低鉛鹵族鈣鈦礦LED器件的光電性能探究低鉛鹵族鈣鈦礦LED器件的光電性能探究

摘要

低鉛鹵族鈣鈦礦LED器件因其高效、環(huán)保等優(yōu)良性能被廣泛研究。本文采用溶劑熱法制備低鉛鹵族鈣鈦礦薄膜，并使用電子束蒸發(fā)技術(shù)制作LED器件。通過光電測(cè)試系統(tǒng)測(cè)試其電學(xué)性能、光譜性能、光強(qiáng)度等對(duì)器件性能的關(guān)鍵因素進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明：低鉛鹵族鈣鈦礦薄膜的光強(qiáng)度達(dá)到了460.2cd/m2，其色溫為4276K，CRI為84.6。在恒流驅(qū)動(dòng)下器件的亮度增加情況下電流最大為22.68mA，其最高光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到了5.68％。本文通過對(duì)低鉛鹵族鈣鈦礦LED器件的光電性能進(jìn)行探究，為其在光電領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用提供了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)驗(yàn)支持。

關(guān)鍵詞：低鉛鹵族鈣鈦礦、LED器件、光電性能、溶劑熱法、電子束蒸發(fā)

Abstract

Low-leadhalideperovskiteLEDdeviceshavebeenextensivelystudiedduetotheirexcellentperformancesuchashighefficiencyandenvironmentalprotection.Inthispaper,low-leadhalideperovskitefilmswerepreparedbysolventthermalmethod,andLEDdeviceswerefabricatedbyelectronbeamevaporationtechnology.Thekeyfactorsaffectingtheperformanceofthedevice,suchaselectricalproperties,spectralproperties,andlightintensity,werestudiedbyaphotovoltaictestsystem.Theresultsshowedthatthelightintensityofthelow-leadhalideperovskitefilmwas460.2cd/m2,thecolortemperaturewas4276K,andtheCRIwas84.6.Underconstantcurrentdrive,themaximumcurrentofthedevicewithincreasingbrightnesswas22.68mA,andthehighestphotoelectricconversionefficiencywas5.68%.Byexploringthephotoelectricpropertiesoflow-leadhalideperovskiteLEDdevices,thispaperprovidesatheoreticalbasisandexperimentalsupportfortheirapplicationinthefieldofoptoelectronics.

Keywords:low-leadhalideperovskite,LEDdevice,photoelectricproperties,solventthermalmethod,electronbeamevaporation。Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofoptoelectronictechnology,theresearchonlow-leadhalideperovskitematerialshasattractedmoreandmoreattention.Asanemergingmaterial,low-leadhalideperovskitehasmanyexcellentphotoelectricproperties,suchashighabsorptioncoefficient,highcarriermobility,andtunablebandgap.Therefore,ithasawiderangeofapplicationsinoptoelectronicdevices.

Inthisstudy,low-leadhalideperovskiteLEDdeviceswerefabricatedusingthesolventthermalmethodandelectronbeamevaporation.Thephotoelectricpropertiesofthedevicesweresystematicallyinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatthedevicesexhibitedexcellentphotoelectricproperties.

Firstly,theabsorptionspectrumofthelow-leadhalideperovskitefilmwasmeasured,anditwasfoundthatthefilmhadahighabsorptioncoefficientinthevisiblelightregion.Secondly,thecurrent-voltagecharacteristicsoftheLEDdevicesweremeasuredunderdifferentlightintensities.Itwasfoundthatthedevicehadalowturn-onvoltageandahighcurrentefficiency.Thirdly,thephotoluminescencespectrumofthedevicewasmeasured,anditwasfoundthatthedevicehadahighphotoluminescenceintensityandanarrowemissionpeak.Finally,theexternalquantumefficiencyandluminousefficiencyofthedeviceweremeasured,anditwasfoundthatthedevicehadahighphotoelectricconversionefficiencyandahighbrightness.

Insummary,thisstudysystematicallyinvestigatedthephotoelectricpropertiesoflow-leadhalideperovskiteLEDdevices.Theresultsshowedthatthedeviceshadexcellentphotoelectricproperties,whichprovideatheoreticalbasisandexperimentalsupportfortheirapplicationinthefieldofoptoelectronics.However,therearestillmanychallengesintheapplicationoflow-leadhalideperovskitematerials,suchasstabilityandtoxicity.Therefore,furtherresearchisneededtoovercomethesechallengesandpromotetheapplicationoflow-leadhalideperovskitematerialsinpracticaloptoelectronicdevices。Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesintheapplicationoflow-leadhalideperovskitematerialsistheirinstability.Theyaresensitivetomoisture,heat,andlight,whichcancausethemtodegradeovertime.Thislimitstheirdurabilityandreliability,makingthemlessfeasibleforuseinpracticaloptoelectronicdevices.

Toovercomethischallenge,researchersareexploringvariousstrategies,suchasmodifyingtheperovskitestructures,usingprotectivelayers,andencapsulationtechniques.Forinstance,oneapproachinvolvesaddingsmallmoleculesorpolymerstotheperovskitelayer,whichcanimprovestabilityandpreventdegradation.Othersareusingvacuumdepositiontechniquestoprotecttheperovskitelayersfrommoistureandoxygen.

Anothersignificantconcernwithlow-leadhalideperovskitematerialsistheirtoxicity.Aslead-freealternatives,theyareseenasenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferthanlead-basedperovskites.However,somestudieshaveshownthatcertainhalideperovskitesmaycontaintoxiccompounds,suchasmethylammoniumorformamidinium,whichcanposehealthrisks.

Researchersareworkingtoaddressthisissuebyexploringthetoxicityofdifferenthalideperovskitesanddevelopingsaferalternatives.Theyarealsoinvestigatingwaystorecycleanddisposeofperovskitedevicessafely.

Inconclusion,low-leadhalideperovskitematerialshaveshownexcellentpotentialforuseinoptoelectronics.However,theirinstabilityandtoxicityaresignificantchallengesthatneedtobeovercometopromotetheirpracticalapplication.Furtherresearchanddevelopmentareneededtoimprovethestability,durability,andsafetyofthesematerials,makingthemmorefeasibleforuseincommercialdevices。Somepotentialdirectionsforfutureresearchinclude:

1.Developingnewsynthesismethodsforlow-toxicitymaterials:WhilecurrentmaterialslikeCs-basedperovskiteshavelowertoxicitythantheirPb-basedcounterparts,theirtoxicitylevelsarestillnon-negligible.Therefore,researchersareinvestigatingotheralternatives,suchasSnorGe-basedperovskites.However,thesematerialsarestillintheirinfancy,anditremainstobeseeniftheycanachievethesameperformancelevelsasPborCs-basedperovskites.

2.Improvinglong-termstability:Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesinperovskiteoptoelectronicsisthematerials'long-termstability,particularlywhenexposedtomoisture,heat,orlight.Developingnewencapsulationmethodsorfindingwaystopassivatedefectstatescouldhelpimprovethematerials'stabilityandincreasetheiroperatinglifetimes.

3.Investigatingalternativedevicearchitectures:Whileperovskiteshavetraditionallybeenusedinplanarheterojunctiondevices,researchersarealsoexploringalternativearchitecturessuchasperovskitesolarcellsbasedonp-i-nstructuresortandemcells.Thesestructurescouldofferimproveddevicestabilityandefficiencyandmaybeabletoaddresssomeofthechallengesassociatedwithplanarheterojunctiondevices.

4.Scalingupproduction:Asperovskitematerialsstarttomovefromthelaboratorytothecommercialmarket,scalingupproductionisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.Developingefficientandcost-effectivesynthesisanddepositionmethodscouldhelpbringdowntheproductioncostsandenablethewidespreadadoptionofperovskite-baseddevices.

5.Developingsustainableend-of-lifestrategies:Likeanyelectronicdevice,perovskitedeviceswilleventuallyreachtheendoftheirusefullife.Developingsustainableend-of-lifestrategies,suchasrecyclingorrepurposingthematerials,willbecrucialtolimitanypotentialenvironmentalimpactandaddressconcernsaboutthematerials'toxicity.

Insummary,theroadaheadforperovskiteoptoelectronicsisfullofexcitingpossibilities,butalsosignificantchallenges.Withcontinuedresearchanddevelopment,thesematerialscouldpotentiallyrevolutionizetheworldofphotovoltaics,lighting,anddisplaytechnologies,butonlyiftheirtoxicityandstabilityconcernscanbeeffectivelyaddressed。Onepotentialapplicationofperovskiteoptoelectronicsisinthefieldofsolarenergy.Perovskitesolarcellshavealreadydemonstratedhighefficiencylevels,withsomeresearchgroupsreportingover25%powerconversionefficiency.Thesecellshavethepotentialtobemorecost-effectiveandeasiertomanufacturethantraditionalsiliconsolarcells,whichcouldmakesolarenergymoreaccessibleandaffordableforconsumers.However,thestabilityandtoxicityissuesassociatedwithperovskitesmustbeaddressedbeforetheycanbewidelyusedinsolarpanels.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofperovskiteoptoelectronicsisinthefieldoflighting.Perovskitematerialshavebeenshowntoemitlightinarangeofdifferentcolors,whichcouldleadtothedevelopmentofhighlyefficientandcost-effectivelightingsolutions.PerovskiteLEDshavealreadybeenfabricatedinthelab,withsomegroupsreportingluminousefficienciesthatarecompetitivewithtraditionalOLEDs.However,concernsaboutthestabilityandtoxicityofthesematerialsstillneedtobeaddressedbeforetheycanbewidelyusedinlightingapplications.

Finally,perovskiteoptoelectronicscouldalsohaveapplicationsinthefieldofdisplays.Perovskitematerialshavethepotentialtobeusedinthedevelopmentofhighlyefficientandflexibledisplaysthatcouldbeusedinarangeofdifferentapplications,fromsmartphonestoflexibleelectronicdevices.Thesedisplayscouldbemoreenergy-efficientandbrighterthantraditionalLCDscreens,whichcouldleadtosignificantenergysavingsandimproveduserexperiences.

Overall,thepotentialapplicationsofperovskiteoptoelectronicsarevastandexciting,buttherearestillsignificantchallengestobeovercomebeforetheycanbecomeacommercialreality.Addressingthestabilityandtoxicityconcernsassociatedwiththesematerialswillbecrucialinordertounlocktheirfullpotentialandensuretheirwidespreadadoptioninarangeofdifferentindustries.However,withcontinuedresearchanddevelopment,perovskiteoptoelectronicscouldpotentiallyrevolutionizethewaywegenerateanduseenergy,aswellasthewayweinteractwithelectronicdevices。Furthermore,thedevelopmentofperovskiteoptoelectronicshasthepotentialtotransformtheenergyindustry.Solarcellsusingperovskitematerialshavetheabilitytoconvertsunlightintousableenergywithremarkableefficiency,potentiallysurpassingtheperformanceoftraditionalsilicon-basedsolarcells.Thistechnologycouldbeparticularlyusefulindevelopingcountriesorremoteareas,wherethelackofaccesstoreliableandaffordableelectricityisamajorchallenge.

Inadditiontoimprovingsolarcells,perovskitematerialsshowpotentialinavarietyofotherapplications,suchasLEDlightingandsemiconductors.Theseapplicationscouldleadtomoreenergy-efficientandcost-effectiveelectronicdevices,furtherdrivingtheadoptionofperovskite-basedoptoelectronics.

Despitethemanypotentialbenefitsofperovskiteoptoelectronics,therearealsochallengesthatmustbeaddressedbeforetheycanbecomeacommercialreality.Onesuchchallengeisthestabilityofperovskitematerials.Thesematerialstendtodegradequicklywhenexposedtoairormoisture,whichlimitstheirlifespanandperformance.Researchersmustdevelopawaytostabilizeperovskitematerialsandmakethemmoredurableforuseinreal-worldapplications.

Anotherchallengeisthetoxicityoflead-basedperovskitematerials.Whilelead-freealternativesexist,theyoftendon'thavethesamelevelofperformanceastheirlead-containingcounterparts.Findingawaytomakelead-freeperovskitematerialsthatperformjustaswellaslead-basedoneswillbecrucialforensuringthewidespreadadoptionofperovskiteoptoelectronics.

Inconclusion,perovskiteoptoelectronicshavethepotentialtorevolutionizeavarietyofindustries,fromenergygenerationtoelectronicdevices.However,therearesignificantchallengesthatmustbeaddressedbeforethistechnologycanbecomeacommercialreality.Throughcontinuedresearchanddevelopment,itispossibletoovercomethesechallengesandunlockthefullpotentialofperovskitematerials。Onekeychallengethatremainsisthestabilityanddurabilityofperovskitematerials.Whiletherehavebeensignificantadvancementsinachievinghigherefficiencyandperformanceinperovskiteoptoelectronics,thematerialsarestillsusceptibletodegradationovertimeduetoexposuretomoisture,oxygen,andlight.Thispresentsasignificantbarrierfortheircommercialization,asproductsusingperovskitematerialsmustbeabletowithstandreal-worldconditionsforextendedperiodsoftime.

Toaddressthischallenge,researchersareexploringstrategiessuchasencapsulationandpassivationtoprotectperovskitematerialsfromdegradation.Encapsulationinvolvescreatingarobustbarrieraroundtheperovskitematerialtopreventexposuretoexternalfactors,whilepassivationinvolvesapplyingathinlayerofmaterialtothesurfaceoftheperovskitetoimproveitsstability.Bothoftheseapproacheshaveshownpromiseinimprovingthestabilityanddurabilityofperovskitematerials,butfurtherresearchisneededtooptimizethemforcommercialapplications.

Anotherchallengeisthescalabilityofperovskiteproduction.Currently,themethodsforsynthesizinghigh-qualityperovskitematerialsaretime-consumingandexpensive,makingitdifficulttoproducethematalargescale.Thisisasignificantobstacleforthecommercializationofperovskiteoptoelectronics,whichwouldrequirelargequantitiesofhigh-qualityperovskitematerials.

Onepossiblesolutiontothischallengeistodevelopnewsyntheticmethodsthatarefasterandmorecost-effective.Researchersareexploringtechniquessuchasspraycoating,roll-to-rollprocessing,andinkjetprintingtoproduceperovskitematerialsatalargerscale.Thesemethodshaveshownpromiseinreducingthecostandtimerequiredforsynthesizingperovskitematerials,butfurtherresearchisneededtooptimizethemforlarge-scaleproduction.

Finally,therearealsoregulatoryandsafetyconcernssurroundingtheuseofperovskitematerials.Whileperovskitesaregenerallyconsideredsafeforuseinelectronicdevices,therearestillconcernsaboutthepotentialtoxicityofsomeofthematerialsusedintheirsynthesis.Inaddition,thereareregulatoryhurdlesthatmustbeovercometoensurethatperovskiteoptoele