專四詞匯積累重點(diǎn)

discrepancy:差異,不符合，矛盾

Thediscrepancyintheiragesdidn'taffecttheirlove.

interchangev交換，互換；交替發(fā)生n交換，呼喚；立體交叉道Workersshould

interchangelaborandreposeduringthework.

discretionn謹(jǐn)慎；自由剝奪；酌處權(quán)

atdiscretionCarriechoseablousefromtwosameonesatdiscretion.

atthediscretionofAsupplementarygrantmaybeawardedatthediscretion

ofschool.

withdiscretionPleasemakeyourdecisionwithdiscretion.

atthediscretionof由…斟酌決定

smugglev走私，偷運(yùn)

Themantriedtosmugglesthvaluablethroughthecustoms.

orientvt使適應(yīng)；確定位置

n東方；0亞洲，adj東方的

Endeavoringtoorienthimself,asasurveyorornavigatormightsay,the

manmovedhiseyesslowlyalongitsvisiblelength.

export-oriented以…..為導(dǎo)向的

cruisev巡航，游弋；旅行，漫游

Governmentsentthepolicetocruisearoundtheseawaters.

FromanywherebetweenUS$10and$11,youcanusethecanalbusorawater

taxitocruisethe-VeniceoftheNorthII.cruisern巡洋艦，有船艙的游艇

invalidn病人；殘廢者adj無效的，作廢的

Damagedormarkedballotswereregardedasinvalid,trailn足跡，蹤跡；小

徑，小路；（人流、車流等）一般，（煙塵等）一縷v拖，拖曳；跟蹤，尾隨；（植

物）蔓生

Thewindingtrailinthebushescausedthehikerstolosetheirorientation.

Itwasatownofmachineryandtallchimneys,outofwhichsmoketrailed

themselvesforeverandever.

rearn后部，背面；飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)，栽培Alicerearedthehomelessboyasher

ownchild.

crudeadj天然的，未加工的；粗野的，沒有教養(yǎng)的；赤裸裸的n原油

crudeoil原油Bill'scrudebehaviorannoyedhisteacher.

hystericadj竭斯底里的；nhysterics竭斯底里的發(fā)作

Thestartriedtocalmdownthehystericaudience.那位明星盡力使情緒異常激

動(dòng)的觀眾安靜下來。

ethnicadj種族的，部族的，民族的

Thewayinwhichpeopleusesocialspacereflectstheirsocialrelationships

andtheirethnicidentity.

blazen火；光輝,燦爛；迸發(fā)，爆發(fā)v燃燒，冒火焰；發(fā)光，放光彩；發(fā)怒

Nobodyknewwhathadcausedhimtobaizeoutinanger.

providedconj以…為條件,假如

providedyouhavethecouragetoadmityourmistakes,Iwillforgiveyou.

heavev舉起，拉，拖；投擲；（有節(jié)奏的）起伏

Luciaflushedwithanger,andherbosombegantoheave.

Ellenwassoangrythatshewantedtoheave

Martinoutsidethroughthehatch.

frailadj脆弱的，易損壞的，不堅(jiān)實(shí)的；虛弱的，薄弱的

Afraildisabledmanisfoundbeatentodeathinhisflatinsouth-east

London,frailtyn虛弱,脆弱

wakev醒來，喚醒；n（行船在水面留下的）船跡，尾流，守夜,守靈inthewake

of

Airlinesaroundtheworldhavecutservicesanddismissedstaffastheir

businesshasplungedinthewakeofthecrisis.

disclose:v（使）顯露，揭露，泄露；公開，表明，說出

Itwassuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshoulddiscloseinformation

ontheirfinancialinterests.

disclosure:n揭發(fā)，透露，公開

curb：n勒馬的鏈條，控制，路緣；控制；路緣v給馬裝上勒馬鏈，勒住馬；控

制，約束

Theaimoftheagreementwastopreventtheimproperuseofcountry'sbank

secrecylaws,anditseffectwastocurbseverelythesystemofsecrecy.

Youmustkeepacurbonyourbehaviors.

