單元講稿1新起點大學英語第Unit1FoodandDrinks1.BeforeReadingDirections:Whatdoweeatinourdailydiet?Namethefollowingfoodanddrinks.Fruits,corn,fish,eggs,carrots,tomatoes,cucumber,cabbage,Sweets,chocolate,potatochipsRice,dumplings,noodles,cake,pizza,hamburgerCoffee,milktea,juice,Whisky,ram,liquor,vodka,cocktailVegetablescabbage,carrot,tomato,bean,garlic,pepper,cucumber,broccoli,onion,cauliflower,pumpkin,mushroomFruitapple,mango,pear,cherry,strawberry,lemon,coconut,peach,watermelon,lychee,pineapple,grapeMeatpork,beef,lamb,chicken,turkey,mutton,,fish,seafoodDirections:Whatfoodsarehealthyforusandwhatarejunkfood?Junkfood/Healthyfoodfriedchicken,chocolates,ice-cream,sugar,chips…Fruits,vegetables,fish,meat,noodles,dumplings…1.1.3WhatdoyouknowaboutwesternfoodandChinesefood?中國快餐(Chinesefastfood)燒餅Clayovenrolls油條Friedbreadstick水餃Boileddumplings饅頭Steamedbuns皮蛋1000-yearegg咸鴨蛋Saltedduckegg豆漿Soybeanmilk稀飯Riceporridge蛋炒飯Friedricewithegg地瓜粥Sweetpotatocongee餛飩面Wontonandnoodles米粉Ricenoodles臭豆腐Smellytofu蛋卷Eggrolls綠豆糕Beanpastecake肉丸Rice-meatdumplings西餐(Westernfood)Salad沙拉(涼拌菜)Fishpie魚餡餅Roastbeef烤牛肉Steak牛排Crackers咸餅干Mashedpotato土豆泥Cheese乳酪Porkchop豬排Chocolatepudding巧克力布丁McDonald麥當勞Hotdog熱狗Pizza比薩（意大利烘餡餅）Sandwich三明治Sausage香腸Ketchup番茄醬Doughnut面包圈Hamburger漢堡包奶昔Milkshake1.1.4GameTimeDividethestudentsintogroupsoffive.Givethefirststudentawordaboutfood,lethim/hertrytorememberitandspellitsecretlytothenextone.Ifthefifthstudentspellthewordcorrectly,thentheteamgetsOnescore.TheteamthatscoresTenfirstwillwin.mushroom蘑菇asparagus蘆筍

broccoli椰菜，花莖甘藍lettuce萵苣celery芹菜cauliflower花菜cherry櫻桃garlic-++-

garlic-++-

蒜gingerroottangerine橘子pomegranate石榴chillipepper尖椒persimmon柿子1.2Video-watchingWhataretheratsdoinginthekitchen?Whatdoesthedishremindthelong-facedcriticof?Doyoubelievethateveryonecanbecomeacook?GlobalReadingDirections:Scanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.Howdoyouunderstandfastfood?Whatisthekeytosuccessofthefastfoodchains?Whatfactorsinfluencepeople'sdietingpreferences?Whatisthepurposeoftheextensiveresearchconductedbyfastfoodcompanies?Inparagraph4,whatdoesasideorder”mean?WhatisThailand'sfavoritefastfood?InIndia,whyarethebeefandporknoteaten?WhatdoburgerchainsofferintheUnitedStates?WhatisthesituationofdiningoutinRussiabeforethechainrestaurantsopened?Canyoulistsomelocalfavoritesinyourhometown?TextStructurePartDivisionMainIdeasI1-2 Fastfoodchainsaresuccessfulandtheirkeytosuccessistailoringmenustosuitdifferenttastesandcultures.II3-10 FastfoodrestaurantMcDonald'sembracesthedifferentpreferencesanddesignsdifferentmenustoofferlocalfavoritesindifferentcountries.III11Fastfoodrestaurantsarereadyandwillingtosellpeopleanythingtheydesiretoeat.ParagraphPattern-FromgeneraltospecificDetailedReadingBackgroundInformationFrance:gooseliver,cheese,wineIndia:braisedbeefwithcurry,rotiprata,teawithmilkFOODLIKES:Food