高三英語語法-狀語從句復習狀語從句在復合句中作主句的狀語，它可依照功能分為時間、條件、退步、地址、原因、目的、結果、方式和比較九種從句。要掌握這方面知識，重點要弄清各個連詞的含義和功能。一、時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的連詞有when,while,as,before,after,until,till,once（一旦），assoonas,themoment,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan,thefirsttime,thelasttime,every/eachtime等。現聯合詳細情況，對重點連詞和難掌握的連詞加以說明。．1）——I’mgoingtothepostoffice.——you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps.A．AsB．WhileC．BecauseD．If2）Withparcels（包）ofallshapesandsizes,Mr.Daviescouldhardlyseewherehewasgoingheandhiswifeleftthelastshop.A．as

B．while

C．before

D．until3）theelectionapproached（周邊），theviolencegotworse.A．When

B．As

C．While

D．With4）Iwasjustabouttoleavehome

itstartedtorain.A．as

B．while

C．when

D．assoonaswhile“當時候”

while

表示的時間是一段而不是一點，故從句的謂語動詞用連續性動詞，不用剎時動詞。Strikewhiletheironishot.一鼓作氣asⅰ)正當時候，ⅱ)一邊一邊，ⅲ)隨著as引導從句動作與主句動作同時發生，重申同時性。從句、動詞平常為行為動詞，不用動詞。Hesangsongsashewastakingabath他.一邊沐浴，一邊唱歌。Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.他將隨年紀的增添而聰穎起來。when“當時間”，引導的從句動作能夠與主句動作時間，也能夠先于主動的動作。Whentheygothome,Iwascookingdinner（.同時）Whenyougetintotrouble,turntoyourfather.（一先一后）若遇困難，就去找你父親。★其余，when還能夠表示andjustatthemoment，用在以下句型中：)was/weredoingwhendid;ⅱ)was/were（just）abouttodowhendid:)haddonewhendidWeweresleepingwhensuddenlytheearthquakehappened.我們正在睡覺，突然地震發生了。Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.我正要出去，這時電話響了。1）答案為B。此題表達的意思為“當你去郵局時，可否給我買幾張郵票？”不能夠選A，as引導時間狀語從句，V從句一般不用be動詞。2）答案A。不能夠選B。while引導時間狀語從句，V從不能夠為剎時動詞。3）答案B。此題句義為“隨著選舉的周邊暴力事件越演越烈”。表示“隨著”，只能用as。本句還可表達為：Withelectionapproaching,theviolencegotworse.4）答案為C。when表達“就在這個時候”※※須指出的是，while還能夠表達“轉折比較”，譯“而”Theircountryhasplentyofoil,whileourshasnone.他們國家盛產石油，我們國家卻一點也沒有。．1）willbeyearswemeetagain.A．It;sinceB．There;afterC．It;thatD．It;before2）Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungupIcouldanswerthephone.A．whenB．sinceC．untilD．before3）——Whatwasthepartylike?——Wonderful.ItisyearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.A．afterB．beforeC．whenD．since4）Wasitnot

thebellrang

thestudentsstoodup?A．when;that

B．until;that

C．until;when

D．when;thenbefore基本詞義為“在以前”，其余還可表達以下兩個意思：a）才TheplanelandedatBeijingAirportbeforeweknewit.重點句型：Itwastwodaysbeforehecametohimself.Itwillbetwoyearsbeforethebridgeiscompleted.Itwasnotlongbeforehedied.→Soonhedied.Itwon’tbelongbeforehegetswell.→Soonhewillgetwellb）還將來得及就BeforeIcouldexplain,theteacherdrovemeoutoftheclassroom.我將來得及作講解，老師就把我趕出教室。（before表示此義，此后常跟could或hadtimetodo）since“自以來”since引導的時間狀語從句，從句用過去時，主句則用達成時Shehasnevercalledonmesinceshemovedtothecountry.自從她搬到鄉下此后就沒來看過我。Itis/hasbeenayearsincetheygotmarried他.們成婚已有一年。until1）S+V（必定句）until。在必定句中，表示“直到為止”。主句動詞為連續性動詞Iwillwait（連續性）untilhecomesback.2）Not/Never/No+n.until。在否認句中，表示“直到才”。主句謂語動詞為停止性動詞。UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofwhathadhappenedintheschool.若是notuntil位于句首時，主句需要部分倒裝構造Notuntilthewarendeddidtheymeetagain.還能夠用于Itis（was）notuntilthatItwasnotuntilthewarendedthattheymetagain.（主句用正常詞序）3．assoonas,themoment,every/eachtime,thefirsttime,thelasttime1）WecalledtheFirst-AidCentre

