學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精PAGEPAGE2學必求其心得，業必貴于專精專題一閱讀理解第二講推理判斷類真題驗證題組一eq\x(A）(2017·全國Ⅲ，B）MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75－yearhistory.Thistime,however，thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send。ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding。TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate。Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown。BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation（位置)wasalsoareason。“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown，”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses。”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace。However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems。Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm，whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood－byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime。After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie。Thetheaterwillbemissed.文章大意：本文講述的是擁有75年歷史的廣場劇院在放映完最后一部電影后即將關閉以及市民對它的不舍之情。?Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial？____B____A．Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B．Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater。C．Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience。D．Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheate.解析：考查推理判斷。根據第一段的最后一句“Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send”可推斷出，工人們清理垃圾和清除座位及其他劇院設備是在為劇院的關閉作準備。故選B.?WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon？____D____A．Itwasanall－timeclassic。B．Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown。C．Theaudiencerequestedit.D．Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.解析：考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate”可知，劇院的老板親自選定了TheLastPictureShow這部電影，因為他認為這部電影很適合。原文中的“appropriate”和D選項的“suitable"都表示“合適的”.故選D。?Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?____C____A．Itwillberepaired.B．Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C．Itwillbeknockeddown.D．Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.解析：考查推理判斷。第四段最后一句說劇院被賣給了當地的開發公司，該公司計劃在劇院所在地建綜合購物大樓,因此可推斷出劇院將被推倒拆除。故選C。?Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience？____B____A．TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B．Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C．Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials。D．Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter。解析：考查推理判斷。根據第二段第二句“Thoughthemovieis30yearsold，mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding”可知,觀眾含淚觀看最后一部電影，想向劇院告別；再結合最后一段最后一句“Thetheaterwillbemissed”可以推斷出觀眾對劇院戀戀不舍，與劇院告別讓他們感到很悲傷。故選B。eq\x(B)（2017·全國Ⅲ，C）eq\x(導學號47404005）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark。Bylastyear，theGraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually__displaced__byhumandevelopment。Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations——majorfoodsources(來源）forthewolf——grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark。Intheabsenceof’wolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstoneThegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone。Today，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone。Elk,deer，andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback。TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。在爭議了幾年之后黃石國家公園終于把灰狼重新引入公園，以保持公園內生態的平衡。?Whatisthetextmainlyabout？____D____A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves。D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark。解析:考查主旨大意.縱觀全文可知，本文主要談了將灰狼重新引入黃石國家公園的原因以及這一舉措的成效等，故選D。?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean？____C____A．Tested. B．Separated.C．Forcedout. D．Trackeddown。解析：考查詞義猜測。由第二段第一句話可知,曾經黃石公園里有灰狼，下文提到但后來由于人類的發展灰狼數量逐漸減少,幾乎消失了，因此可以推出,displaced意為“被迫離開”,故選C。?Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout？____A____A．Damagetolocalecology。B．Adeclineinthepark'sincome。C．Preservationofvegetation.D．Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.解析：考查推理判斷.第三段提到由于灰狼的消失,鹿和麋鹿的數量快速增長，消耗了大量的植被，減少了植物種類同時叢林狼的數量增多，園內很多的紅狐被獵殺，而河貍也完全消失了，由此推斷出灰狼的消失對公園內的生態環境產生了損害。故選A。?Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?____B____A．Doubtful。 B．Positive.C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring。解析：考查觀點態度。根據第五段最后一句中的“avaluableexperiment”可知，作者認為這項工程很有價值，因此他的態度應當是積極肯定的。故選B。eq\x(C)(2017·北京，C）Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback，causedbyagrowinganti－vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA，comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected。Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”，whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily，includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons，babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork。Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin。Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger。That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N．Y。,wherea17－year－oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades，anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk。Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（決定不參加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten。Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免）,sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine。Now，severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout。Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions？Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife－savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.文章大意：這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了近年來曾經致命且幾乎消失了的麻疹卷土重來。究其原因,是少數人拒絕注射疫苗，導致了自己及其他人的健康受損。作者呼吁人人都應該注射麻疹疫苗。?Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____A____.A．asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．anti－vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly解析:考查推理判斷。根據前兩段的內容，尤其是第二段中的“Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend”可知，少量的麻疹病例卻能引起危險的趨勢。故選A。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10））Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____C____。A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws解析：考查細節理解.根據第三段中的“Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin”可知，只有在大家都參加疫苗接種的情況下群體免疫力才有作用。故選C。eq\o（○，\s\up1(11))Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles？____D____A．Theoveruseofvaccine。B．Thelackofmedicalcare.C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself。D．Thevaccineopt－outsofsomepeople.解析：考查推理判斷.根據全文內容，尤其是第一段和第六段中的“Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(決定不參加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten"可知,麻疹死灰復燃的主要原因是一些人不參加疫苗接種。