KFC;braisedbeefwithcurry（咖喱牛肉飯）；cheese;hamburger;rotiprata（拋餅）；gooseliverDrinks teawithmilk;wine;cola.SpecialsinDifferentCountriesFoodTabooAtaninformalmeal,thetablesettingisnotclutteredandalltheflatwareislaidonthetableatonetime.Atthehost'soptionthedessertutensilsmaybebroughttothetableonthedessertplate.Toavoidcutter,thegeneralruleforaanytablesettingistoincludenomorethanthreeaatplatedinnertheofsideeitheronutensilstime.Theexceptionistheoyster(orseafood)fork,whichmaybeplacedtotherightofthelastspoonevenwhenitisthefourthutensiltotherightoftheplate.Theinitialtablesettingforatypicalformaldinnershouldlooksomethinglikethis:AlcoholicsAnonymous(AA)isaninternationalmutualaidmovementwhichsaysitsprimarypurposeistostaysoberandhelpotheralcoholicsachievesobrietyfoundedin1935byBillWilsonandDr.BobSmith(BillW.andDr.Bob)inAkron,Ohio.FastFoodwithGlobalMenuDonnaO'MearaDoyouwantfrieswiththat?Justwhatis“that”?Itdependsonwhereyouareintheworld.Someofthemostsuccessfulglobalbusinessesontheplanetarefastfoodchains.Theirkeytosuccessistailoringmenustosuitdifferenttastesandcultures.Peoplearoundtheworldhaveverydifferentpreferencesinfood,andtheirdietsareinfluencedbygeography,localcustomsandreligiousrestrictions.Someculturesavoidcertainfoods,ortheywilleatthingsyouwouldn't.Fastfoodrestaurantshaveembracedthesedifferences.Forexample,McDonald'smaynotofferthesamemenutoRussiancustomersthatitdoestoJapanesecustomers,butpeopleinbothcountriesreceiveamealpackagedinpaperprintedwiththecompany'sidentifiable"M”.Fastfoodcompaniesconductextensiveresearchtotailormenusforregionaldifferences.So,inthebusycityofDubai,UnitedArabEmirates,wherepeople'sdietsareinfluencedbytheirMuslimbeliefs,McDonald'sservesuptheMcArabiaburger.WithgrilledmincedmeatcombinedwithonionsandArabianspices,theburgerisbasedonatraditionalfavoriteMuslimdinner.AndwhatdohamburgerrestaurantspeoplewhereJapan,likecountriesinserveprefertoeatfish,sushi,andrice?It'ssimple:theyofferahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofsteamedriceinsteadofFrenchfries.BurgerchainsofferlocalfavoritesthroughoutAsia.KoreanburgersareporkpattiescookedinatraditionalKoreanbarbecuegarlicsauce.Taiwanesedinersfavorspicychickendrumsticksandwiches,inlinewiththeirtastesforspicyfoodanddarkmeat.Thailand'sfavoritefastfoodisaspicyporkburgerandagreenteapiedessert.ChildreninSpainordertapas,alotofsmallbitesoflocalfoodfavorites,attheirlocalburgerrestaurant.AustraliaandNewZealandrestaurantsreflectlocalfoodpreferencesbyaddingegg,bacon,beetroot,andcheesetoburgers.InIndia,cowsareconsideredsacredandareneverkilled.BeefandporkarenoteatenasthiswouldbeaseriousoffencetoHindubeliefs.BurgersellersfacedahugechallengeinIndianlocalAIndians.formenusdesigningfavoriteistheChickenMcCurryPan,ablendoftomatosauce,mixedwithchicken,baked,andservedonspicedbreadandtoppedwithcheese.CanadianfastfoodchainsservesomethingthatlookslikeatraditionalCanadiandishconsistingofFrenchfriescoveredincheesecurdsandgravy.ThefavoriteinElSalvadoranburgerchains,isfilledwithmeatandcheese.Argentineansfavorsteaksandwichesbasedonalocalherbedsauce.BurgechainsintheUnitedStatesofferlocalfavorites,too.InNewMexico,youcangetpeppersonyoursandwich;breakfastburritosareservedthroughouttheSouthwest;andpineapple-toppedburgersareofferedinHawaii.BeforechainrestaurantsopenedinRussia,diningoutwaslimitedandnotalwaysapleasantexperience.Waiterswereusuallyrudetomanycustomers.Sowhenmorethan125fastfoodburgerrestaurantsopenedacrossRussia,athetorushedRussians30,000ofrecordopenings,linedup,andwaitedforhourstobuyhamburgersandFrenchfries,allbecausetheywereservedhappilywithasmileandathank-you.RussianpeoplefoundthistobeadelightfulexperienceandmadetheRussianfastfoodhamburgerbusinessthefifthlargestmarketinallofEurope.Thlistoflocalfavoritesaroundtheworldisendless.Onethingisforsure:Peopleliketoeat,andfastfoodrestaurantsarereadyandwillingtosellthemanythingtheydesire.So,ifbeingarestaurantentrepreneurisyourdream,you'dbetterstartplanningyourglobalmenunow.3.3UsefulExpressiondependonv.1）取決于2）依賴，依靠Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.萬物生長靠太陽。Whetherhewillcomedependsontheweather.他是否回來取決于天氣的原因。同義詞dependon;relyon;counton這組動詞的一般意義為“組成”或“構成”。dependon：取決于。relyon：依靠。counton：指望。Wecandependonhisarrivinghereontime.Youcanrelyonyoursolicitor'sprofessionalismindealingwiththehousepurchase.Thatwastheonlythingtheycouldcounton.你盡可依靠律師處理購房事宜。我們可以相信他會準時到來。那是他們唯一依靠的東西。LookatthegoldchainTimboughtforme,it'sverybeautiful.KFC是世界最有名的連鎖餐廳之一。看湯姆跟我買的金鏈子，它很漂亮。.chainn.shops/hotels連鎖店joinedrings鏈子KFCisoneofthemostfamouschainrestaurantsintheworld.Eachcountrymusttailoritsenergyplantoitsenergyresources.每一個國家都必須根據它們自己的能源資源來制定能源計劃。tailorv.makesomethingrightforyourneeds使合適n.someonewhomakesclothes裁縫Askthetailortolengthenmycoatbecauseitistooshortforme.讓裁縫把我的大衣放長些，我穿著太短了。Apolarbearhasapreferenceforcoldweather.北極熊喜歡寒冷的天氣。.preferencen.youliketohaveordoonethingratherthansomethingelse偏愛Ifyouwatchyourdiet,thenyouwon'thavetosufferthepainofgoingonadiet.如果你注意飲食，那么你就不須受節食之苦。dietn.thetypeandrangeoffoodthatyouregularlyeat日常食物，規定飲食Theswimmingclubisopentofamiliesintheneighborhoodwithoutrestriction.這個游泳俱樂部對鄰近地區的家庭開放，不受限制。restrictionn.Translationanofficialrulethatlimitswhatyoucandoorthatlimitstheamountorsizeofsomething限約束仿效；制.