thetrafficaccidentoccurred.A．immediately

B．shortly

C．quickly

D．hurriedly2）

Iwenttoseehim,

he

makingexperimentsonlivinganimals.A．Forthefirsttime;wasbusy

B．Whenever,devotedtoC．Thelasttime;waslostin

D．Everytime;wasdeeplyin表示“一就”，有多個連詞Iwillgothereassoonas（themeoent/directly/immediately）Ihavefinishedmybreakfast.Hardlyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthetelephonerang.他剛走進房間，電話就響了。Nosoonerhadheheardthenewsthanhefainted.他一聽到那個信息，就暈了過去。注：在hardlywhen；nosoonerthan句型中，when/than前句用過去達成時；后句用一般過去時。某些表示時間的名詞詞組，也可引導時間狀語從句。everytime/eachtime“每當”；thefirsttime“第一次”；thelasttime“前一次”。EverytimeImethim,Ifoundhimtobetaller.每次我見到他，我都感覺他長高了。ThefirsttimeIsawher,Ifellinlovewithher.我第一次見到他，就愛上了她。二、條件狀語從句1）條件狀語平常由if（若是）和unless（若是不，除非）引導。Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.Iwillnotlendthebooktoyouunlessyoucanreturnitintime.2）引導條件狀語從句還有as/solongas（只需），onconditionthat（條件是），suppose/supposing（若是），provided（that）若是，incase（萬一）I’lllendittoyouaslongasyouhandleitwithcare只.要你小心使用，我會借給你的。Wewillbuyeverythingyouproduceprovidedthatthepriceisright.若價錢合適我們會采買你們的所有產品。Suppose(supposing)thatthisisnottherightwaytothestation,whatshallwedo.若是這不是去車站的路，我們該怎么辦？Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.萬一發生重要的事情，請打電話給我。三、退步狀語從句1．though,although（誠然，只管）引導的句子陳述的是基本事實。although語氣重，平常置于句首。though可放在句首或句末。Although/Thoughitishardwork,yetIenjoyit.Iwon’thirehimthoughheisatalentedman盡.管他很有才干，但我不想聘用他。注：although/though不能夠與but連用，但可與yet連用，以加強語氣。其余，表示“誠然”，還有while,as。as必定用倒裝構造，把從句的表語、狀語或謂語動詞放在句首。WhileIunderstandyourviewpoint,Idon’tagreewithyou雖.然我理解你的見解，但我仍是不同樣意。將以下句子變成as引導的退步狀語從句1）Thoughheisaboy,heknowsalot.2）ThoughPaulwasdisabled,hetriedhisbesttoservethepeople.3）ThoughIadmirehiscourageverymuch,Idon’tthinkheactswisely.2．evenif/eventhough（即便）EventhoughIfail,Iwillkeepontrying.即便我失敗，我仍會連續試一試下去。3．Whetheror，however/nomatterhow1）Whetheror引導退步狀語，意為“不論仍是”Allmatter,whetheritisagas,aliquidorasolid,expandsasthetemperaturerises.不論是氣體，液體，仍是固體，所有的物體遇熱都會膨脹。Iwillstudyabroadwhethermyparentsagreeornot.不論我父親母親贊成與否，我都要出國留學。2）however/nomatterhow“不論怎么”。句子構造Howeveradj/advS+V；HoweverS+VHowevercolditis,shealwaysgoswimming.不論天有多冷，她老是去游泳。W’llhavetofinishit,howeverlongittakes.不論花多長時間，我們必定把它做完。HoweverItriedtoexplain,hewouldn’tlisten不論.我怎么講解，他就是不聽。近似的句子還有：Whatever/Nomatterwhatmayhappen,wewon’tchangeourplan.需要重申的是在時間、條件、退步狀語從句中，動作未發生，需用一般時表示將來時。四、地址狀語從句地址狀語從句的作用，是詳細交待主句動作發生的地址。連詞用where，句型以下：1）S+V+where從句Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你應當把書放在原來的地方。Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.有疑問的地方可以做個記號。2）whereS+V，（there）S+V，譯“哪里，那里”Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事競成。Wherewaterresourcesareplentiful,（there）hydroelectricpowerstationswillbebuilt.哪里水源充分，就把水電站建在那里。Whereverhewent,hewaswarmlywelcome.不論他走到哪里，都碰到熱忱歡迎。五、原因狀語從句引導原因狀語從句的連詞，有because,as,since和nowthat。1）

