2020-2021學年度第二學期期末考試高二英語試題（考試時間：120分鐘；總分：150分）注意事項：1.答號前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考試號等填寫在答題卡指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題紙上。第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1-Howmuchwillthewomanpayforthestamps?.A.$1.B.$2.c.$4.2.Whendoesthemanwanttogetup?A.At7:30.B.At8:00.C.At9:00.3.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Whethertobuyacar.B.Howtopayforeducation.C.Wheretofindabetterjob.4.Howdothespeakersprobablyfeel?A.Angry.B.Confused.C.Relieved.5.Wheremightthespeakersbe?A.Athome.B.Atacafe.c.Atasupermarket.第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmanypencilsharpenersdothespeakershave?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.7.Wheredidthegirlfindapencilsharpener?A.Onthefloor.B.Onthetable.C.Inthedeskdrawer.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Howwillthebirthdaybecelebrated?A.Withaparty.B.Withafamilydinner.C.Withavisittothetheater.9.Whatpresentwillthespeakers,fathergetforhisbirthday?A.Someshirts.B.Someshoes.C.Somewine.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhoisSam?A.Thegirl'sbrother.B.Thegirl'sfather.C.Thegirl'sdriver.11.Whatmainlyneedstobecleanedfromthecar?A.Mud.B.Dust.C.Leaves.12.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wherewasthephototaken?A.InSpain.B.InItaly.C.InFrance.14.Whatmainlycausedthewoman'sincreasedweight?A.Havingababy.B.Eatingtoomuch.C.Breakingherleg.15.Whenwastheaccident?A.Fiveyearsago.B.Ayearago.C.Sixmonthsago.16.Howdoesthewomanintendtoloseweight?A.Byrunning.B.Byswimming.C.Bygoingonadiet.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whendidthespeakerstartstudyingartproperly?A.Whenhewasfive.B.Whenhewastwelve.C.Whenhewasseventeen.18.Whatkindofpicturesdidmostcustomerswantaccordingtothespeaker?A.Houses.B.Flowers.C.People.19.Whatdoesthespeakerlikethemost?A.Abstractpainting.B.Theartofsculpture.C.Theartofmakingpots.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkisthemostimportantforstudentstodo?A.Doingwhattheylove.B.Workinghardontheirstudies.C.Makingasmuchmoneyastheycan.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分42.5分）第一節（共12小題；每小題2.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AThoughatripthroughBeijinghasplentyofhistoricalarchitecturetooffer,thecity'sskylinealsoholdsmanyachievementsofmodemdesign.However,Beijinghasspreadoutitscontemporarylandmarksthroughoutthecity,makingitdifficultforarchitecturalenthusiaststovisitallofthem.Therefore,wedecidedtogatherthemallintooneplace.HereisourlistofBeijing'smosticonic（標志性的）modembuildings:CCTVHeadquartersThe“BigPants,“asitismorecommonlyknown,isoneofjusttenbuildingsinthecityover200mtall.Thestructureofthetwoleaningtowersconnectedatthetopandbottombyhorizontaloff-shoots（橫向分支）isnowsoiconicthatitisoftenusedinfilmandtelevisiontoprovethestoryissetinBeijing.CITICTowerStandingat528m,CITICtowerisBeijing'stallestbuildingandthetenthtallestskyscraperintheworld.TheofficebuildingservesastheheadquartersofCITICGroup,butthebasementlevelwillsooncontainalargeshoppingcenterandsubwaystation.NationalStadiumBetterknownbyitsnicknamethe"Bird'sNest”,theNationalStadiumisrecognizablebyitssteelstructureslikeabambooforest.Thestadium,whichseatsanaudienceof91,000,wasbuiltforthe2008SummerOlympics.Itisalsoscheduledtobeusedfortheopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022WinterOlympics.NationalCentreforthePerformingArtsIt'snothardtoseehowthistheaterearnedthenicknameofthe“GiantEgg”.Withanoperahall,musichall,severalartexhibitionhalls,andrestaurants,theNationalCentreforthePerformingArtsisalsothelargesttheaterbuildinginAsia.Besidestheshape,itsuniquefeatureisthatitsappearancefromglasstotitanium（鈦）andthesurroundingreflectionpool.1.What'sthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?A.Toshowhowbeautifulthecityis.B.Toexpresstheauthor'sdeepestloveforBeijing.C.Tobringconveniencetoarchitecturalfans.D.Toattractmorepeopletocometoourcapitalcity.2.Wecanfindthenicknamesofthefollowingexcept.A.CITICTower B.NationalStadiumC.CCTVHeadquarters D.NationalCentreforthePerformingArts3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBeijing'smodernbuildingsistrue?A.The"Bird'sNest”wasconstructedforthe2008WinterOlympics.B.CCTVHeadquartersisoneofonlytenbuildingsinBeijingmorethan200mtall.C.NationalCentreforthePerformingArtsisthelargesttheaterbuildingintheworld.D.CITICtoweristhebiggestbuildinginBeijingandthetenthtallestskyscraperworldwide.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了北京的四個地標性現代建筑的特點。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段的“However,Beijinghasspreadoutitscontemporarylandmarksthroughoutthecity,makingitdifficultforarchitecturalenthusiaststovisitallofthem.Therefore,wedecidedtogatherthemallintooneplace.”（然而，北京的當代地標建筑遍布整個城市，這使得建筑愛好者很難去參觀所有這些建筑。因此，我們決定把他們都聚集在一個地方。）可知，作者寫這篇文章為了方便建筑愛好者參觀所有地標性建筑。故選C。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據CCTVHeadquarters的“The“BigPants,“asitismorecommonlyknown,isoneofjusttenbuildingsinthecityover200mtall.”；NationalStadium的“Betterknownbyitsnicknamethe"Bird'sNest”；NationalCentreforthePerformingArts中的“It'snothardtoseehowthistheaterearnedthenicknameofthe“GiantEgg”.”可知，這三個地標性建筑都有綽號，只有CITICTower沒有綽號。故選A。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據CCTVHeadquarters中的“The“BigPants,“asitismorecommonlyknown,isoneofjusttenbuildingsinthecityover200mtall.”（眾所周知，“大褲子”是這座城市僅有的10座超過200米高的建筑之一。）可知，北京現代建筑中中央電視臺總部是北京僅有的10座超過200米高的建筑之一。故選B。BTreesare“socialcreature”thatcommunicatewitheachotherincooperativewaysthatholdlessonsforhumans,too,ecologistSuzanneSimardsays.SimardgrewupinCanadianforestsasachildofloggersbeforebecominganecologist.She'snowaprofessorofforestecologyattheUniversityofTreesarelinkedtoneighboringtreesbyanetworkoffungibelowthesurfaceoftheearththatresemblesthenervousnetworksinthebrain,sheexplains.Inonestudy,SimardwatchedasaDouglasfirtreethathadbeeninjuredbyinsectsappearedtosendchemicalwarningsignalstoapinenearby.Thepinetreethenproduceddefenseenzymestoprotectagainsttheinsect.“Thiswasabreakthrough,”Simardsays.Thetreesweresharing“informationthatactuallyisimportanttothehealthofthewholeforest.”Inadditiontowarningeachotherofdanger,Simardsaysthattreeshavebeenknowntosharenutrientsatcriticaltimestokeepeachotherhealthy.Shesaysthetreesinaforestareoftenlinkedtoeachotherviaanoldertreeshecallsa“mother”or“hub”tree.“Inconnectingwithallthetreesofdifferentages,themothertreescanactuallyeasethegrowthoftheseyoungtrees,”shesays.