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精品文檔精品文檔PAGEPAGE6精品文檔PAGE高中英被解

一、被的構成形式

被的基本化

被通常十種的被形式,被由be+

去分構成,be隨的化而化。以do例,各種的被形式:

am/is/are+done(去分)一般在

Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.

2)has/havebeendone在完成

Allthepreparationsforthetaskhave

beencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.

3)am/is/arebeingdone在行

Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.

4)was/weredone一般去

IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherI

shouldrejecttheoffer.

5)hadbeendone去完成

Bytheendoflastyear,anothernew

gymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.

6)was/werebeingdone去行

AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.

7)shall/willbedone

begoingtobedone

beabouttobedone/betobedone一般將來

Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactory

closes.

8)should\wouldbedone

was\weregoingtobedone

was\wereabouttobedone

was\weretobedone去將來

Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier's

motherassoonasitarrived.

9)shall/willhavebeendone將來完成(少用)

例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.10)should/wouldhavebeendone去將來完成(少用)

Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadevery

soon.

11)情的被構。其形式:情+ be+去分

例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareof bythebaby-sitter.

12) 非的被

v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被(一般和完成)。

Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.

13)Itissaidthat+從句及其他似句型一些表示“據”或“相信”的如

believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+去分+that從句”

或“主+be+去分+todosth.。”有:

Itissaidthat 據?,Itisreportedthat ?據道,Itis

believedthat 大?家相信,Itishopedthat ?家希望,大Itiswell

known that?眾所周知,Itisthoughtthat 大家?,Itis

suggestedthat 據?建。

例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthe nationalexam.

(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthe nationalexam.)

被中的與主中的一致(上面的例)。假如主中的是行式,特注意;被中的

行式要用be-ing。例如:

主句:Mr.Smithiswritinganewstory-book.史密斯先生正寫一本新故事。

被句:Anewstor-bookisbeingwrittenbyMr.Smith.新故事正由史密斯先生來寫。

主句:Theworkersarerepairingthebridge.工人正在修。

被句:Thebridgeisbeingrepairedby

主句被句

(一)主被,要把主句中的被

句中的主;主句中的主在被句中作介“by”的,構成由“by”引起的短(個短在不施者可以省

略);主句中的主也可作其他介(如“in)”的,構成地點狀。例如:

主句:Myfatherwrotethebook.我父寫了本。

被句:Thebookwaswrittenbymyfather.本是我父寫的主句:Ourvillagehasbuiltaplasticfactory.我村已建了一座塑料廠。

被句:Aplasticfactoryhasbeenbuilt inourvillage.一座塑料

廠在我村建成了。

(二)如果主句中有直接和接,被,有兩種化:把指人的接作被句中的主,并將此格人稱代主格人稱代,而指物的直接保留不;或將指物的直接被句中的主,接保留不。

如果接作保留,其前可用介to。例如:主句:Hegavemeadictionary.他了我一本典。被句:Iwasgivenadictionarybyhim.

被句:Adictionarywasgiven(to)mebyhim.典是他我的。

主句:HeteachesusEnglish.他教我英。

被句:WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.

被句:Englishistaught(to)usbyhim.英是他教我的。(三)如果主句中的是人稱代格,格是一個名的,被,把改作主句的主,而保留不。例如:

主句:Wemadehimourgroupleader.我他當了我。

被句:Hewasmadeourgroupleader.他被我的。主句:TheychoseMr.Litheirdoctorin1987.1987年他李

先生當他的醫生。

被句:Mr.Liwaschosentheirdoctorin1987.1987年李先生被

他的醫生。

(三)有復合的主句被句,復合的一部分

()成主,剩下的部分()就成主,

它多不定式、分,也可以是名和形容。在 see,make,

feel,watch,hear,notice,help,have等后的復合中,如果是不定式,不定式to省略。但在被句中

作主的不定式必有 to。例如:

主句:Wesawhimentertheclassroom.我看他了教室。

被句:Hewasseentoenterthe

classroom.他被看走了教室。

主句:Hemadetheboysitdown.他使那孩子坐下。

被句:Theboywasmadetositdown.那孩子被迫坐下。

的主形式表示被意

表示“生、行”的不及物和短,如:happen,

last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主形式表示被意。

Howdothenewspaperscomeout?些是如何出來的呢?