她熱情地接受了到歐洲旅行的建議。Heenfoldedthechildinanaffectionateembrace.他疼愛得把孩子緊緊摟在懷里。embracev.acceptitandstartsupportingitorbelievinginit包含，包括，接受n.hugsomebody擁抱SheeagerlyembracedtheofferofatriptoEurope.Nearlyallthechildrenareofferedsheltersfromtheirparents.I'llofferyou10poundsforthisbook.幾乎所有的小孩都能得到父母提供的庇護。offerv.someonesaystheywillgiveyouordoforyou.提供v.makeavailableforsale出價n.somethingoffered(asaproposalorbid)出提議,價?Translation我出10磅錢買你這本書。Topossessaconceptisnottoownsomeeasilyidentifiablearticle.持有一個概念并不是持有某個容易辨認的物品。identifiablea.Somethingorsomeonethatisidentifiablecanberecognized.可認明的，可識別的Recentlythepoliceconductsasurveyaboutreducingthecriminalrate.最近警察進行了一個減少犯罪率的調查。Copperconductselectricitybetterthanirondoes.conductv.進行……的事，引導，指揮，管理V.導電，傳熱n.行為Mr.Greenwillconducttheorchestra.unprofessionalofaccusedwasreporterTheconduct.格林先生將指揮這支管弦樂隊。那位記者被控有違反職業道德的行為。銅的導電性比鐵強。先生的學問博大精深。Theteacherhadbothextensiveknowledgeandprofoundscholarship.extensivea.coversorincludesalargephysicalarea.廣的，多方面的，廣泛的IfyoucangeteveryonetositatthetableI'mreadytoserveupthefood.serveupv.1）端上2）擔任SectionChairsmayserveuptothreeone-yearterms.小組的主席可以連任三屆。如果你讓每個人都入席了，我就上菜了。Comeabout4o'clock.We'llhavecocktailsandgrillsteaks.請四點鐘左右來，我們喝雞尾酒，吃烤牛排。grillv.cooksomethingusingverystrongheatdirectlyaboveorbelowit燒，烤2)n.apartofastovewhichproducesstrongheattocookfoodthathasbeenplacedunderneathit.烤架；烤肉；鐵格子TranslationPutthebreadunderthegrilltomakethetoastforbreakfast.把面包放在烤架下準備做早飯吃的吐司。Mincethemeatandtheonion.把肉和洋蔥剁碎吧。mincev.putitintoamachinewhichcutsitintoverysmallpieces.切碎n.meatwhichhasbeencutintoverysmallpiecesusingamachine.碎肉Generallyspeaking,Idon'tlikespicyfood.我一般不愛吃辛辣的食物。.spicya.stronglyflavouredwithspices.加了香料的；辛辣的Nowadaysmanyteenagersfavortorecognizefacebookastheirentertainment.現在的年輕人都喜歡將facebook作為他們娛樂的方法。favorv.youlikesomething喜愛，偏愛DetailedReading相關詞語favoritea.特別喜愛的n.特別喜愛的人或物Baseballismyfavoritesport.What'syourfavorite?壘球是我最喜歡的一項體育活動，你最喜歡什么活動？Hisideasonpoliticsareexactlyinlinewithmine.他的政治見解跟我的一致。inlinewith與?..一致Hersadlooksreflectedthethoughtpassingthroughhermind.我經常思考人生的美麗與復雜。她憂戚的面容反映出她內心的思想。Ioftenreflectonthebeautyandcomplexityoflife.reflectv.show反應think思考InIndiathecowisasacredanimal.在印度，牛是神圣的動物。sacreda.believedtobeholyandtohaveaspecialconnectionwithGod.神的，宗教的；不可侵犯的；神圣的aoroffenceofweaponaisgunaWhetherweaponofdefensedependsonwhichendofityouareat.槍是攻擊武器還是防御武器，要看你的目的而定。offencen.acrimethatbreaksaparticularlawandrequiresaparticularpunishment.犯罪，違反，冒犯，攻擊相關詞語offensivea.討厭的，攻擊性的，無禮的Youwillfinditdifficulttoexplainawayyouruseofsuchoffensivelanguage.你使用這樣無禮的語言是很難說得過去的。Wewillbuildourdefensesbeyondchallenge,lestweaknessinvitechallenge.challengen.v.挑戰懈怠會帶來麻煩。