“Theyoungtreeswilllinkintothenetworkoftheoldtreesandbenefitfromthathugeresourcecapacity.Andtheoldtreeswouldalsopassalittlebitofcarbonandnutrientsandwatertotheyoungtrees,atcrucialtimesintheirlives,thatactuallyhelpthemsurvive.”ThestudyoftreestookonanewresonanceforSimardwhenshesufferedfrombreastcancer.Duringhertreatment,shelearnedthatoneofthemedicinesshereliedonwasactuallyobtainedfromwhatsometreesproducefortheirownmutualdefense.Sheexplainsherresearchoncooperationintheforest,andsharesherpersonalstoryinthenewbookFindingtheMotherTree:DiscoveringtheWisdomoftheForest.4.HowcouldaDouglasfirtreesendchemicalwarningsignalstoapinenearby?A.Byanundergroundnetworkoffungi B.Bythenervousnetworksinthebrain.C.Bymakingcooperationwitheachother. D.Byholdinglessonstoitashumanbeings.5.AccordingtoSimard,whatwasabreakthrough?A.Simardwas-broughtupinCanadianforests. B.Shebecameaprofessorofforestecology.C.Thepinetreeproduceddefenseenzymes. D.Vitalinformationwassharedamongtrees.6.WhathelpedSimardunderstandtreesfurther?A.Herrichknowledgeoftrees. B.Herchildhoodintheforest.C.Hermedicinegainedfromtrees. D.Herresearchoncooperation.7.InSimard'sbookwemaydiscoverthewisdomoftheforestexceptA.communicatingcooperatively B.warningeachotherofdangerC.sharingnutrientsatcriticaltimes D.sacrificingmothertreesforsurvival【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了生態學家SuzanneSimard對于樹木的研究發現，樹木擁有合作溝通、互相警告危險和在關鍵時刻分享營養的智慧。介紹了其研究過程以及Simard對樹木的了解。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“Treesarelinkedtoneighboringtreesbyanetworkoffungibelowthesurfaceoftheearththatresemblesthenervousnetworksinthebrain,sheexplains.Inonestudy,SimardwatchedasaDouglasfirtreethathadbeeninjuredbyinsectsappearedtosendchemicalwarningsignalstoapinenearby.Thepinetreethenproduceddefenseenzymestoprotectagainsttheinsect.(她解釋說，樹木與鄰近的樹木之間是由地表下的真菌網絡連接起來的，這個網絡類似于大腦中的神經網絡。在一項研究中，Simard觀察到一棵被昆蟲傷害的道格拉斯冷杉似乎向附近的一棵松樹發送化學警告信號。然后松樹產生防御酶來抵御這種昆蟲)”可知，一棵道格拉斯冷杉通過地下的真菌網絡向附近的松樹發送化學警告信號。故選A。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段““Thiswasabreakthrough,”Simardsays.Thetreesweresharing“informationthatactuallyisimportanttothehealthofthewholeforest.”(“這是一個突破，”Simard說。這些樹木正在分享“對整個森林的健康至關重要的信息”)”可知，Simard認為突破是重要信息在樹木之間共享。故選D。【6題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段“ThestudyoftreestookonanewresonanceforSimardwhenshesufferedfrombreastcancer.Duringhertreatment,shelearnedthatoneofthemedicinesshereliedonwasactuallyobtainedfromwhatsometreesproducefortheirownmutualdefense.Sheexplainsherresearchoncooperationintheforest,andsharesherpersonalstoryinthenewbookFindingtheMotherTree:DiscoveringtheWisdomoftheForest.(當Simard患上乳腺癌時，對樹木的研究給她帶來了新的共鳴。在治療過程中，她了解到她所依賴的一種藥物實際上是從一些樹木產生的用于相互防御的藥物中獲得的。她解釋了她對森林合作的研究，并在新書《尋找母親樹：發現森林的智慧》中分享了她的個人故事)”可知，治療Simard的藥是從樹木中獲得的，幫助她進一步了解樹木。故選C。【7題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Treesare“socialcreature”thatcommunicatewitheachotherincooperativewaysthatholdlessonsforhumans,too,ecologistSuzanneSimardsays.(生態學家SuzanneSimard說，樹木是一種“社會生物”，它們以合作的方式彼此交流，這對人類也有借鑒意義)”以及第四段中“Inadditiontowarningeachotherofdanger,Simardsaysthattreeshavebeenknowntosharenutrientsatcriticaltimestokeepeachotherhealthy.(Simard說，除了互相警告危險之外，樹木還會在關鍵時期分享營養，以保持彼此的健康)”可知，在Simard的書中，我們可能會發現森林合作溝通、互相警告危險和在關鍵時刻分享營養的智慧，除了D選項“犧牲母樹來生存”。故選D。