Severaldayslater,Iwasbringingourgarbagebinsbackfromthecurbwhen

Inoticedanenvelopetapedtooneofthelids.

ventilatevt使通風(fēng)

Eurostarlaunchesaninvestigationafterpassengerswerestrandedforfive

hoursandhadtosmashwindowstoventilatecarriages.

ventilation通風(fēng)設(shè)備，空氣流通ventilatorn通風(fēng)設(shè)備，通風(fēng)口extentn范

圍，廣度；長度，程度，限度tosomeextent:Tosomeextent,therefore,the

principleofserecyhadbeenmaintained.

initiativen進(jìn)取心，首創(chuàng)精神;主動(dòng)性，adj起始的，初步的

taketheinitiative:Wetooktheinitiativeintryingtosolvetheproblem.

onone'sowninitiative主動(dòng)地；taketheinitiative采取主動(dòng)，帶頭，發(fā)起

nortoriousadj臭名昭著的，名聲狼藉的Themayorisanotoriousforhis

briberyandcorruption.

stranglev扼死，勒死；抑制，扼殺

Afatherisjailedforlifeforslittinghisthree-year-olddaughter's

throatandtryingtostranglehisson.

Isabeltriedherbesttostrangletheunspeakableagony.

commutev定時(shí)往返兩地；減輕（刑罰）；用...交換；改變（付款）方式

Inabigcity,peopleneedcommutebybus.Thecompanywillcommutetheir

pension.

saneadj心智健全的，神智正常的；明智的，穩(wěn)健的

Tomisnotmad;heisassaneasanyothernormalperson.

sanityn神智正常，心智健康

offsetn分支，旁支；補(bǔ)償，抵消v補(bǔ)償，抵消

Thecompanyprovidedextraallowancetooffsetovertimeatweekend.

dimadj暗淡的，昏暗的；朦朧的；遲鈍的，愚蠢的v（使）變暗淡，（使）變模

糊，失去光澤

Trytodimthelight,andifyouneedto,getadesklampforotherwork.

Wecanseethedimoutlineofthehouseinthedistance.

dim&obscure

dim強(qiáng)調(diào)光線調(diào)暗或清晰度減弱而導(dǎo)致無法看清某物，。bscure強(qiáng)調(diào)某物體或想法不清

楚,也可以用來理解不了某事物,如：anobscurepassage.

confessv供認(rèn)，坦白，承認(rèn)；懺悔（罪惡等）

Imustconfessthatsheisreallyabeauty.Doyouhavesthtoconfessto

Ken?confessto承認(rèn).

confession懺悔，認(rèn)錯(cuò)，招供

hovervi飛翔,盤旋,徘徊

Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughtoverifythatitwasa

car.hover可用于鳥盤旋，人徘徊

untievt解開，松開

Thesmallchimpstruggledtountietheropesofthecage,buttonoavail.

surgevi在浪濤中前進(jìn)，急劇上升，n向前或向上運(yùn)動(dòng)；突然發(fā)生，激增

IknewBenjamin'smotherandfatherwell,andhaveoftenknownthewarm

surgeintheheartofmeatthesightofthatfaithfulcouplerunningsideby

sidealongthebeach.

gliden/v滑動(dòng)，滑行，滑翔

Iwasattractedbythegracefulglideofaskater.

glider滑翔機(jī)n

slide指一指沿著平滑表面滑動(dòng)，slip通常指突然、意外的滑動(dòng),slipoveonthe

ice;glide

指連續(xù)無聲的滑行，尤指似乎不廢力氣的滑行。

approvefesanction

approve既可以是個(gè)人的贊同，也可以指官

方的認(rèn)可；sanction不僅表示贊同，而且表示批準(zhǔn)或認(rèn)可，如：Thestatementwas

sanctionedbycommonsense.

absurdadj不合理的，荒謬的，可笑的Ican'tremembertheseabsurdstories.

Itwasstrangethatshewouldentertainsuchanabsurdidea.

absurd在從句中,般用should+動(dòng)詞原形

absurd,foolish,silly,ridiculous

absurd強(qiáng)調(diào)的是不符合人情或常識(shí)的,如：anabsurdopinion;foolish一般指愚蠢

的，可笑的，缺乏智慧和判斷力，silly強(qiáng)調(diào)單純，糊涂，沒有想法，如：asillyboy;

ridiculous

意為荒謬的，令人發(fā)笑的，常會(huì)有鄙視的意味

stabv刺，戳,刺入；產(chǎn)生刺痛n刺，戳,刺痛,傷痛

TherobberstabbedDickensdeepintohisabdomenwithadagger.

enquireafter問候

TomcalledyesterdayandenquiredafterHelen.

enquireupon/intosth打聽某事

unanimousadj一致同意的，一致通過的Thentherewasaunanimouscallforan

explanation.

tormentn痛苦，折磨；令人煩惱的人或物vt使痛苦，煩惱，折磨

Soonafterwardssufferinggreatpaininhisstomach,hesaid,“Ideserve

allthistorment,formyfollyinthinkingthateverythingroundmustbean

egg.||torment&torture

torment指精神上長期煩惱或痛苦

torture指身體或精神上收到極大痛苦。

venturen（尤指有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的）企業(yè)，商業(yè)，經(jīng)營項(xiàng)目v冒險(xiǎn)；敢于

PepsiCowillprovidethedistributionnetworksinthejointventure.

Nothingventured,nothinggained.

signacontract簽訂合同，makeacontractwithsb

contractionn收縮，縮小；縮略字；contracter承包商，承建商

interrupt,bother,disturb,interfere

interrupt指中途打斷，如：interrupttheconversation;

bother指擾亂某人，bothersbwithsthdisturb指情感因素使人心緒不寧,語氣強(qiáng)

interfere指通過一系列手段干擾別人，interferewith/in

stoopv俯身，彎腰；降格，卑屈n彎腰，曲背；降格，卑屈

Oh,whenshallIarriveagainatmyhome,whereIshal1nolongerhaveto

stoopshallnolongerhavetostoopbeforethesmallones.

shallowadj淺的，膚淺的

Stephenlookedatthemwithanacridsmileasthetwogirlshadashallow

talk.

enchantvt用魔力迷惑，使著魔；使入迷，陶醉

Lindawasplainlyenchantedbytheview.

commenton/upon對(duì),???做出評(píng)論，makecomments

commentary（對(duì)書籍等的）評(píng)論；實(shí)況報(bào)道n

commentater（n注釋者；實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播評(píng)論員，新聞廣播員）

WL2

wretchedadj可憐的，悲慘的；惡劣的，令人討厭的

Hearingthatwretchednews,theoldwomanwasincoherentwithgrief.

stiflev使窒息，窒悶；熄滅，撲滅；抑制，遏止

Thesmokeintheroomstifledthechildren.Justasbefore,onlyby

occupationintheday,bymorphineatnight,couldshestiflethefearful

thoughtofwhatwouldbeifheceasedtoloveher.

solve&resolve

solve解決具體問題，如：solvethequestion;resolve指解決抽象的問題或困

難，如：resolvethedifficulty

recklessadj輕率的，魯莽的，不顧后果的It'sarecklessandirresponsible

attack,borderingonthelibelous,這是輕率而不負(fù)責(zé)任的抨擊,和誹謗差不多。

hoarseadj（聲音）沙啞的

Thevoiceofthecheerleaderssometimesbecomeshoarsebecausetheyshout

andyell.

yearnvi想念，思慕，渴望

Heyearnedforhishomeandfamily.

hailv向…歡呼；熱情贊揚(yáng)；高呼，招呼；下冰雹n歡呼；打招呼；（冰）薄

Ihadtostayinmyofficeforalongtimebecauseofthehaillastnight.

Hisnewbookishailedasmasterpiece,hailfrom來自于或發(fā)源于...

esteemvt尊重，尊敬；認(rèn)為，把…看作n尊重，尊敬

Iadmireherabilitiesandesteemhercharacter.

inone'sesteem

chucklev輕聲地笑，竊笑

Peggychucklesandsetstothetaskcheerfully.

chuckle一般表示恬靜地笑，通常是沒有惡意的、輕松地笑；

giggle指小孩發(fā)出壓抑不住的笑聲,近乎傻笑，如：Thechildrengiggledatthe

clown'santics.

hardyadj能吃苦耐勞的,強(qiáng)壯的；耐寒的Janeisahardygirlandsheteaches

inthemountainplace.

resourcefuladj善于隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的,機(jī)敏的Bartonwasadelightfulcompanion,

resourcefulandthoughtfuloftheinterestsandwishesofothers.

approachv接近，靠近；與…..接洽，與….交涉；處理，對(duì)付n靠近，接近；態(tài)

度；方法

Thetheoriesnowprevailingtakeaquitedifferentapproachbyemphasizing

whatliquidsandgaseshaveincommon.目前的主導(dǎo)理論采用一種不同的方法

Thereareseveralwaysofapproachingtheproblem.

dedicatevt以……奉獻(xiàn)；為…?.舉行落成儀式；把（一生等）獻(xiàn)給，把（時(shí)間，精

力）用于….