，我們要防患于未然.Theyhadchallengedandbeatenthebestteamintheworld.他們曾向世界上最強的球隊挑戰并將他們打敗。根據原子理論，所有的元素都是由原子所組成的。Accordingtothetheoryofatomsallelementsconsistofatoms.22.consistof由……組成辨析consistof;bemadeupof;becomposedofconsist是不及物動詞，consistof不可用于被動語態。bemadeupof和becomposedof指由…組成，用于被動語態。Thebookis 25units.該書由25個單元組成。Thehouse6rooms.這個房子有六個房間。Practiceconsistsofcomposedof/madeupofDetailedReading辨析compose;consistof;comprise;constitute這組動詞的一般意義為“組成”或“構成”。compose：在表示“由……材料構成”時，見于被動語態；在用于主動語態時，一般它所表示的“構成”或“組成”總包含著融合為一，而且主語或者是復數名詞或者是集體名詞。consistof:含義與被動語態的compose相同。Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子與水摻和而構成。England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士構成大不列顛島。Thoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,itwasveryeffective.雖然那件化裝服裝僅由一條床單組成，但效果很好。辨析.compose;consistof;comprise;constitutecomprise：在表示“構成”時的內涵是“包括”或“覆蓋”constitute：主語可以是復數名詞也可以是單數名詞，所“構成”的事物在屬性和特征上，亦或在組織上，與組成成分是一致的Thesehousesdonotcomprisesallhisproperty.這些房產并沒有構成他的全部財產。Thecommitteecomprisesmenofwidelydifferentviews.這個委員會由見解甚為懸殊的人組成。Thisgrowingpovertyinthemidstofgrowingpovertyconstitutesapermanentmenacetopeace.在這種不斷增長的貧困中正在增長著的貧困，構成了對和平的永久的威脅。Sevendaysconstitutesaweek.七天構成一個星期。Evidencebasedonthereportsofothersratherthanthepersonalknowledgeofawitnessandthereforegenerallynotadmissibleastestimony.傳聞證據證人根據別人講述的內容而不是本人所了解的情況作出的證詞，因此一向不作為可接受的證據。baseonv.基于Lineupthesemenandseeifthewitnesscanrecognizethecriminal.把隊伍排整齊他們就能拿到票了。將這些人排成一行，看看目擊者是否能認出罪犯。Tolineupthecrowdandtheywillgetthetickets.lineup1）排隊2）整齊，對齊Hewaswillingtolaydownhislifeforhiscountry.他愿意為祖國犧牲他的生命。bewillingto愿意彼得認為，企業家的職能是革新。InSchumpeter'sview,thefunctionoftheentrepreneurwasinnovation.entrepreneurn.apersonwhosetsupbusinessesandbusinessdeals.企業家；主辦人3.4DifficultSentencesDoyouwantfrieswiththat?Justwhatisthat?Itdependsonwhereyouareintheworld.Whatyoueatfrieswithdependsonyourlocationintheworld.你想用炸薯條搭配“那個”一起吃嗎？“那個”是什么？這取決于你位于世界何處。Itdependsonwhereyouareintheworld.是一個由where引導的賓語從句，其中It指代““那個”是什么？”，“那個”又源于首句“你想用炸薯條搭配“那個”一起吃嗎？”。三句結合，才能理解作者意思。采用疑問句開篇，引起讀者興趣。.Just用法地道。that與which,where與in/at/on/...whichThisisthefactorywhere/inwhichyouworkedlastyear.關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以用關系副詞where或inwhich,因為定語從句中worked是不及物動詞。Thisisthefactorythat/which/youvisitedlastyear.關系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因此用that或which，還可以省略，visited是及物動詞。McDonald'smaynotofferthesamemenutoRussian customersthatitdoestoJapanesecustomers 麥當勞公司就不會把提供給俄羅斯顧客的菜單照搬到日本……ThemenuMcDonald'sofferstoRussiancustomersisdifferentfromthemenuitofferstoJapanesecustomers thesame弓［導的同位語從句，由于與that句中搭配，采用does簡略表示，只將不同之處即賓語寫出即可。thesameas與thesamethat者^可以接從句，as從句中說明的名詞與thesame修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。that從句中說明的名詞與thesame修飾的名詞是同一個。例如：HeiswearingthesamecoatasTom.他穿的衣服和湯姆的是一模一樣的，但不是同一件。ThisisthesamecoatthatTomlostyesterday.這就是昨天湯姆丟掉的那件衣服，是同一件。WithgrilledmincedmeatcombinedwithonionsandArabianspices,theburgerisbasedonatraditionalfavoriteMuslimdinner.這種漢堡來源于傳統的穆斯林食品，餡料是烤肉末加洋蔥和阿拉伯香料。favoritetraditionalaonbasedisburgerTheMuslimdinner.IthasgrilledmincedmeatcombinedwithonionsandArabianbinedwithonionsandArabianspices修飾meat。整個前半句為with引導的獨立主格結構，這種結構雖然主要用作狀語，但可以表示伴隨、方式、原因、結果等各種復雜的情況。結構：with+名詞（代詞）+介詞短語/形容詞/副詞/名詞/現在分詞/過去分詞/不定式Hesattherethinking,withhischinonhishand.他手托下巴，坐在那兒沉思。Hestaredathisfriendwithhismouthwideopen.他張大嘴巴凝視著他的朋友。ThestupidEmperorwalkedintheprocessionwithnothingon.這位愚蠢的皇帝一絲不掛地行進在游行隊伍中。Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl.他去世的時候，女兒還是個中學生。.Shestoodtherechattingwithherfriend,withherchildplayingbesideher.她站在那兒跟朋友閑聊，孩子在旁邊玩。ThegoalkeeperleftJapanwithhisflawslaidbare．這位守門員離開了日本，而他的缺點卻暴露無遺。With10minutestogo,you'dbetterhurry.還有十分鐘，你最好快一點。 theyofferahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofsteamedriceinsteadofFrenchfries.他們制作了炸蝦漢堡，配以蒸熟的米飯而不是薯條。 theyofferahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofsteamedrice,insteadofofferingahotfriedshrimpburgerwithasideorderofFrenchfries.DetailedReadingwithasideorderofsteamedriceinsteadofFrenchfries為with弓［導的復合結構，此處用作后置定語。sideorder:n.anamountoffoodthatarestaurantservesyouatthesametimeasthemaincourseofamealbutonaseparateplate主菜之外附帶加的菜Iwouldlikeasideorderoffriedonion.我想再另點一些油炸洋蔥。insteadof:inplaceof;butnot代替；而不（常跟名詞，代詞或動名詞）Ihavecomeinsteadofmybrother.Heisill.我代替我哥哥來，他病了。AlocalIndianfavoriteistheChickenMcCurryPan,ablendoftomatosauce,mixedwithchicken,baked,andservedonspicedbreadandtoppedwithcheese.當地印度人最愛吃的是咖喱雞肉餅，把雞肉和番茄醬混合后再進行烘烤，然后搭配加了香料的面包，最后在雞肉餅上放一些奶酪。AlocalIndianfavoriteistheChickenMcCurryPan.Itisablendoftomatosauce,mixedwithchicken,baked,thenservedonspicedbread,finallytoppedwithcheese.ablendoftomatosauce為ChickenMcCurryPan的同位語，之后幾個過去分詞做了定語，闡述了肉餅的制作過程，是對前半句中theChickenMcCurryPan的解釋。4.AfterReading取決于dependon成功的秘訣keytosuccess例如forexample一樣thesame提供serveupcombinewith合起來…把更喜歡preferto而非insteadof與…一一致inlinewith許多alotof巨大挑戰ahugechallenge由…混合而成ablendof混合mixwith看起來像looklike包括consistof用…填滿fill…with基于baseon至U餐館吃dineout排隊lineup增力口addto4.AfterReadingSummaryWhatyoueatfrieswithyourlocationintheworld.Althoughpeoplehavefastfoodrestaurantshavethesedifferences.They Burgermenus.toresearchextensivechainslocalfavorites.BurgersellersfacedahugeindesigningmenusinIndiawherecowsareconsideredBeefandporkarenoteatenasthiswouldbeaserious.Soaoftomatosauce,chicken,etc.is .WhenfastfoodburgerrestaurantsopenedacrossRussia,30,000Russiansandwai