模擬試卷（二）PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassageone:Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesforthedecisionswemakeandtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonly“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasix-year-oldchildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”—readyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.S.teenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.16.Accordingtothepassage,memoryisconsideredtobe_________.A.thebasisfordecisionmakingandproblemsolvingB.anabilitytostoreexperiencesforfutureuseC.anintelligencetypicallypossessedbyhumanbeingsD.thedatamainlyconsistingofwordsandcombinationsofwords17.Thecomparisonmadebetweenthememorycapacityofalargecomputerandthatofahumanbeingshowsthat_________.A.thecomputer’smemoryhasalittlebiggercapacitythanateenager’sB.thecomputer’smemorycapacityismuchsmallerthananadulthumanbeing’sC.thecomputer’smemorycapacityismuchsmallereventhanateenager’sD.bothAandB18.Thewholepassageimpliesthat___________.A.onlyhumanbeingshaveproblemsolvingintelligenceB.aperson’smemoryisdifferentfromacomputer’sineveryrespectC.animalsareabletosolveonlyverysimpleproblemsD.animalssolveproblemsbyinstinctsratherthanintelligence19.Thephrase“intermsof”inthelastsentencecanbestbereplacedby________.A.inconnectionwithB.expressedbyC.consistingD.bymeansof20.Thetopicofthepassageis_________.A.whatwouldlifebelikewithoutmemoryB.memoryisofvitalimportancetolifeC.howisaperson’smemorydifferentfromananimal’soracomputer’sD.whatiscontainedinmemoryPassagetwoInthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapableofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsbeforetheseemotionscanbemodifiedthroughlearning.Psychologistshavefoundthattherearetwobasicprocessesbywhichlearningtakesplace.Onekindoflearningiscalled“classicalconditioning”.Thisoccurswhenoneeventorstimulusiscontinuouslyfollowedbyarewardorpunishment.Itisthroughclassicalconditioningthatachildlearnstoassociatehismother’sfaceandvoicewithhappinessandlove,forhelearnsthatthispersonprovidesfoodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilarfashion.Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled“operantconditioning”.Thisoccurswhenanindividuallearnstodothingsthatproducerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthatproducepunishments.Forexample,ifamotheralwaysattendstoherbabywhenhecriesandcuddleshimuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecrieshewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.Everydaywegrowandhavenewexperience.Weconstantlylearnbyreading,watchingTV,interactingwithotherpeople,andsoforth.Thislearningaffectsouremotions.Whyisitthatwelearntolikesomepeopleanddislikeothers?Ifapersonisnicetous,caresaboutus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithpositivefeelings,suchasjoy,happinessandfriendliness.Ontheotherhand,ifapersonismeantous,doesnotcareaboutusandevendeliberatelydoesthingstoharmus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithnegativefeelings,suchasunhappiness,discomfort,andanger.21.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_______.A.teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencecertainemotionsB.givethecommonreaderageneraldescriptionoftwobasickindsoflearningC.giveparentssomeadviceonhowtomodifytheirchildren’semotionsthroughlearningD.discusswithpsychologistshowpositiveandnegativefeelingsareproduced22.Ifyourjokesoftenfindareadyechoinaperson,youwilllearnthrough__________thattellingjokestothispersonisfun,andyouwilltrywithgreatereffortstobehumorousinhispresence.A.classicalconditioningB.operantconditioningC.neitherofthemD.someothersortsofconditioning23.Ifachildisbittenorstartledseveraltimesbyadog,hemaylearntoassociatefurryanimalswithpainorstartleandthusdevelopafearoffurryanimals.Thisisatypicalexampleoflearningthrough_________.A.classicalconditioningB.operantconditioningC.bothofthemD.neitherofthem24.