Themandedicatedmuchofhislifetoteaching.dedicate做“奉獻(xiàn)"時(shí)，要

接to,表示“把…?獻(xiàn)給…?.”

commandv指揮,統(tǒng)帥;命令；控制,對(duì)….有支配權(quán),擁有…（.可供使用）；俯瞰;

n統(tǒng)帥（地位），指揮權(quán)；命令；運(yùn)用能力

AgoodcommandofEnglishandcomputingisamustasfarasthepositionis

concerned,incommand（of）:Jackwasincommandoftheairforce.

cripplen跛足的人，殘疾人v使…殘疾；使…受傷害

Asacripple,Joealwaysfeelsveryunconfident.

Proverb:Hethatliveswithcrippleslearnstolimp.近朱者赤，近墨者黑

protestv抗議，反對(duì)n抗議，反對(duì)；斷言，聲明

Someeconomistsprotestedthenewtaxlawputforwardbythegovernment,

protest,oppose,object

protest一般是接against或從句，表示反對(duì)，抗議某事，

oppose側(cè)重反對(duì)這一動(dòng)詞，直接加賓語，表示以積極行動(dòng)來反對(duì)，beopposedto，較

少含個(gè)人情感；object表示對(duì)所反對(duì)的事物的強(qiáng)烈厭惡，后面接to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞

sternadj嚴(yán)苛的，嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)肅的n船尾，末端

ButThursdaymorningbeamingmanagerswerereplacedbysternsecurityguards

whorefusedtoevenletworkersintothebuilding.

rare&scarce

rare表示某物很少見到，有珍貴、珍惜的意思；

scarce表示因缺乏或匱乏而難以得到，表示時(shí)間頻率只能用rare

decentadj體面的，正當(dāng)?shù)模粐?yán)肅的；高雅的；和氣的，過得去的，寬容的

Iwilltrymybesttomakemyparentsliveadecentlife.

Theyangemployeehasadecentquality-hetotallyhonest.

indecentadj下流的

profoundadj深厚的，深刻的，深?yuàn)W的；知識(shí)淵博的

Thepolicyhadaprofoundeffectonthenation'sagriculture.

acuteadj尖銳的，銳角的；激烈的，嚴(yán)重的；敏銳的；（疾病）急性的，（疼痛）劇

烈

的

Acutehearinghelpsmostanimalssensetheapproachofthunderstormslong

beforepeopledo.

InBeijing,Tianjinand100otherlargecitiesthecrisisisparticularly

acute.當(dāng)解釋為“尖銳”時(shí)，僅用于學(xué)術(shù)中，anacuteangle.

inproportionto：Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhigh

inproportiontohisincome.與他的收入相比，他在度假和奢侈品上的開支偏高。in

proportion相稱，成比例；outofproportion不相稱,不成和比例

beparticularabout：Mycousinlikeseatingverymuch,butheisn'tvery

particularaboutthefoodheeats.對(duì)…?挑剔

particular,special,peculiar,specific

particular指某物與眾不同，particularinspecial指某物或某人與其他人或物有

區(qū)別而具備特殊的性質(zhì)或特征，如：specialdishes;peculiar強(qiáng)調(diào)罕見與異類，有

“奇怪的”之意,peculiarto；specific與general相對(duì),多作“具體的”講，也有

獨(dú)特的之意,specificquality

buoyn浮標(biāo)，浮筒；使浮著；鼓勵(lì)，支持releasebuoy失事浮標(biāo)

buoy用作“支持，振作，鼓勵(lì)”講時(shí)要接up,buoyup

fumen[pl]（難聞，有害，濃烈的）氣體，煙，汽；發(fā)怒，煩惱

v熏，冒（煙，汽）；發(fā)怒，怒氣沖沖地說

Theatmospherewasbeingpoisoned,everygreenthingblighted,andevery

streamfouledwithchemicalfumesandwaste.大氣變得有毒，綠色植物枯萎了，每

條小河都被化學(xué)煙塵和廢棄物污染。liberaladj寬容大方的；慷慨的，大方的；自由

的，隨便的；開朗的

Themillionairemadealiberaldonationtothecharity.

liberalismn寬容，自由主義，開明的思想或見解

handle,manipulatehandle運(yùn)用面較廣，暗指操縱的人具有駕馭能力；manipulate表

示技巧來操縱，有時(shí)還有使用不光明的手段這層貶義manipulatethestockmarket.

enlistv入伍，征募；贏得；參加

ManymenwereforcedtoenlistinthearmyduringWorldWarII.