故選D。eq\o(○，\s\up1（12)）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？____C____A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles。C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.解析:考查寫作意圖。根據最后一段中的“Everyoneenjoythelife－savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide，butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks"并結合文中所述的麻疹死灰復燃的事實可知，作者的目的是強調麻疹疫苗接種的重要性。故選C。eq\x(D)(2017·浙江，C）eq\x(導學號47404006）FLORENCE，Italy-SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt。TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant（移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits，orinsomecases，citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration（融合）.Otherssayit'sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures。Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration，haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1。14millionoutofItaly’sthen56。7millionpeople,orabout2percent。Atthestartofthisyear，foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4。56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent，withimmigrants'childrenaccountingforanevenlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence（居住權）wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova，wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope。Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration。Italiansalways“seemeasaforeigner，”anoutsider，eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。科約卡魯在意大利佛羅倫薩打工已經七年了，但為了繼續待在這里她不得不通過考試來證明自己的語言技能——近幾年意大利的外來移民越來越多,政府認為讓外來移民參加語言考試,是為了幫助他們更好地融入社會,促進文化交流，而一些移民感覺這一舉措讓自己受到了傷害。eq\o(○，\s\up1（13))WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest？____A____A．TocontinuetostayinItaly。 B。ToteachherchildrenItalian。C．TofindabetterjobinItaly。 D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.解析：細節理解題。根據文章第一段第二句話中的butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatest可知，為了能繼續留在意大利，科約卡魯需要參加語言測試來證明她的語言技能.故選A。eq\o(○，\s\up1（14））Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay____B____。A．reduceItaly’spopulationquickly B。causeconflictsamongpeopleC．leadtofinancialdifficulties D.putpressureonschools解析:細節理解題。根據文章第三段第一句話中的suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration可以看出，有的移民擔心對移民的語言測試和要求可能會導致各民族間的偏執而非融合，故選B項“在人們之間引起沖突”。eq\o（○，\s\up1(15））WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru？____C____A．SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly。B．SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.D．ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob。C．Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry。解析:考查推理判斷。由最后一段中的eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently可以看出，科約卡魯的意大利語說得足夠流利，這讓她能夠勝任她的工作，故選C項.題組二eq\x(A）（2017·北京,A)eq\x(導學號47404007）ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint，NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm。Eighth－graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發抖）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay。Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell-Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly，Parisfelltotheground。“Paris’seyesrolledback，”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking。Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas。Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure。Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie。Atfirst,noonemoved。Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout，“DoesanyoneknowCPR？”CPRisalife－savingtechnique.TodoCPR，youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans。Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagedquickly。Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated。Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR。“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown。Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork。Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned。“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow。“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife。”ExpertssayParisisright：Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly。Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam。Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow，"Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”文章大意：這是一篇記敘文。文中講述了壘球隊中的女隊員Paris在打球過程中突發心力衰竭，隊友Taylor對她進行了緊急心肺復蘇,Paris最后恢復了心跳的故事。Taylor勇敢、冷靜,用所學的急救知識救助他人.?WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday？____B____A．Shecaughtabadcold。B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball。D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice。解析:考查細節理解。根據第三段中的“Itcertainlywas。Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure”可知，Paris突發心力衰竭。故選B.?WhydoesParissayshewaslucky？____C____A．Shemadeaworthyfriend.B．Sherecoveredfromshock.C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.解析:考查推理判斷。根據第五段中的“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR”以及第六段在隊友和學校護士的幫助下Paris的心跳恢復了（Paris’sheartbeatreturned)以及倒數第二段中的“Forasuddenheartfailure，thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”可知，Paris得到了及時的心肺復蘇（CPR）救助.故選C。?WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?____B____A．Enthusiasticandkind.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Cooperativeandgenerous。D．Ambitiousandprofessional。解析：考查推理判斷。根據第五段中的“Butwhennooneelsecameforward，TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR。‘Itwasscary。Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,’saysTaylor”和第六段中的“Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown”可知，Taylor是一位勇敢、冷靜的女孩。面對緊急情況，她不慌不亂，用所學的急救知識迅速幫助他人，并用自己的舉動感染隊友，讓她們鎮靜下來參與救助。故選B.eq\x（B）（2017·全國Ⅱ，B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introducedusinNewYorkCity。Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme。Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat；theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers。ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV。Wewererespectfulofcraft(技藝）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen。Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill，andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival。PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharing__that__broughtustogether。Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents。Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago。He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit。Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords。文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了與Paul的相識及與其建立友誼的原因，雖不常見面但是卻因共同的信念而保持著友誼。?Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletoauthoratfirst？____C____A．PaulNewmanwantedit.B．Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent。C．Hewasn’tfamousenough。D．Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.解析：考查細節理解.根據第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme”可知，攝影棚起初不愿意給作者角色的原因是想找一個與Paul一樣著名的人物。故可知作者當時不夠有名。該題選C項.?WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship？____D____A．Theywereofthesameage。B．Theyworkedinthesametheater。C．Theywerebothgoodactors。D．Theyhavesimilarcharacteristics。解析:考查推理判斷。根據文章第二段中的“Wewererespectfulofcraft（技藝)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors”可知,作者與Paul之所以擁有持久的友誼是因為他們有相似的性格特征.故D項符合題意。?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto？____A____A．Theirbelief. B．Theircareforchildren.C．Theirsuccess。 D．Theirsupportforeachother.解析：考查代詞指代。根據第三段中的“Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingback"可知，下文的內容是對thebelief的解釋，that引導同位語從句，解釋說明thebelief的具體內容。下文提到了我們并不經常見面，但是分享這個信念把我們帶到了一起.故選A項.?Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?____B____A．Toshowhisloveoffilms。B．Torememberafriend.C．Tointroduceanewmovie.D．Tosharehisactingexperience。解析：考查寫作目的。根據全文內容，尤其是第一段中的“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”以及最后一段中的“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago”可知，該篇文章的寫作目的是回憶一位朋友，所以選B項。eq\x(C）（2017·江蘇，C)Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable，fast－growingindustry，urgingantitrust（反壟斷)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago，theresourceinquestionwasoil。Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants（巨頭)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle，Amazon，FacebookandMicrosoft。Alllookunstoppable。Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime。Thegiants'successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery。Farfromchargingconsumershighprices，manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay，ineffect，byhandingoveryetmoredata）。Andtheappearanceofnew－borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves，too。Butthereiscauseforconcern。Theinternethasmadedataabundant，all－presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition。Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition，tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful。BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves：intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain。Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent，twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger（兼并),forexample，theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets（資產）whenassessingtheimpactofdeals。Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew－bornthreat。Whenthistakesplace，especiallywhenanew－borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof，theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon－lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem。Companiescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers’consent.Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon’twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.文章大意：一種新的商品引發了高利潤的、快速增長的產業，迫使反壟斷管理者介入控制那些處于主導地位的公司。?Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants？____A____A．Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket。 B．Theycollectenormousprivatedata.C．Theynolongerprovidefreeservices. D．Theydismissedsomenew－borngiants。解析：考查細節理解.根據第二段的首句“Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup”可知,這種形勢要求科技巨頭解體。這種形勢是指上文提及的那幾家大公司壟斷了數據市場，故選A.?WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate？____C____A．Datagiants'technologyisveryexpensive.B．Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms.C．Datacanstrengthengiants'controllingposition.D．Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts。解析：考查細節理解。從第三段可知,以谷歌公司為例,這些科技巨頭發現了數據可以轉變為新的服務，例如翻譯和視覺識別，這些都可以賣給其他公司。因特網公司對于數據的控制賦予了他們巨大的權力，從而可以增強他們的控制地位。故選C。eq\o（○，\s\up1(10)）Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould____B____.A．killanewthreat B。avoidthesizetrapC．favourbiggerfirms D。chargehigherprices解析：考查推理判斷。根據第五段可知，反壟斷機構在考慮兼并時，通常根據規模來決定何時進行干預，現在當評估這些交易的影響時，他們需要考慮到這些公司的數據資產的范圍，再根據“Thepurchasepricecould.。.anew－bornthreat”可知，通過重視公司的數據資產，反壟斷管理者可以避免規模陷阱。故選B.eq\o（○，\s\up1（11））Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata？____D____A．Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.B．Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.C．Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.D．Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities。解析：考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段可知,放松網絡服務商對于數據的控制，把更多的份額給數據提供者，從而讓小公司也有機會發展。故選D。eq\x（D)(2017·北京，D)eq\x(導學號47404008)Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪惡的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly。Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell－knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論），putitthisway：“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干預),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire."Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin－born，norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans；itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead。Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee，itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then，wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined，superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown，withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld。Unfortunately，thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans，letalonesuperintelligentmachines。SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11，1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence，“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine。"However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron－induced（中子誘導)nuclearchainreaction.文章大意：這是一篇科技說明文。文中主要介紹了人工智能(AI）隨著科技的發展可能超出人類的控制以及人類應如何應對此類安全問題等相關信息。eq\o（○,\s\up1(12)）Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay____A____。A．runoutofhumancontrolB．satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC．commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD．workfasterthanamathematician解析：考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的“Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant”可知，人工智能可能會變得非常擅長完成目標，而這些目標可能不是人們真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能擺脫人的控制.故選A。eq\o（○，\s\up1（13）)Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto____A____。A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB．achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC．doanythingsuccessf