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoris__________.A.discussinghowwegrowandhavenewexperiencethroughoperantconditioningB.talkingaboutlearningtomodifyemotionsthroughoperantconditioningC.concentratingonlearningbyreading,watchingtelevision,interactingwithpeopleandsoonD.usingexamplestofurtherillustratelearningthroughclassicalconditioning25.Inthefollowingparagraphstheauthorwillmostlikelygoondiscussing___________.A.definitionofpositivefeelingsandnegativefeelingsB.thethirdkindoflearningC.furtherexamplesoflearningthroughoperantconditioningD.noneoftheabovePassagethreeCollegebringstogetherpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Therearesomanydifferenttypesofpeopleintheworldbutifyougotoacollegecampus,youaresuretofindatleastoneofeverykind.Thegreatpartaboutbeingherewithsomanydifferentpeopleisthatyougettointeractwithsomeinterestingcharactersandseehowtodealwiththem.Youwillmeetthepeopleyoudreadthemost,thesmartass,thebrain,ortheuniquespirit,butnomatterwhoitisthatisyourworstnightmaretobearoundyouwillalwaysbepairedupwiththeminagroupproject.Whenyougetintotherealworldyouarenotgoingtobeabletopickyourbossorcoworkers.Interactingwiththesepeopleincollegeandlivingwithdifferentroommateswillhelpyoulearnhowtocooperatewiththepeopleinlifeyoufindsounpleasant.Collegelifeisfun.ThefactthatIhavebeenhereforashorttimejustmeansithasnotyetbeenalifechangingexperiencetome.IfIweretogiveanytipsonhowtosurvive,itwouldnotbehowtosurvivecollege,buthowtosurvivelife.Iwouldhavetosaythatoneshouldbeoutgoingandlivelifetothefullest.Meetnewpeoplewheneveryoucanbecausetheyjustmaybeamajorinfluenceinyourlife.Also,getyourworkdonebeforeyougooutandparty.Lastly,Iwouldhavetosay,inlifeifyoueverfeellostoralone,talktosomeoneaboutit.Everyonegetsdepressedattimesintheirlifeandthereisalwayssomeonewhowilllistentoyourproblems.26.Whatisthethemeofthepassage?A.Relationshipsincollege.B.Homeworkincollege.C.Freedomincollege.D.Partyingincollege.27.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutgroupprojects?A.Theyarealwaysunpleasant.B.Theyarealwaysdifficult.C.Partnersmaynotcooperate.D.Partnersmaybelazy.28.Whydoestheauthorrecommendmeetingmanynewpeople?A.Theymaybecomeyourbestfriends.B.Theymayinfluenceyourlife.C.Theymayhelpyousomeday.D.Theymakeyourlifemorefun.29.Howwouldyoudescribetheauthor’spersonality?A.Shyandunderconfident.B.Strongbutquiet.C.Extremelypessimistic.D.Optimisticandoutgoing.30.Whatdoestheauthorsaytodoifyou’redepressed?A.Gosomewherebyyourself.B.Talktosomeoneaboutit.C.Trytoforgetaboutit.D.Seeapsychologistimmediately.PassagefourSomepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistruethatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencourageinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlytherewastheincidentoftragedyinvolvingmurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminornationalcontests.Onecountryreceiveditssecondplacemedalswithvisibleangerafterthehockey(曲棍球)final.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatch,thelosersobjectingtothefinaldecisions.Theywereconvincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheiropponents’victorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:“Thisisn’thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished.”ThepresidentoftheFederation(聯合會)saidlaterthatsuchbehaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthreeyears.TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirstplacetoRussiaafteradisputableendtotheircontest.Thegamehadendedindisorder,itwasthoughtatfirstthattheUnitedStateshadwonbyasinglepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerethreesecondsstilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthecourttotheother,andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthefirsttimetheUShadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.Anappealjurydebatedthematterforfourandahalfhoursbeforeannouncingthattheresultwouldstand.