Thestudentenlistedafullsupervisionofaprofessorindoingthis

research,enlist做參軍講時(shí)，后面要接in

incontrast相反

embracev抱，環(huán)繞；包含；接受；信奉n擁抱，懷抱；包圍；信奉

Withoutseeinghimforalongtime,nowIhaveastrongimpulsetoembrace

him.

Oursubjectseemstoembracemanymatters.

intermediateadj中間的，居中的；中級(jí)的，中等程度的

IthinkyoucantakeanintermediatelanguagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.

intermediate,middle,medium,mid

intermediate指位置的中間，常用來指中間人或中等水平，如：anintermediate

stage;middle是正中央的，如：themiddleofaroom；medium常用于媒介，兩者之

間,mediumoftransportation;mid直接放在名詞前,如：themidfinger.

bumpv碰撞，撞擊；顛簸的行駛n碰撞，腫塊

bumpinto：IbumpedintoJuliaattheschoolgatelastweek.

Thecarbumpeddownthemountainroad.

teemv充滿，充足；下大雨

Thesoilhasbeenmadetoteemwithgrainbythetillageoffarmers,teem

with充滿了…

cometoexistence

Whendidthisworldcomeintoexistence?existentadj存在的，目前的，現(xiàn)行的

highlightn最有意思的部分；繪畫，攝影等上的亮部；

vt使突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)

Timputemphasisonthehighlightofhislengend.

generalizev概括，歸納，泛論

Thescientistsgerneralizeduponthepreviousresearches.

generalized???from從...總結(jié)出來

distractby/with被….分散注意力

trivialadj不重要的,瑣屑的，無價(jià)值的Forgettingtrivialthingsmay

sometimesbethefirstsignofAlzheimer'sdisease,researchsuggests.

upgradevt提高某人（某事物）的級(jí)別或等級(jí)，提高…檔次n提高

colloquialadj口語的，用于口語的，口語體的

Thecolloquialexpressionscanbefoundindailycommunication.

colloquialism俗話，白話，口語

cloutn敲打；【口】影響力，勢力；vt敲擊，掌擊

LouisfetchedBlackacloutthatknockedhimdownthestairs.

commemoratevt慶祝，紀(jì)念

Weshouldcommemoratethosewhohadlosttheirlivesforourcountry.

milestonen里程碑；重大事件

Theyear2000wasamilestoneinthecourseofChina，sdevelopment.

deserts應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)賞

detainvt拘留,扣押；耽擱

Thegroupofsixteenhavebeendetainedsince1991whentheyenteredHK,

detain,delay,hinder,impededetain常指長時(shí)間的終止，也可能是永久的終

止；

delay主要指使進(jìn)程或行動(dòng)放慢,如：Iwasdelayedbythestorm;

hinder表示組止，可以是主動(dòng)干預(yù)，也可以是由于突發(fā)事件或客觀情況導(dǎo)致的，如：

Badweatherhinderedthemilitaryoperation.

impede強(qiáng)調(diào)妨礙，有時(shí)帶有強(qiáng)迫放慢的意味，如：Thecrowdsatthesceneofthe

accidentimpededthearrivaloftheambulance.

proclaimvt宣布,宣告

Thegovernmentproclaimedthatitwouldreducethetaxrate.

scornn輕蔑，蔑視；輕蔑、嘲笑的對(duì)象v輕蔑，蔑視

Tonytoldmethathescornedsuchdespicablebehavior.

stirv攪和，攪拌；使輕輕移動(dòng)，動(dòng)；激起；使激動(dòng)

n攪拌，騷動(dòng)

Theseaisstirredbythewindandbecomeschoppy.

Allmusichasthisfeature:itisbaseduponthepowerofsoundtostirour

sensesand

feelings.

