閱讀理解專項訓練試題（十一）

一、閱讀理解

1、Undernormalconditionstheactofcommunicationrequiresthepresenceofatleasttwopersons:onewhosendsandtheotherwhoreceivesthecommunication.Inordertocommunicatethoughtsandfeelings,theremustbeaconventionalsystemofsignsandsymbolswhichmeansthesametothesenderandthereceiver.

Themeansofsendingcommunicationsaretoonumerousandvariedforsystematicclassification.Therefore,theanalysismustbeginwiththemeansofreceivingcommunication.Receptionofcommunicationisachievedbyoursenses,ofwhichsight,hearingandtouchplaythemostimportantroles.

Examplesofvisualcommunicationaregestureandmimicry.Althoughbothfrequentlyaccompanyspeech,therearesystemsthatrelysolelyonsight,suchasthoseusedbydeafanddumbpersons.Anothermeansofcommunicatingvisuallyisbysignalsoffire,smoke,flags,orflashinglights.Feelingsmaybesimplycommunicatedbytouch,suchasbyhandstroking.Althoughahighlydevelopedsystemofhandstrokinghasenabledblind,deafanddumbpersonstocommunicateintelligently,whistlingtosomeone,applaudinginatheatre,andotherformsofcommunicationbysoundrelyupontheearasareceiver.Themostfullydevelopedformofauditorycommunicationis,ofcourse,thespokenlanguage.

Themeansofcommunicationmentionedsofarhavetwofeaturesincommunication:theylastonlyashorttime,andthepersonsinvolvedmustberelativelyclosetoeachother.Therefore,allarerestrictedintimeandspace

Intheauthor’sopinion,thereceptionofcommunicationshouldbedealtwithfirstbecause_________（）

A．communicationdependsonaconventionalsystemofsignsandsymbols

B．onlythroughoursenses,canwecommunicate

C．toclassifythemeansofsendingcommunicationsisaverydifficulttask

D．therearemoremeansofreceivingthanofsendingcommunications

2、Gestureisspeciallymentionedasanexampleof_________（）

A．communicationbylanguage

B．communicationbymimicry

C．auditorycommunication

D．visualcommunication

3、Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcommunicationbyhearingistrue（）

A．Communicationbyhearingismoreimportantthancommunicationbysight

B．Whistlingandapplaudingaretheonlytwoformsofcommunicationbyhearing

C．Handshaking,aswellashand-stroking,hasenabledtheblindtocommunicatebyhearing

D．Itispossibletocommunicateintelligentlybyhearing

4、Accordingtothepassagealone,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE（）

A．Thespokenlanguageisthemosthighlydevelopedformofauditorycommunication

B．Normally,theactofcommunicationrequiresthepresenceofatleastthreepersons

C．Themeansofcommunicationmentionedinthepassagelastonlyforamoment

D．Fire,smoke,flagsandflashinglightscanallbesignalsofvisualcommunication

5、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout（）

A．Spokenisthebestwayofcommunication

B．Receptionofcommunicationcanbeachievedbyoursight,hearingandtouch,andthesemeansofcommunicationhavetwofeaturesincommon

C．Incommunicationaconventionalsystemofsignsandsymbolsmeansthesametothesenderandreceiver

D．Themeansofcommunicationarerestrictedintimeandspace

6、Aresomepeopleborncleverandothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeopleis,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesintheirintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysanimportantpart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence

Ifachildisbornwithlowintelligence,hecan_________（）

A．notreachhisintelligenceinhislife

B．gobeyondhisintelligencelimitsinrichsurroundings

C．stillbecomeageniusifheshouldbegivenspecialeducation

D．becomeagenius

7、Ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulation（Para.2）meansifwe_________（）

A．choosetwopersonswithdifferentintelligence

B．choosetwopersonswhoarerelative

C．takeouttwopersonsofcloserelationship

D．pickanytwopersons

8、Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows_________（）

A．thepartthatbirthplays

B．theimportanceoftheirpositions

C．theroleofenvironmentonintelligence

D．theimportanceoftheirintelligence

9、Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthatman’sintelligenceisgiventohim_________（）

A．neitheratbirthnorthroughenvironment

B．bothatbirthandthroughenvironment

C．throughenvironment

D．atbirth

10、Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe_________（）

A．EffectofEducation

B．DependenceonEnvironment

C．Intelligence

D．Surroundings

11、On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnonsmokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivity（生產力）problem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout＄5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.

Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecondhandtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation（刺激）,coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreakroomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjected（患病）totherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment

Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat______（）

A．anemployersmokeswhileworkingintheoffice

B．ataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecar

C．aworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshop

D．aworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain

12、Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat______（）

A．hecan’tconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmoking

B．heoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreakroom

C．heoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmoking

D．hetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation

13、Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit______（）

A．reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree

B．doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany

C．affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers

D．makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted

14、Passivesmokingmeans______（）

A．never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly

B．never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers

C．never-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigarette

D．never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

15、Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanning（禁止）on-the-jobsmokingsoasto______（）

A．cutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsurance

B．createahealthyandsafeworkingenvironment

C．preventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblem

D．improvethesmokingemployeesworkefficiency

16、Anthropology（人類學）isthestudyofhowpeoplelive.Itincludestheirfamilylife,religion,art,lawsandlanguage.ThetermanthropologycomesfromtwoGreekwords:anthroposmeanshumanbeingandlogymeansthescienceof.

Anthropologycanbedividedintotwoareas.Thesetwomaindivisionsareculturalanthropologyandphysicalanthropology.Cultureincludesmanythings,suchasart,religion,laws,andevenfurnitureandmovies.

Anthropologistsdefinehumanprogressinthreemainsteps.Steponebeginswiththefirsthumanbeingandcontinuesuntilthelastofthepeoplewhohuntedanimalsjusttosurvive.Steptwoincludespeoplewhogrewfood.Inthisstep,therewasprogressininventionandreligion.Stepthreedealswiththefirstcivilizations,suchasthoseinEgyptandpartsofAsia.

Anthropologistsalwaysseeknewinformationaboutpeople.Forinstance,recentevidencefoundinEthiopiaandKenyashowshumansearlierinhistorythanitwaspreviouslybelieved

Accordingtothepassage,anthropologyisthestudyof_________（）

A．familylife,religionandart

B．thedifferencesbetweenscienceandarts

C．humanbeings

D．differentcultures

17、Whichofthefollowingbelongstothesecondstepofhumanprogress（）

A．Progresswasmadeinreligionandinvention

B．Humanshuntedanimalsjusttosurvive

C．Thefirstcivilizationcameintobeing

D．Peoplestartedtolearnscienceandarts

18、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE（）

A．Furnitureandmoviesbelongtophysicalanthropology

B．Anthropologistsarestilltryingtogetnewfindingsaboutpeople

C．ThestudyofhumanbeingsbeganinEgyptandpartsofAsia

D．ThefirstcivilizationappearedonlyinEgyptandpartsofAsia

19、Accordingtothepassage,whathaveanthropologistsrecentlyfound（）

A．Thereareculturalanthropologyandphysicalanthropology

B．Therearethreestepsintheprogressofhumanbeings

C．ThereweremorecivilizationsinEgyptthaninpartsofAsia

D．Thereisalongerhistoryofhumanbeingsthanitwasthoughtbefore

20、Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage（）

A．Anthropology

B．TheProgressofHumanBeings

C．TheCivilizations

D．TheStudyofAnthropologists

21、WhenaNewYorkerwashikinginEurope,hisSwissfriendkeptsayingListentothat!buthedidn’thearanything.Hisearswereaccustomedtoloudcitynoisesanditwasdaysbeforehewasabletonoticethesoundofabird.Formostofus,silencehasbecomearareexperience.Thereisbackgroundmusicinrestaurants,bars,stores,restrooms,elevators,andwhenyouarewaitingonthetelephone.RussellBakerblamessociety’sdeterminationtoentertainyouwhetheryoulikeitornot.

Peoplemaysaytheyyearnforquiet,butinpracticetheyavoidit.Theydrivewiththecarradioturnedup,switchonthetelevisionwhentheygethome,andexercisewhilelisteningtomusiconheadphones.Thenoisesuggeststhatpeoplehaveaspiritualproblem.Theycanbuythingsinstores,buttheydonothaveenoughhumancontact.Sotheyfilltheirliveswithsound.

Sometimesthereasonforthenoiseisprimitive.Youngmenplaytheircarstereosloudlyinordertocreateapersonalenvironmentaroundthem.Likeanimals,theyaremarkingat