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividuals,orinnonnationalteams,mightbetoomuchtohopefor.ButinthepresentorganizationofOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencouragesaggressive(行為過度旳)patriotism(愛國心).31.TheauthorthinksthatinrecentyearsOlympicGameshave_______.A.showedlittleinternationalfriendshipB.greatlyencouragedinternationalbrotherhoodC.createdgoodwillbetweenthenationsD.createdonlymisunderstandingandhatred32.Whatdidthemanagermeanbysaying“Thisisn’thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished”?A.Thisisnotastandardhockeymatch.B.TheFederationwouldnotexistanylongerafterthismatchwasover.C.Histeamwouldnotenterthegameinthreeyears.D.TheunfairdecisionsruinedbothhockeyandtheFederation.33.Thebasketballmatchshowedthat_______.A.theRussianteamshouldnothavetakenadvantageofthelastthreeseconds.B.aggressivepatriotismwasdisplayedintheincident.C.theappealjurywastooinefficientinmakingadecision.D.theAmericanteamshouldhavetakenthefirstplace.34.Theauthorgives2examplesinthe2ndandthe3rdparagraphsinordertoshowthat__________.A.contestsoftenendindisorderB.nocontestsarefairinOlympicGamesC.competitiondiscouragesinternationalfriendshipD.unfairdecisionsarecommoninsports35.Whichstatementbestsummarizesthispassage?A.Athletesshouldcompeteasindividuals.B.TheorganizationoftheOlympicGamesmustbeimproved.C.Anyteamthathasdisrespectfulbehaviorshouldbesuspended.D.DifferentteamsoftenhavedisputeswhenfightingforthefirstplacePartⅢVocabularyandStructure36.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents_______wellofhim.A.tospeakB.spokenC.tohavespokenD.speak37.Thehousewasveryquiet,_______asitwasonthesideofamountain.A.isolatedB.isolatingC.beingisolatedD.havingbeenisolated38.Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareaeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestill_______.A.blankB.hollowC.vacantD.bare39.Beingapopstarcanbequiteahardlife,withalotoftravelling_______heavyschedules.A.withregardtoB.astoC.inrelationtoD.owingto40.Tonyisverydisappointed_______theresultsoftheexam.A.withB.forC.towardD.on41.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower_______.A.toerectB.beerectedC.erectingD.beingerected42.Thegoals_______hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.A.afterwhichB.forwhichC.withwhichD.atwhich43.Thedrunkendriverexceededthespeedlimit.Butfortunately,Ijumpedback_______toavoidbeingknockeddown.A.intimeB.ontimeC.attimeD.oftime44.Noonewasinterestedinhislecture,______?A.weren’ttheyB.wasn’theC.weretheyD.washe45.Ithinkyouareoldenoughtoknow_______tospendallyoumoneyonfancyclothes.A.otherthanB.ratherthanC.betterthanD.morethan46.Theenvironmentalscientisthadhisfindings_______assoonashefinished_______theairpollution.A.tobepublished,toinvestigateB.published,toinvestigateC.published,investigatingD.beingpublished,investigating47.Wouldyouplease_______thewordontheblackboarduntilaftertheyhavefinishedtheexam?A.nottowriteB.notwriteC.don’twriteD.don’ttowrite48.Eachstudyunit_______fifteensentencesrelatedtoameaningfulsituationA.consistsB.containsC.comprisesofD.includesin49.I_______toreturntoAnglesthemagazineswhichIhadborrowedfromhim.A.promisedB.waspromisedC.havepromisedD.hadpromised50.TheAmericangovernmentpromisedtokeeptheChinesegovernment_______ofhowtheaffairwasgoingon.A.tobeinformedB.informedC.oninformingD.informing51.Thegovernmenthas_______toimprovethelivingconditionsforthefarmers.A.acceptedB.allowedC.agreedD.affirmed52.Ifyou_______yesterday’slecture,you_______howtowriteyourthesisnow.A.attended,wouldhaveknownB.attended,wouldknowC.hadattended,wouldknowD.haveattended,wouldknow53.—Doyouknowthegirlwithlonghair?—Idon’tthinkso,althoughshe______meofsomeoneIknow.A.remembersB.remindsC.recallsD.recollects54.Janet_______getangryifyouaskherstupidquestions.A.tendstoB.attemptstoC.temptstoD.temperto55.Ifthepressureisnot_______immediately,theremaybeanexplosion.A.relievedB.retreatedC.revealedD.released56.Shehadbeenkindtome,soIfelt_______tohelpherwhenshewasintrouble.A.detachedB.obligedC.generousD.virtuous57.Themusicwouldstopatintervals,then____afterawhile.A.restoreB.recoverC.resumeD.assume58.ManynativespeakersofEnglish_______grammaticalrules.A.showindifferencetoB.attachimportancetoC.arecriticalofD.areignorantof59.Newtechnologyhas_______myoldcomputeroutofdate.A.renderedB.providedC.worsenedD.converted60.Forher,happiness_______competitionandachievement.A.resultsinB.reachesforC.consistsofD.consistsin61.Youhavespentyourmoneyinsofreeandunrestrainedaway.Ithinkyou’llhaveto_______yourexpensesmoreorless.A.cutoffB.cutdownC.cutoutD.cutacross62.Yourteasingofthenewlyarrivedyoungsecretaryhassomewhatgone_______ajokeandIadviseyoutostopit.A.againstB.byC.overD.beyond63.Everybodywasrequiredtokeepthefutureplanin_______.A.safetyB.secretC.securityD.secrecy64.Ididn’tknowwhattodobutthenanideasuddenly_______tome.A.occurredB.appearedC.happenedD.struck65.Paulwasveryeagertoseethestarsinger,andthereforehearrivedatthespotofmeetinganhour_______ofschedule.A.inadvanceB.infrontC.aheadD.inexcess66.Untilthen,hisfamily_______fromhimforsixmonths.A.didn’thearB.hasn’tbeenhearingC.hasn’theardD.hadn’theard67.Theconference_______afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted68.Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeacharoundtheislandatregular_______.A.gapsB.rateC.lengthD.intervals69.Physicsis_______tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.A.alikeB.equivalentC.likelyD.uniform70.ThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_______trouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade71.Nobodyknowstheageoftheearth_______certain.A.byB.inC.withD.for72.Theyalways_______extrastaffinthesummerseason.A.putonB.takeinC.putinD.takeon73.Myunclerarelyusedtooversleep,_______?A.didheB.didnotheC.doesheD.doesn’the74.Thewriter_______forfiveyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendead75.Iregret_______harderatschool.A.nottohaveworkedB.nothavingworkedC.nothaveworkedD.havingnotworkedPartⅣClozeTestOurenvironmentisgettingworseandworsewiththeincreaseoftheworldpopulation,whichaffectstheenvironmentintwoways.Firstly,thelimitedenergyresourceswillbeused76muchfaster.Secondly,theincreasingpopulationcreatesmorepollution,anothersevereproblemthatneeds77.Bothproblemsarelong-termonesbecauseactions78nowshowtheirresultsslowlyovermanyyears.Theyarealsourgentbecausedelaysinactioncanleadtogreatsufferingandsocialproblems.Thequestionseemstobedifficulttohandleformostpeople.However,apersoncanbeaprotectorofenvironmentineverydaylifeifhe79actionstosavetheenvironmentrightnow.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,carsmaketransportationeasierandquickerthanbefore,butwecan’tignorethedisadvantagesbroughttousbymoreandmorecarsinuse.Forexample,weareconsuminggasoline,whichisa80resource,andwillsoonbegone.81,theexhaustedgasfromcarspollutesourair,andourhealthis82threatenedbyairpollution,whichhasabigpotentialeffectonourdailylife.Sowecanconsiderwalking,takingbuses,carpooling(合用汽車),83drivingcarsalone.Thisseemstobeaveryslowprocessthatcan’tbesoeffectiveifit’stakenbyasingleperson.Butwhenmoreandmorepeoplebecomeaware84theimportanceandpositivelytakeitastheirpersonalresponsibilities,theconditionoftheairwillbeimproved85agreatextent.76.A.offB.outC.upD.for77.A.tobesolvedB.tosolveC.beingsolvedD.solved78.A.takingB.takenC.totakeD.tobetaken79.A.takesB.performsC.carryD.accomplishes80.A.nonrenewB.nonrenewedC.nonrenewingD.nonrenewable81.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.BesideD.Therefore82.A.asB.thereforeC.suchD.consequent83.A.insteadB.takingplaceofC.inplaceofD.insteadof84.A.offB.thatC.ofD.against85.A.toB.inC.onD.byPartⅤWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositioninnolessthan120wordsonChinaNeedsGreenLaws.Yourcompositionmustbebasedonthefollowingoutline:Outline:1.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,environmentalprotectionhasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.2.Therearemanyfactorsthatbringaboutpollutiontous.3.InChina,it’snecessarytosolvetheproblembymakinggreenlaws.PartⅥTranslation86.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.87.Theyareverymuchontheirownassoonastheyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate.88.Inasocietyofsuchhighmoralpractice,whatneedisthereforpeopletobeonguardagainstothers?89.Unfortunately,theyalsopromotefastfoodwhichfitseasilyintobusylifestyles.90.Environmentswherepassivesmokingisunavoidablemakeitdifficulttoleadahealthylife.91.NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.92.Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthaton