2021-2022年山東省聊城市大學英語6級大學英語六級學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.HowSATSWork

Testsareafactoflifethroughoutourschoolcareers,butoneofthemostimportant,and,tosome,thescariest,ofthemallistheSAT—thatthree-hourexamthat'ssupposedtomeasureahighschoolstudent'schanceofacademicsuccessinthefirstyearofcollege.SomecollegesconsiderSATscoresmajorfactorsintheiradmissionprocess,whileothersviewhighschoolacademicperformance,alongwithrecommendationsandextracurricularactivities,equally,orevenmoreimportantly.Nomatterwhereyou'reheaded,ifyou'reahighschoolstudent,theSATisimportanttoyoubecausemostcollegesrequirestudentstoreporteitherSATorACTAssessmentscores.

WhatIstheSAT?

Firstofall,SATnolongerstandsforScholasticAptitudeTest(學術性傾向測驗),theoriginalnameofthetestwhenitwasintroducedin1941.Althoughyoumaystillseethatnameoccasionally,theCollegeBoard,thenot-for-profiteducationalassociationthatsponsorstheSATS,decidedtolettheacronymstandonitsownasawayofaddressingcontroversyaboutthemeaningoftheword"aptitude".TheCollegeBoardalsorejectedthealternative"ScholasticAssessmentTest".(Englishteachersprobablypointedoutthatthisnamewasredundant,sinceassessmentmeanstest.)

TheSATImeasuresverbalandmathreasoningabilitiesthatyou'vedevelopedthroughoutyourschoolyears.Themultiple-choicetest,developedbythenot-for-profitEducationalTestingService,isintendedtoletstudentsdemonstratetheirverbalandmathabilitieswithoutregardtothekindofschoolingthey'vehad.AccordingtotheCollegeBoard,thetestlooksforastudent'sabilitytounderstandandanalyzewrittenmaterial,todrawinferences,todifferentiateshadesofmeaning,todrawconclusionsandsolvemathproblems—allskillsthatarenecessaryforsuccessincollegeandtheworkworld.

TheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT)Assessment,whichwasintroducedin1959,isanalternativetotheSATthatvirtuallyallcollegesanduniversitiesnowaccept.Developersofthetesttoutitforitscurriculum-basedquestions,sayingthattheirtestismoredirectlyrelatedtowhatisactuallytaughtinhighschool.

What'stheSATII?

ThenewerSATII:SubjectTests,formerlytheCollegeBoardAchievementTests,areintendedtomeasureastudent'sknowledgeofaparticularsubject,suchasEnglish(writingorliterature),historyandsocialsciences,mathematics(variouslevels),sciences,andlanguages(Chinese,French,German,modernHebrew,Italian,Japanese,Latin,Spanish,English).SomecollegesrequireoneormoreSATIItests,buteveniftheyaren'trequired,SATIItestsscorescanhelpyoupresentamorepersonalizedportfoliothatillustrateshowwellyouwouldfitataparticularschool.MostcollegesuseSATIIscoresnotforadmissionpurposesbutforprogramplacementandcounseling.SATIItestsaregivenonaslightlydifferentschedulefromtheSATI.Generally,SATIItestsarconehourlongandconsistofmultiplechoicequestions.Thereareexceptions.Forexample,theWritingTesthas40minutesofmultiple-choicequestionsanda20-minutewritingsample.

Todecidewhichsubjecttestshouldbetaken,first,,makealistofallthecollegesyou'reconsidering.ThenreviewtheircatalogsorwebsitestofindoutiftheyrequireSubjectTestscoresforadmissionand,ifso,whichones.Useyourlistofcollegesandtheiradmissionrequirementstohelpplanyourhighschoolcourseschedule.Forexample,acollegetowhichyouplantoapplymayrequirealanguageSubjectTestscoreormightexemptyoufromafirst-yearcourserequirementifyoudowellonalanguageSubjectTest.

Inaddition,theCollegeBoardwebsitecanbesearchedforinformationaboutSubjectTestrequirementsatspecificcolleges.

WhenIstheSATTaken?

General

A.measurewhetherastudent'sabilitycanbesuccessfulinthefirstyearofcollege

B.evaluatehighschools'educationqualitythroughoutthecountry

C.helpimprovetheeducationincollegethroughoutthecountry

D.measurehighschoolstudents'chanceofafruitfullife

2.

WhenEarthbegantotakesolidform,therewasnowateroriceonitssurfacebecause______.

3.

Theculturallypatterned______aredifferentintheUnitedStates,JapanandIndia.

4.

Apersonmightneeda______amountof2,000caloriestomaintainahealthycondition.

5.

Thedifficultywithelectronicwasteandmanyotherproductsisthat______theproductsand______thecomponentmaterialsisaverydifficultandexpensiveprocess.

6.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

EarthWillSurviveGlobalWarming,ButWillWe?

Thenotionthathumanactivity,ortheactivityofanyorganism,canaffectEarthonaplanetaryscaleisstillahardoneformanypeopletoswallow.Anditisthiskindofdisbeliefthatfuelsmuchofthepublicskepticismsurroundingglobalwarming.

ApollconductedlastsummerbythePewResearchCenterfoundthatonly41percentofAmericansbelievetheburningoffossilfuelscausesglobalwarming.ButinameetingthisweekinParis,officialsfrom113nationshaveagreedthatahighlyanticipatedinternationalreportwillstatethatglobalwarmingwas"verylikely"causedbyhumanactivity.Theideathatbiologycanaltertheplanetinbroadanddramaticwaysiswidelyacceptedamongscientists,andtheypointtoseveralprecedentsthroughoutthehistoryoflife.

Themightymicrobes

Human-causedglobalwarming--alsocalled"anthropogenic"globalwarming--isthelatestexampleoflifealteringEarth,butitisnotthemostdramatic.

ThattitleprobablygoestotheoxygenationofEarth'searlyatmospherebyancientmicrobesastheybegantoharnessthepowerofsunlightthroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).

Humans"arehavingastrongeffectonglobalgeochemicalcycles,butitdoesnotcompareatalltotheadventofoxygenicphotosynthesis,"saidKatrinaEdwards,ageo-microbiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia(USC)."Thatwasacatastrophicenvironmentalchangethatoccurredbefore2.2billionyearsagowhichwreakeditsfullwrathontheEarthsystem."

Edwardsstudiesanotherwaylifeimpactstheplanetinlargelyunseenways.Shefocusesonhowmicrobeslivingonthedarkoceanfloortransform.mineralsthroughakindofunderwaterpower.

"Thesemicrobesarecompletelyoffradarintermsofglobalbiogeochemicalcycles,"EdwardstoldLive-Science."Wedon'tconsiderthemaspartoftheEarthsystemrightnowinourcalculationaboutwhat'sgoingon,andwedon'tconsiderthemintermsofhowtheEarthsystemwillmoveforwardintothefuture."

Thesereactionsarestronglyinfluencedbylifeandhavebeenoccurringforbillionsofyears,foraslongastheoceanshavebeenoxygenatedandtherehavebeenmicrobesinhabitingtheseafloor,Edwardssaid.

CreatingEarth

Onland,microbes,andinparticularaform.ofbacteriacalledcyanobacteria(固氮藍藻),helpkeepsoilinplaceandsuppressdust.

"We'dcertainlyhavemoreduststormsanditwouldnotbeanywhereasniceonEarthiftheyweren'taround,"saidJayneBelnap,aresearcherwiththeUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.

Scientistsbelievethetinylife-formsperformedthesamerolesonearlyEarth."Oneofthebigproblemsforgeologistsisthat,OK,youhavethisbigballofrock,thesoilisweatheringoutandyouhavetheseferociouswinds.Whatintheworldisholdingthesoilinplaceasitweathersoutoftherocks?"Belnapsaidinatelephoneinterview."Cyanobacteriaarealsocreditedwiththatfunction."

Themicrobesanchoredsoiltotheground;thiscreatedhabitatsforlandplantstoevolveandeventuallyforustoevolve."TheyliterallycreatedEarthinasense,"Belnapsaid.

"Cyanobacteriaarejustlike'it',"shecontinued."I'vebeentellingeverybodytomakeasmallaltarandoffersacrificeseverynight.Weowethemeverything."

Asnowba

A.Americanpeople.

B.People'sactivity.

C.Industryactivity.

D.Developedcountries.

7.WhichofthefollowinggraphmostaccuratelydescribesCanadiancodcatchesfrom1950to1992______.

A.

B.

C.

D.

8.AccordingtoMr.deWahl,whyisJoostignoringthetwobusinessmodels?

A.AllpeoplearenotfondofsimplywatchingTV.

B.TheyareirrelatedwithpleasuresderivedfromwatchingTV.

C.TheyarethesameasthepracticesthatTVhaslongbeenusing.

D.JoostwantsaninnovativebusinessmodeldifferentfromYouTube.

9.

AccordingtoStatisticsCanada,mostCanadianseniorsover65______.

A.movetotheirchildren'splace

B.liveindependentlyuntiltheydie

C.joinmeaningfulprivately-sponsoredactivities

D.becometheresponsibilityofthegovernment

10.

AccordingtoEuropeanconcepts,aFrencharchitectdesignedamodemIndiancity,named______.

11.

Learningaboutacountry'scultureisashowofrespectandisalwaysdeeplyappreciated.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Theexactprocedures,bywhichonecantellwhetherenoughpainthasbeenapplied,arerevealedinthistext.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

BesidesSanFrancisco,______isalsoFrechtling'sfavoritecitytovisit.

14.

Thevolcanicactivitiesinvolvenowaterinanyform.becausethetemperatureissohigh.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

IfpeoplewanttospendtheirholidaysclimbingthemountainsandtakingawalkinWales,theyshouldgoto______.

16.

Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto______.

17.

Urbancenterslocatedalongriversresultinthefactthat______.

18.

Thecandidateinfrontofyouwillleave______minutesbeforeyouareinterviewed.

19.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecrazeforAuto-TunewhichtrendyCherstarted?

A.Itfadedsoon.

B.Itlastedformanyyears.

C.Itmadeengineerslazy.

D.Itharmedpeople'screativity.

20.

Scientistshaveexertedgreateffortstosearchotherplanetsforanylifeforms.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(24)

A.Markthelatesthomeworkassignment.

B.Putacancellationnoticeontheclassroomdoor.

C.Makeanappointmentwiththedoctor.

D.Returnsomeexamstohisstudents.

22.聽力原文：M:Didyoutalkwithournewmanager?Heislookingforyouthesedays.Ithinkhehassomethingimportant.

W:Ihavebeenoutoftownfor2days.AnduntilthismorningIcomeback.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(17)

A.Shehasbeenathome.

B.Thenewmanagerwasnotintheoffice.

C.Shehasn'ttalkedwiththenewmanageryet.

D.Shedidn'twanttotalkwiththenewmanager.

23.【B1】

24.

【B2】

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:IwenttoNewYorkyesterday,butIforgottocallBarry.

W:Barrywouldn'thavebeenthereanyway.HeisaneconomistinCalifornianow.

Q:Whatinformationdoesthemanfindout?

(12)

A.BarrynolongerlivesinNewYork.

B.Barrydoesn'tknowhowtoeconomize.

C.ThewomancalledBarryinCalifornia.

D.Thewomandidn'tevermeetBarry.

26.【B3】

27.聽力原文：W:HiTim!Howareyou?

M:Fine,thankyou.

W:I'dbeenwonderingwhenI'drunintoyou.Haveyoubeenherelong?

M:Iarrivedyesterday,onSunday.Howaboutyou?

W:Igothereafewdaysago,onSaturday.No—waitaminute,what'stoday?—SorryFriday,notSaturday.

M:Butwedidn'thavetobeheretilltoday.

W:Yes,Iknow,butIwantedtogetmythingsmovedintomyroom,andjusttakealookaround.So,didyoudecidetodoEnglishintheend?

M:No,Ichangedmymindandoptedforhistoryinstead.Andyou'redoingbiology,ifIremembercorrectly.

W:Yes,althoughtostartwithIcouldn'tdecidebetweenthatandgeography.

M:Howmuchreadinghaveyougot?Iwasgivenanamazinglylonglistofbookstoread.See!

W:Wow,itdoeslookprettylong.

M:Well,Icounted57.Icouldhardlybelieveit!What'syourlistlike?

W:Well,it'snotaslongasyours,butthereare43altogether.Idon'tknowhowI'mgoingtogetthroughthemall.

M:Wellyoudon'thavetoreadthemallthisweek!Youjusthavetostayaheadofthelecturesandseminars.Haveyougotyourclassscheduleyet?

W:Yep.Itcamewiththereadinglist.When'syourfirstlecture?

M:Tuesday.Howaboutyou?

W:Thedayafter.It'smybusiestday;I'vegottwolecturesinthemorningandoneintheafternoon.

(23)

A.Tuesday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.D.Sunday.

28.(38)

29.(25)

A.Becausethesmokingactorsinthemovieshavegood-lookingbodies.

B.Becausethemoviesshowthatsmokingisnecessaryforsocialactivities.

C.Becausethemoviesconveythatsmokingenhancestheimageofaman.

D.Becausetheactorstelltheaudiencethatsmokingcausesnoharm.

30.(31)

A.Christ'slastsupper.

B.Apopularfilm.

C.Alegendarystory.

D.Alocalcustom.

31.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forinstance,inAmericanculture,thesmileistypicallyanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotherfunctions.Asmilemayshowaffection,conveypoliteness,ordisguisetruefeelings.Itisalsoasourceofconfusionacrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevensuspiciousbehavior.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces.SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplace;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon'tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsiancultures,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoveremotionalpainorembarrassment.

Ourfacesrevealemotionsandattitudes,butweshouldnotattemptto"read"peoplefromanothercultureaswewould"read"someonefromourownculture.Thedegreeoffacialexpressivenessoneexhibitsvariesamongindividualsandcultures.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturalrestraintsontheamountofnon-verbalexpressivenesspermitted.

Ifwejudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionsaredifferentaccordingtoourownculturalnorms,wemaymakethemistakeof"reading"theotherpersonincorrectly.

(27)

A.Themeaningoffacialexpressionsdependsonsituations.

B.Facialexpressionscancausemisunderstandingacrossculture.

C.Peoplefromoneculturemaylackfacialexpressionsbecausetheyexperiencelessemotion.

D.Facialexpressionsmaydisguisetruefeelings.

32.(32)

A.Agricultureintheindustrializedworld

B.Cultivatedcrops.

C.Theassociationbetweenrosesandhumans.

D.Thediscoveriesofcertaingrasses.

33.

【B8】

34.(21)

A.Theyshowgreaterinterestinscandalsthantruth.

B.Theyhelpyoungactorsandactressesestablishtheirfame.

C.Theyareinterestedinthespreadoffalseinformationaboutcelebrities.

D.Theyignorethejournalisticethicstheyshouldactupon.

35.【B6】

36.(14)

A.Attendingtheparty.

B.Visitingsomefriends.

C.Studyingforanexam.

D.Writingaletterofapology.

37.聽力原文：W:Roberthadworkedasasecretaryforthreeyears.Thenhebecameanewspaperman.Afterthathestartedwritingnovels.

M:Iknow.Andhehasbeandoingnothingelseeversince.

Q:Whatistheman'soccupationnow?

(13)

A.He'sasecretary.

B.He'sanovelist.

C.He'sanewspaperman.

D.He'saworker.

38.(46)

39.

【B5】

40.聽力原文：W:Wenowinterruptourregularschedulednewsprogramto(22)bringyouliveup-to-datecoverageonthecivilunrestinthenewlyformedcountryofKarnak,whereourmanStanFieldingisstationed.Stan...

M:ThisisStanFieldingreportinglivefromthesuburbsofthecapitalcity.Just20minutesago,rebelforceslaunchedthebiggestoffensiveagainsttherulinggovernmentinthe18-monthconflicthereinthiscountry.

W:Now,Stan,isthisasignthatthepeaceprocesshastotallyabandoned?

M:Well,sofar,(23)peacenegotiationshavefailed,andanyresolutiontoendthecivilwarappearsbleakatthismoment.Asyoucansee…whoa

W:Stan,Stan,areyouthere?

M:Uh,yes.Shelly.Asyoucanprobablyhearbehindme,rebelforcesarealsousingheavyartillerytopoundthepositionsofgovernmentforcesaroundthecitycentre.Rebelforcesareclosingin,and(24)it'sfearedthattheywillbeabletotakethecapitalbuildingbeforedaybreakwhere,itisbelieved,manygovernmentofficialsareholdingout.

W:Now,besidestheheavyfighting,whatotherpressingconcernsarethereforthecitizensofthecity?

M:Well,(25)sincethebeginningoftheconflict,starvationandlackofcleanwaterandadequateshelterhavebeenthebiggestdaffyobstaclesfacingthecitizensofthiswartorncountry.Itisbelievedthatover40000people,mostlychildren,havestarvedtodeath.Fortunately,noepidemicshavebrokenout,butthatisalwaysaconcernifthiswarlingerson.

W:Okay,thatwasStanFieldingreporting.Andwewillkeepyouup-to-dateasthisstorycontinuestounfold.

(23)

A.ThefallofKarnak'scapitalcityintothehandsoftherebelforces.

B.ThelatestdevelopmentsofanarmedrebellioninKarnak.

C.TheepidemicthathasjustbrokenoutinthecountryofKarnak.

D.ThepeacetalksbetweentherebelsandthegovernmentinKarnak.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Whatdoestheword"pirates"inthethirdparagraphmean?

A.Onewhorobsatseaorplundersthelandfromthesea.

B.Onewhomakesuseoforreproducestheworkofanotherwithoutauthorization.

C.Totake(something)bypiracy.

D.Tomakeuseoforreproduce(another'swork)withoutauthorization.

42.

TheaccesspartofADAisextremelycomplicated,so______.

A.thosegreedyattorneystakeitsadvantagetomakeprofit

B.ithaseffectivelyguaranteedtherightsofthosehandicapped

C.thereareinevitablysomeflaws

D.thehandicappedshownointerestsinitatall

43.

Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

A.Individual

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

44.

Accordingtotheauthor,thechallengeonAmericanstudentscomesfrom______.

A.theprogressionofglobalizationofeconomy

B.theimprovementofeducationinothercountries

C.thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.thefloodingofforeignstudents

45.

Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ChangesintheFrenchwayoflife.

B.Criticismofthenewlifestyle.

C.TheAmericanizationofFrance.

D.Featuresofthenewwayoflife.

46.

Intheworldofthecomics,happinessdependedon______.

A.acrazysenseofhumor

B.aloveoflife

C.alittlefaithandluck

D.cunningandcourage

47.

Theword"precedents"(Linel,Para.4)probablyrefersto______.

A.earlyactsformentofollowasexamples

B.particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportance

C.thingsthatmenshouldagreeupon

D.men'sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehavior.isevidenceofanobviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.Learningcouldnotoccurwithout,thefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.Constantpracticehassuchaneffectonmemoryastoleadtoskilfulperformanceonthepiano,torecitationofapoem,andeventoreadingandunderstandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehavior.demandsmemory,rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.Theabilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexistsdependsonmemory.Typically,thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedonrememberingmanyearlierexperiences.

Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryforataskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobeforgotten;andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynotseemobvious.Yet,dramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanbeseentobeadaptive.Inthissense,theabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedtohavesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeed,whenone'smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadstoseriousanxiety,forgetting.mayproducerelief.Nevertheless,anevolutionaryinterpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonlygradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.

Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallitspossibleaspects,itishelpfultoconsiderwhat.wouldhappenifmemoriesfailedtofade.Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintime,sinceoldmemoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout,providingcluesforinferringduration.Withoutforgetting,adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer,forexample,learnedbehavior.thatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeagomaynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)forgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.Thisforgettingseemstoservethatsurvivaloftheindividualandthespecies.

Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemoflimitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythroughforgetting.Intiffsview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorage(input)andforgetting(output).Indeed,thereisevidencethatthe.rateatwhichindividualsforgetsisdirectlyrelatedtohowmuchtheyhavelearned.Suchdataoffersgrosssupportofcontemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninput-outputbalance.

Fromtheevolutionarypointofview.

A.forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptive

B.ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasuddenhemustbeveryadaptive

C.thegradualprocessofforgettingisanindicationofanindividual'sadaptability

D.suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequences

49.

Toavoidlosinganypoints,______.

A.youhavetopurchaseacarfiveyearslater

B.you'dbetterpurchaseintheaccumulatinglimitation

C.youwillnevercomeclosetothelimitation

D.youhavetowastethetwoyearspoints

50.

TheauthortendstothinkthattheweeklymaidserviceoftheUCLAismeanttobe______.

A.beneficialB.innovativeC.appealingD.indulgent

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"icebox"hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns(酒館),andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halfoftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernfridge,hadbeaninvented.

Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary(未發展的).Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoarsemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappinguptheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.

"Butasearlyas1803,andingeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,Mooreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.

Whatisthetopicofthepassage?

52.

AccordingtothePara.2,whenitcomestogapyears,______.

A.thepopularityofgapyearsresultsfromanincreasingnumberofcharities

B.PrinceWilliamwasworkinghardduringhisgapyear

C.gapyearsarcnotasfashionableastheyweretenyearsago

D.awell-structuredgapyearisaguaranteeofuniversitysuccess

53.

Thekeypointofthepassageisthat

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

54.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Televisioneatsoutoursubstance.Mandercallsthisthemediationofexperience."WithTVwhatwesee,hear,touch,smell,feelandunderstandabouttheworldhasbeenprocessedforus."Whenwe"cannotdistinguishwithcertaintythenaturalfromtheinterpreted,ortheartificialfromtheorganic,alltheoriesoftheidealorganizationoflifebecomeequal."

Inotherwords,TVt