Hisscientificfictionsoldmanycopiesandcausedahugestir.

scrutinyn細(xì)查，詳審

AsGooglecomesunderscrutinyoveritsprivacypoliciesinEurope,we

lookedattheinformationatsearchenginesholdaboutusasusers.

libertyn自由，解放；冒昧；［pl］特權(quán)，特殊待遇

atliberty:Studentshavetherighttoborrowthebooksinthelibraryat

liberty,takethelibertytodosth冒昧地做某事atliberty自由的，隨意的；有

空，閑著

faculty:n天賦，才能；（大學(xué)的）系，科，學(xué)院；（院系的）全體教師，（某一職

業(yè)的）全體從業(yè)人員

Idon'tventuretodoubtthesincerityofyourcompassion,thoughitcomes

ratherlate,butyouseemtolackthefacultyofobservation.

overdue:adj延誤的，過期的

Thesystemisoutofcontrolandcomprehensivereformsareoverdue.

consistof由…組成consistin在于???.

dishonourn恥辱，丟臉（的人，事）vt使受恥辱，使丟臉；拒絕承兌（支票）

Hisbehaviorbroughtdishonouronourwholeclass.

dishonourable：adj不名譽(yù)的，不光彩的，可恥的

underminevt損毀….的地基；削弱；逐漸摧毀

InternationaleffortstoisolateSerbiahavebeenunderminedbyships

carryingoilandotherillegalsuppliesfromtheBlackSearegion.

crispadj:脆的，硬而易碎的；清新的，爽快的；（態(tài)度等）干脆明確的

Uisreplytomeiscrispandassured.

crouchn蹲伏，蜷縮，屈（膝），（低）頭Shecrouchedbythefiretogetwarm.

beyondone'sgrasp力量達(dá)不到；不能為某人所理解

withinone飛grasp力量達(dá)得到，能為某人所理解

inprogress在進(jìn)行中progressive不斷前進(jìn)的，先進(jìn)的，v進(jìn)行式的；n進(jìn)步人士

atadisadvantage處于不利地位

tothedisadvantageofsb/toone'sdisadvantage吃虧的，不利的

Itwouldbetoyourdisadvantagetobuythathousenow,becauseitmightbe

muchcheaperoneyearlater.

disadvantageousadj不利的，蔑視的

citev引用，引證，舉例

Marycitedlotsoffiguresasevidenceofhernewtheory.

shriek,cry,shout,scream

cry：多因恐懼，驚奇等大叫；shout多因高興或喚起注意等，如：Heshoutedfor

joy.;shriek指由于恐怖，憤怒或大笑而高聲尖叫，強(qiáng)調(diào)刺耳；scream指由于痛苦、

快樂、恐懼等尖叫。

peculiaradj奇怪的，怪癖的；獨(dú)特的，特有的

peculiarto:Thesefoodispeculiartothesouthernprovinces.特有的

kowtowvi:磕頭,順從，惟命是從

Thecouplekowtowedtoeachotherwhen

theymarriedinancienttime.

disloyaladj:不忠實(shí)的,背叛的

Thatwasdisloyalofyoutoleavemeoutthere.

glowvi:發(fā)白熱光；容光煥發(fā)n白熱光；光輝；激情；熱烈，興高采烈

Atnight,theflameinthetowngaveoffaradioactiveglowwhichcouldbe

seenformiles.

dreadn/v畏懼；厭惡；擔(dān)憂Iclosedmyeyesindread.

ThelittlegirldreadstobelonelySpeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread,

indreadof害怕...

dread,fear,horror,fright

dread通常指因?yàn)楹ε履撤N傷害或不幸而產(chǎn)生的極度恐懼的心情；

fear比較常見，可以指輕微的傷害，也可以指極度的恐懼；

horror表示極度的恐懼，如：Hewasfilledwithhorroratthesight;

fright表示外界的威脅產(chǎn)生的畏懼反應(yīng)，如：getafright

bailn保釋金；保釋v保釋其人；舀出船中的水

Fordcanbereleasedonbailofonehundreddollars.

sophisticaten老于世故的人v使（人）世故；使復(fù)雜，使精巧

Thesophisticatesintheofficedrinkblacktea;wehavecoffee.