Ihaven

’tseenthefilm,Ican

’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.A．As

B．For

C．With

D．Because2）

youhavegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A．Nowthat

B．After

C．Though

D．Assoonas3）Itmusthaverainedlastnight,

thegroundiswetthismorning.A．for

B．because

C．therefore

D．yet1．because,as,since“因為”，都能夠引導原因狀語從句。because語氣最強，所陳述的原因是全句的重點，所引導的從句多放在句末。回答由why引出的問句，及在重申句中，若重申原因狀語從句，只能用because。Hedidn’tgooutbecauseitwasraining（.全句中心）——Whywereyoulate?——Becausethetrafficwastooheavy.Itwasbecausehewascarelessthathefailed.since,as引導的原因狀語從句，語氣比because弱，表述已為大家所知的顯然的原因，經常在句首，主句是全句中心。As/Sinceheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed（.全句中心）因為他工作努力，他可能會成功。2．表示“既然”，用連詞since或nowthatSince/NowthatJohnhasarrived,wecanbegin.既然John已經到3．because與for的差異for引導的是并列分句。功能ⅰ）對前面的分句加以講解，ⅱ）說明推斷的原因，for引導的句子只能后置。Ibelieveher,forsurelyshewillnotlietome.Itismorning,forthebirdsaresinging.天亮了，因鳥兒在鳴叫。（鳥鳴不是致使天亮的原因，故本句不能夠用because代替for）Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundisstillwet.答案：1）A2）A本句句義為：既然得了一個機會，你最好充分利用它。3）A六、目的狀語從句1．由sothat,inorderthat引導目的狀語從句。從句中謂語平常用may/might,can/could,will/would,inorderthat引導的從句可置于句首，也可置于句末。sothat引導的從句只能放在主句此后。Inorderthathecouldmakemoney,hedidanything.Inordertomakemoney,hedidanything.Hetoldustokeepquietsothatwemightnotdisturbothers.Hetoldustokeepquietnottodisturbothers.2．由incase,forfearthat引導的目的狀語從句incase,forfearthat“以防，免得”。應特別注意從句動詞的形式Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains.帶把傘，以防下雨（從句用一般時）Ihidthebookforfearthatshewouldseeit.我把書藏起來，免得被她看見。（從句用將來時）七、結果狀語從句1．由sothat，suchthat引導的結果狀語從句表達方式：such+nthat；soadj/advthatsoadj+a/an+nthat；somany/much/few/little+nthatItwassuchabadaccidentthatdozensofpeoplewerekilled.Sofiercewastheirdogthatnoonedaredtocomenear他.們的狗真殘忍，沒有人敢走近它。注：以上句型，若so或such位于句首，主句需部分倒裝。2．so,sothat引導的結果狀語從句Hemadeawrongdecision,so（that）halfofhislifetimewaswasted.他做了錯誤決定，結果毀掉了半生。八、方式狀語從句1．方式狀語從句由as引導，詞義：1）依照；2）象同樣Iwilldoasyouadvice.我會照你的忠告去做。Leaveitasitis.把它保持原狀好了。2．as與like的差異兩者均可表示“象”，但as為連詞，后接從句或介詞短語。like為介詞，后接名詞或代詞OnFriday,asonMonday,themeetingwillbeat3:30.Jimisverymuchlikehisfather.Itlookslikerain.九、狀語從句的省略在狀語從句中，若從句主語和主句的主語同樣，且謂語部分有be，則從句的主語和be能夠省略。表達形式為：WhendoingIf,S+VThoughdone用現在分詞仍是過去分詞，由該動詞與主句主語的關系決定。狀語從句練習1．Theearthrevolves（旋轉）alittlemorerapidlyitisclosertothesun.A．thanB．orC．whenD．wherever2．CCTVisexactlylikeawindowontheworldyouwillsitinfrontofitandfixyourattentiononwhatitshows.A．ifB．asC．whileD．aslongas3．IwouldprefertogoonFriday,A．unlessB．if4．----CanDavidgotoseethefilm?finishedhishomework.

itisallthesametoyou.C．assoonasD．though----Youcan’thehasA．onconditionthatB．onceC．whenD．unless5．Theoldmanwasknockeddownbyamotor-carawaytothesouth.

hesawitrunA．before

B．after

C．when

D．till6．Itwon

’tbelong

mancanexploretheMars（火星）andwalkonitssurface.A．since

B．until

C．when

D．before7．Itisanattractivestory,andnothingcanbeputdownaboutitonehasfinishedreadingit.A．after

B．when

C．unless

D．until8．MrLiwasfirm

hefelthimselftoberight.A．what

B．that

C．where

D．how9．humanbeingsliveingreatnumbers,thewatersarelikelytobepolluted.A．That

B．Where

C．Once

D．As10．Itwasfoundthatalthoughthegirlcouldrecognizethingswithherfingers,thisabilitystoppedherhandsgotwet.A．while

B．forthelasttime

C．themoment

D．until11．Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,

thebehaviorofanimalsdependsmainlyoninstinct（本能）

.A．while

B．as

C．and

D．or12．

theplanhasbeenmade,let

’sgetdowntocarryingitout.A．After

B．Assoonas

C．For

D．Nowthat13．Someonemusthaveleftthetapon,

thewaterwasrunningoverandfloodingthebathroom.

A．therefore

B．forC．because

D．besides14．Wewillhavetofindthejobontime,

difficultitis.A．though

B．evenif

C．asD．however15．----Didthedoor-keeperletyouin?----No,ItriedtotellhimthatIwasyourrelative,hejustwouldn

’tlistentome.A．Nomatter

B．Evenif

C．However

D．Whether16．Wewillstartoffat7:00a.m.sharp,

.A．whethershewillcomeornot

B．ifshe

’dliketocomeornotC．nomattershecomesornot

D．whethershecomesornot17．Someparentsdon’tallowtheirsontogoonlineaffectedbysomethingunhealthy.

theywillbeA．forfearthat

B．once

C．because

D．incase18．Ihopeallthemeasuresagainstairpollution,localgovernment,willbeseriouslytaken.

suggestedbytheA．as

B．while

C．like

D．since19．Icouldn’tmovemylegstheywerestucktothefloor.A．because

B．as

C．asthough

D．eventhough20．Onemoreweek,

wecanfulfill（達成）

the