CAnexperimentaldevicethatturnsthoughtsintotexthasallowedamanwhowasleftparalyzedbyanaccidenttoconstructsentencesswiftlyonacomputerscreen.Themanwasabletotypewith95%accuracyjustbyimagininghewashandwritinglettersonasheetofpaper,ateamreportedWednesdayinthejournalNature.“Whatwefound,surprisingly,isthathecantypeatabout90charactersperminute,"saysKrishnaShenoyofStanfordUniversity.Thedevicewouldbemostusefultosomeonewhocouldneithermovenorspeak,saysDr.JaimieHenderson,aprofessoratStanfordandco-director,withShenoy,oftheStanfordNPTL.“Wecanalsoenvisionitbeingusedbysomeonewhocan'tmovebutwantstouseemail,”Hendersonsays,“or,say,acomputerprogrammerwhowantstogobacktowork.”Theideaofdecodingthebrainactivityinvolvedinhandwritingis'justimpressive,saysJohnNgai,whodirectstheNationalInstitutesofHealth'sBRAINInitiative,whichhelpedfundtheresearch."Butitwasonlyononesubjectinalaboratorysetting,"Ngaisays."Soatthemomentit'sagreatexampleofproofofprinciple."Themanwhoagreedtotestthedeviceisunabletomovehisarmsandlegsastheresultofanaccident.Afewyearsago,themanagreedtotakepartinastudyofanexperimentalsystemcalledBrainGate2.Itallowspeoplewhoareparalyzedtocontrolcomputersandotherdevicesusingonlytheirthoughts.Thesystemreliesondevicessurgicallyimplantednearthepartofthebrainthatcontrolsmovement.Inpreviousstudies,participantshadlearnedtocontrolacomputercursororroboticarmbyimaginingtheyweremovingtheirhands.Thistime,Henderson,Shenoyandateamofscientistshadthemanimaginehewaswritingindividuallettersbyhandwhileacomputermonitoredtheelectricalactivityinhisbrain.Eventually,thecomputerlearnedtodecodethedistinctpatternofactivityassociatedwitheveryletterofthealphabetaswellasseveralsymbols.Oncethatprocessiscomplete,Shenoysays,“WecandetermineiftheletteryouwroteisanAoraBoraCandthenshowonthescreenandyou'reabletospelloutwordsandsentencesandsoforthoneletterataInpreviousexperiments,participantshadbeenabletousetheirthoughtsto“pointandclick”atlettersonascreen.Butthatapproachwasmuchslowerthanimaginedhandwriting.Also,becausethenewsystemreliesonfamiliarthoughts,theparticipantwasabletouseitalmostimmediately.8.Byimagininghandwriting,apersoncantypeabout________correctcharactersperminute.A.43. B.45. C.86. D.90.9.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“envision“inthethirdparagraph?A.Guide. B.Imagine. C.Suggest. D.Promote.10.WhatisJohnNgai'sattitudetothehandwritingapproach?A.Favorable. B.Cautious. C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.11.Inordertospelloutwords,theparticipantsshould________.A.havetheelectricalactivityintheirbrainmonitoredB.firstlearntotakecontrolofacomputercursororroboticarmC.beabletousetheirfakehandsto“pointandclick”atlettersonascreenD.havedevicesimplantednearthebrainpartcontrollingthinking12.Whichsectionofawebsitemaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Education. D.Medicine.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.A12.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一種將思想轉化為文本的實驗裝置，使一名因意外而癱瘓的男子能夠在電腦屏幕上快速構建句子。一篇研究報告稱，僅憑想象自己是在一張紙上手寫，這名男子的打字準確率就達到了95%。文章還介紹了人們對此的看法以及這種裝置的工作方式等情況。【8題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Themanwasabletotypewith95%accuracyjustbyimagininghewashandwritinglettersonasheetofpaper,ateamreportedWednesdayinthejournalNature.