Hisobscureanswersophisticatedthesituationandwedidn'tknowhowto

solveit.

sophisticatedadj老練的，高雅時(shí)髦的；復(fù)雜的；精細(xì)的，尖端的

accompanyvt伴隨，陪同；為….伴奏

Janetoldmesheneededsomeoneaccompanyhertotheairport,accompanywith

/by

beaccompanyby:由….伴隨，同時(shí)發(fā)生

contradictv否定；反駁；與….矛盾

Charlesdidnotcontradicthisteacher'scomment.

contradictto/with與…相矛盾,與….相違背

contradiction,controdictoryadj

besiegevt圍攻，包圍

Thegeneralcommandedhissoldierstobesiegethefortess.

squatv蹲踞，跪坐；（指動(dòng)物）蜷伏

Thepilotseesamansquatdownbesidehim.

mufflevt抑住聲音；蒙住頭部或眼睛

Janeheldherhandtohermouthtomufflehercrying.

signifyv意味，表明，表示；（以動(dòng)作）表示

Theimageofthedovesignifiespeaceandstabilization.

savageadj野蠻的，未開化的；兇猛的，殘酷的n野人，野蠻人

Manysavagetribesstillmakeuseofbowsandarrowsassurvivaltool,

abridgevt縮寫，縮短

Thatuniversityannounceditwouldabridgeits18weekssummersemesterinto

12weeks.

abridgefrom由…縮簡而成abridgementn縮短,刪節(jié)

idlev虛度，閑逛adj懶惰的；閑散的，無根據(jù)的

Wearenotsittingidle.Wearepreparedforeverything.

idleaway虛度時(shí)間,無所事事

idlyadv懶惰地,空閑地

idle,inactive,inert

idle虛度光陰，如：idlehands;inactive沒有活動(dòng)

inert強(qiáng)調(diào)自己沒有能力移動(dòng)或遲鈍的

grantvt同意，準(zhǔn)予（補(bǔ)助等）；授予（權(quán)利等）n同意，準(zhǔn)許，授予

takesthforgranted：Itistakenforgrantedthatthegovernmentcan

handleeverything.人們認(rèn)為政府理當(dāng)能處理所有事情。

grant,give,present

grant指授予，一般是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)的，如：grantpermission;

give最常用，無特殊含義；present特指贈(zèng)與，比較正式

grudgevt極度；吝惜，不愿給n妒忌；怨恨；嫌隙

ThegreatthingaboutLindaisthatshedoesn'tholdanygrudges.

Bytomorrowshe'llhaveforgettenallaboutit.

Thestepfatherofthepoorgirlgrudgedhertuitionmoney.

haveagrudgeagainstsb懷恨某人，和某人過不去

grudge指嫉妒所產(chǎn)生的怨恨；

hatred強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)烈的恨意和厭惡，程度更深

doctrinen信條，教條，主義；學(xué)說，原理；教誨

Thetwofriendsheldsimilardoctrinesabouthumanity.

doctrine,dogma,tenet

doctrine,般指建立在原則基礎(chǔ)上的理論并被人宣揚(yáng)；

dogma常指由權(quán)威人士傳下來的信念或理論被視為真理，帶有武斷的意味，Ifsa

dogmathatthekingcandonothingwrong;tenet指普遍相信的任何原則或主張,

沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)是否有人支持，如：basictenets

exile:vt流放，放逐,流亡；n流放，放逐；亡命者，流放者

Blackwasexiledfromthetownthirtyyearsago.

Clarkwasforcedtobecomeanexileforpoliticalreasons.

eject,exclude,exile,expel

都有逐出，排出之意，eject側(cè)重指用武力使某人離開某一地點(diǎn)或使某人辭職；exclude

意為“把某人排除在外”，防止某人進(jìn)入或參加某事,如:excludesbfrom

membership；exile一般指因?yàn)檎卧颍瑥?qiáng)迫某人離開祖國或家鄉(xiāng)，如：Theleader

wasexiledtoEngland;expel主要指強(qiáng)迫某人離開國家、學(xué)校、組織等，如：expel

aninvadero

glimpsen一瞥，隱約地閃現(xiàn)

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealingglimpsesofrurallifeinthe

19thcentury.

getaglimpseof：Gardencamebackhomeandthengotaglimpseofthethief

goingoutofthewindow.

defyvt:違抗；蔑視；激某人做

Theyoungmanseemedasifhewoulddefyallthings.

defysbtodosth挑撥某人做某事

repentv悔悟,悔改，悔恨

Themanrepentedofintemperatebehavioratthemeeting.

foregoingadj前面的；剛提到的，上述的Asmaybesupposed,theforegoing

articlehadanenormousechoamongscientificpeople.

levyv征收（稅等）

Tolevyhighertaxwill,tosomeextent,influencetheeconomy.

filthn骯臟，污物；粗話，下流話

Noonecouldstandthislifeoffilthanddeceitanylonger.

filthyadj骯臟，卑劣的；污穢的

wreckn失事的船只，殘骸；破滅，毀壞v摧毀，破壞

SalvageexpertssaidthewreckoftheSunvista,whichsankin65metresof

waterposesnothreattoshipspassingoverit.

interjectvt突然插話，打斷別人It'simpolitetointerjectothers'talk.

Thedesertedbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoashoppingmall.

convertinto/to將，..，轉(zhuǎn)化為…

conversationn轉(zhuǎn)變，變換；信仰的改變；兌換

convert,transform

convert主要用來表示某物為了起某種色用而發(fā)生的細(xì)節(jié)、屬性上的變化，如：Iron

isconvertintosteel;transform表示形式、外表或本質(zhì)的徹底改變，如：

transformheatintopower.

ornamentn裝飾品，飾物；裝飾vt裝飾，美化

Nowadaysmanymufflersweremoreforornamentthanforkeepingwarm.

dimensionn長（寬，高，厚）度，尺寸；（pl）面積，規(guī)模；程度；范圍；重要性；

特點(diǎn)，方面

Weneedtheweightanddimensionsoftheparcel,that'sheight,width,

andlength,andthevalueofthegoodsandthefulldescription.

dissidentn/adj持異議的（人），持不同政見的（人）

Thedissidentwasexiledtoasmallis1and.

situatevt使….建于或坐落在某處，使位于

Thegovernmentsituatedamonumentonthesquaretocommemoratethemartyrs,

tangibleadj確實(shí)的，真實(shí)的；可觸知的Itwasaforegoneconclusionthathe

wouldbesuspected;but,tomakeitasurethingtheremustbetangibleproof.

thawv（使）解凍，融化；變得溫和，無拘束n解凍（期），融雪（期）

Acupofteathawedtheguestout.

Theybecamegoodfriendsagainwithathawintheiroldgrudges.

locomogtiven火車頭adj移動(dòng)的，機(jī)動(dòng)的Thelocomotiveshedcollapsedinthe

rainstorm.

preyn獵物，犧牲品；捕食vi捕食；（疾病等）折磨，困擾

Manychildreninthecountrysidebecamethepreyofsuperstitionand

ignorance.

moderatev（使）和緩，變暖和，（使）減輕；節(jié)制

adj適度的，中等的；溫和的，有節(jié)制的

Oneshouldmoderatehisirritabletemperwhenheisinanger.

jerkn/v猛地?fù)u晃，急拉，急抽

Tomtriedtojerkawaythecomingbus,butitwastoolate.

disgracen丟臉，恥辱；失寵，失勢；vt使丟臉，受恥辱；失去地位

Manypeopleconsideredsuchbehaviorasadisgrace.

YouhavedisgracedmesothatIamashamedtomeetmyfriends.

fallintodisgracewithsb失寵于某人，失去某人的歡心

disgracefuladj丟臉的

consecutiveadj連續(xù)的，接續(xù)的

Ithasbeenrainingforthreeconsecutivedays.

mechanicsn力學(xué)，機(jī)械制造學(xué)；結(jié)構(gòu)，技巧

Themachanicsofmakingthechinaareverycomplicated.

antiqueadj古時(shí)的；古式的n古玩，古物Ifoundaninterestingantiquestore

onmywayhome.

uprootv將（植物）連根拔起，根除，滅絕Afootballteamistouprootfrom

itscurrenthomeandmovetoanewsiteforthestartofnextseason..

Thecurrectwaytomodernizeacultureistoreformitstraditionrather

thantouprootitstradition.

uprootsb/oneself(from…)迫使某人(自己)離開出生地或定居處

periln嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)；危險(xiǎn)的事物

Allthesoldierskeptcalminthehourofperil.

encirclevt環(huán)繞，包圍；繞行

Withoutevenaskingherifshecaredtodance,Campputouthisarmto

encircleherslenderwaist.

treasuresthupinone'smemory

immaterialadj不重要的，不相干的；非物質(zhì)的，非實(shí)體的，無形的