在need,want,require等的后面,名用主形式表示被意,其含相當于不定式的被形式。

Thehouseneedsrepairing\toberepaired).房子需要修理。

形容worth后面跟名的主形式表示被含

,但不能跟不定式;而worthy后面跟不定式的被形式。

Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.

Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)

4.某些可以和well,easily,smoothly等副用的不及物如read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook,sell,lock,

open,shut等,且主是非生命的名或代,用主構表被含。例如:

Thiskindofbooksellswell. Thepenwritessmoothly.

Theclothwasheswell. Thepoemreadssmoothly.

Thetabledoesn ’tcleaneasily.

Thiskindofricecooksmoreeasilythanthatkind.

Thatdoorshutswell.

主+be+adj.+todo的構中,不定式常用主

構表被含, 些表形容有 hard,difficult,easy,fit,

necessary,dangerous,comfortable,heavy等。例:

Theproblemishardtosolve.

Thechairiscomfortabletositon.

Ifindthewaterinthewellfittodrink.

6.有些系,如:taste,sound,prove,feel,look,smell,remain,appear等,常用主構表示被含。例如:

Theflowerlooksugly.

Whatyousaidsoundsreasonable.

Thedishsmellsdelicious. Thefoodtastesgood.

Thestoryprovedquitefalse. Sheremainssilent.

Thismaterialfeelssoft.

7.有些不定式,如: tolet,toblame,torent,remaintodo

等常用主構表示被含。 例如:

Thetaxiistorent. Muchremainstofind.

Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?

Thehouseistolet.

“主+have/has+名+todo”構,也用主構表被含,此主與todo存在上的主關系,todo

與存在上的關系。例如:

Hehasmanyproblemstosolve.

Mr.Whitehaslotsofthingstodo. Ihavearoomtolivein.

9.在too?to?和enoughtodo構中,不定式用主形

式表示被含。例如:

Theboxistooheavytocarry.

Theroomisnotbigenoughtohaveameetingin.

10.在therebe?句型中,當不定式修名作定,不定式用主式作定,重點在人,用被形式作定,重

點在物。

例Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).(用 tolose可看成

forustolose; 用tobelost, losttime不明確。)

介in,on,under等+名構成介短表被意表示方位的介與含作意的名合用,含被之,其

意相當于名相的被形式,名前一般不用冠。

“under名+”構,表示“某事在行中”。常的有:

undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治中),

underrepair(在修理中),underdiscussion(在中),

underconstruction(在施工中)。

Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).

2.“beyond+名”構,“出乎?? ??、范、限度”。

常的有:

beyondbelief(令人以置信),beyondone’sreach(鞭莫及),

beyondone’scontrol(無法控制,beyondourhope.我的成功始料不及。

Therumorisbeyondbelief(=can’tbebelieved).

“above+名”構,表示“(品、行、能力等)超??、高于??”。

Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.=Hishonest

charactercannotbepraisedenough.

4.“for+名”構,表示 “適于??、著??”。如:

forsale(出售),forrent(出租)等。

Thathouseisforsale.=Thathouseistobesold).

5.“in+名”構,表示“在??程中或范內”常的有:inprint(在印刷中),insight(在野范內),等。

例Thebookisnotyetinprint. (=isnotyet printed)

6.“on+名”構,表示“在從事?? 中”。常的有:

onsale(出售), onshow(展出), ontrial(受)。

Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).

7.“outof+名”構 ;表示“超出?? 之外“,常

的有:

outofcontrol(控制不了), outofsight(超出之外),

outofone ’sreach(不著), outoffashion(不流行)等。

例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can ’controlled)be.。

8.“within+名”構,“在??內、不超??”。

例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher's permission.

被與系表構的區

當“be+去分”作被表示主承受的作;作

系表構表示主的特點或所的狀,be后面的去分是表,相當于形容。其區分法如下:

1.如果作或句中有介 by引出作的行者,

句一般被,否系表構。

Theglassisbroken.(系表構)

Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.(被)

2.如果句中有地點、率或狀,一般被

Thedoorislocked.(系表構)

Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.(被)

3.被除用于一般和完成外,可以用于

其他各種,而系表構中的系 be只有一般和完

成。

Themachineisbeingrepaired.

【化】

Ifcitynoises___fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.

A.arenotkept;willhaveto B. arenotkept;have

C.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,____andperfectednow.A.developed B.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdeveloped D.willhavebeendeveloped

____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Yes,italldependsontheweather.

A.I'vebeentold B.I'vetold

C.I'mtold D. Itold

4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemy

collection___.

A.hascompletedB.completes

C.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeed

thattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenear

future.

A.cut B.arecut

C.arebeingcut D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

____.

A.breaks B.hasbroken

C.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken

8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotof

factories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup B.have

takenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcosted B.Costed C.iscosted D.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunder construction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuilt B.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuilt D.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethematerial?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.felt C.feelsD.isfelt

12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese .

A.write B.towrite C.tobewritten D.written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____,thankyou.

A.totype B.Typing C.tobetyped D.typed

14.Takecare!Don ’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__

easily.

A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout

15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethe

lightshappenedto___.

A.beputup B.givein

C.beturnedon D.goout

16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.

A.belongs B.arebelongedto

C.belongsto D.belongto

17.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

Oh,excellent.It worth’s___asecondtime.

A.toread B.toberead

C.reading D.beingread

18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.

A.catching B.tobecaught

C.beingcaught D.tocatch

19.Thispageneeded___again.

A.beingchecked B.checked

C.tocheck D.tobechecked

20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn ’tknowhowtodothe

exercises

A.Havingtaught B.HavingbeentaughtC.taught D.Teaching

key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA

11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB

被動語態基礎練習選擇題

1.Ourhouse_____,

A.isgettingpaint B.isgettingpainted C.isgotpainted

D.hasgottopaint

2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.

A.wasmetby B.wasmet C.wasmeeting D.metby

3.Thewar_____in1937

A.wasbrokenout B.hadbeenbrokenout C.has

brokenout D.brokeout

4.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.

A.cross B.becrossing C.becrossedby D.crossby

5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.

A.beeninvited B.beeninvitedfor C.invitedto D.

beeninvitedto

6.It_______thisway

A.ishadtodo B.ishadtobedone C.hadtobedone

D.hastodo

7.It__thisway.

Ausedtodo B.usedtobedone C.isusedtodo D.is

usedtodoing

8._____Chaplin.

A.Thechild'snamewascalled B.Thechild'snamecalls

C.Thechildcalls D.Thechildisnamed

9.Thesportsmeeting____.

A.isputoff B.istoputoff C.istobeputoff D.puts

off

10.Maryrealizedshe_________

A.wasmakingfunof B.wasmadefun C.wasbeing

madefunof D.wasbeingmadefun

11.______tosayathinginthatway

A.Itisconsiderswrong B.Itisconsideredwrong

C.Itisconsideredit'swrong D.Itisconsiedringwrong

12.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.

A.wouldbeprinted B.wouldprint C.beprinted D.

print

13.Thestory______inChinA.

A.wastakenplace B.washappened C.tookplace D.

hasbeentakenplace

14.Thehouse_____myparents

A.isbelongto B.belongto C.belongsto D.is

belongedto

15.He_______byhisteacher.

A.happenedtosee B.washappenedtoseeC.happened

tobeseen D.washappenedtobeseen

16.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings.

A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup

C.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup

D.weretakenplace,weresetup

17.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.

A.furnished,finished B.beenfinished,beenfurnished

C.beingfinished,beingfurnished D.setup,full

18.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._____from

here?

A.Canitsee B.Canitbeseen C.Canitseen D.Can

see

19.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthatthe

plane_____.

A.hadalreadytakenoff B.alreadytookoff

C.wasalreadytakingoff D.wasalreadytakenoff

20.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.

A.havenowbeenrebuilding B.arenowrebuilding

C.arenowbeingrebuilt D.arerebuiltnow

Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.

A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;have

C.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.

A.developed B.havedevelopedC.arebeingdeveloped

D.willhavebeendeveloped

23.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff. Yes,it

alldependsontheweather.

A.I'vebeentold B.I'vetold C.I'mtold D.Itold

24.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut26.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned

27.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

____.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken

Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetaken

place;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretaken

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