(據周三發表在《自然》雜志上的一篇研究報告稱，僅憑想象自己是在一張紙上手寫，這名男子的打字準確率就達到了95%)”以及第二段中““Whatwefound,surprisingly,isthathecantypeatabout90charactersperminute,”saysKrishnaShenoyofStanfordUniversity.(斯坦福大學的KrishnaShenoy說：“令人驚訝的是，我們發現他每分鐘可以輸入大約90個字符。)”可知，通過想象手寫，一個人每分鐘可以輸入大約90×95%≈86個正確的字符。故選C。【9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據后文“itbeingusedbysomeonewhocan'tmovebutwantstouseemail,”Hendersonsays,“or,say,acomputerprogrammerwhowantstogobacktowork.””可知，后文主要是在想象它可以被那些無法移動但想要使用電子郵件的人使用，或者是一個想要回去工作的電腦程序員使用，故畫線詞意思是“想象”。A.Guide.指導；B.Imagine.想象；C.Suggest.建議；D.Promote.改善。故選B。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Theideaofdecodingthebrainactivityinvolvedinhandwritingis'justimpressive,saysJohnNgai,whodirectstheNationalInstitutesofHealth'sBRAINInitiative,whichhelpedfundtheresearch."Butitwasonlyononesubjectinalaboratorysetting,"Ngaisays."Soatthemomentit'sagreatexampleofproofofprinciple."(美國國立衛生研究院“大腦計劃”的負責人JohnNgai說，破解筆跡中涉及的大腦活動的想法“非常令人印象深刻”。該計劃幫助資助了這項研究。“但這只是在實驗室環境下的一個課題，”Ngai說。“所以目前這是一個很好的證明原則的例子。”)”可推知，JohnNgai對這種書寫方式的態度是支持。故選A。【11題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Thistime,Henderson,Shenoyandateamofscientistshadthemanimaginehewaswritingindividuallettersbyhandwhileacomputermonitoredtheelectricalactivityinhisbrain.(這一次，Henderson，Shenoy和一組科學家讓這名男子想象自己正在手寫單個字母，同時一臺電腦監測他大腦中的電活動)”可知，為了把單詞拼出來，參與者的腦電活動應該被監測。故選A。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Anexperimentaldevicethatturnsthoughtsintotexthasallowedamanwhowasleftparalyzedbyanaccidenttoconstructsentencesswiftlyonacomputerscreen.Themanwasabletotypewith95%accuracyjustbyimagininghewashandwritinglettersonasheetofpaper,ateamreportedWednesdayinthejournalNature.(一種將思想轉化為文本的實驗裝置，使一名因意外而癱瘓的男子能夠在電腦屏幕上快速構建句子。據周三發表在《自然》雜志上的一篇研究報告稱，僅憑想象自己是在一張紙上手寫，這名男子的打字準確率就達到了95%)”結合文章還介紹了人們對此的看法以及這種裝置的工作方式等情況。可推知，文章可能選自網站的“健康”部分。故選B。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。CanSkippingDinnerHelpYouLoseWeight?Ifyourphoneneedsasoftwareupgrade,youwouldlikelyruntheoperationwhenitsfullycharged.____13____Anewstudyfindshumanenergysystemsoperateinasimilarfashion:Ourmetabolismslikelyfunctionbestinthemorningwhenourbodiesarefreshandfullycharged.Specifically,peoplewhoeatlargerbreakfastsandadoptan18-hourovernightfast,sayfrom1pmto7am,havethelowestbodyweights.____14____Contrarytothepopularbelief,theseextendedovernightfastsseemtohelpincreasemetabolicfunction.LeadauthorDrHanaKahleovafindsmealsconsumedintheevening,comparedtothoseeateninthemorning,resultinhigherbloodsugar,whichhappenswheninsulincannotprocessglucoseintoenergy.____15____Whatdoesthismeanforyou?Dependingonyourgoalsandhealthstatus,youmayconsiderrearrangingyourmeals.Ifyou'relookingtolose10pounds,the18-to19-hourovernightfastmightworkwellforyou.____16____Soyoucouldexperimentwithskippingonemealeachday.____17____Peoplewhomaintainhighlyactivelifestyles,forinstance,andneedadequatefueltopowermorningrunsorhelpmusclefibersrecoverfromintenseeveningworkoutslikeweightliftingmightnotbenefit.Still,theconceptprovidesaninsightintohowourbodiesusefuelefficiently.A.Ofcourse,thisapproachisn'tforeveryone.B.So,let'ssayyouconsume1,500to1,800caloriesaday.C.Thosewhoatelaterintheday,after6pm,hadhigherbodyweights.D.Otherwise,yourphoneanditssoftwarewouldtakelongertosync.E.Thismeanseatingalargerbreakfast,amedium-sizedlunchandnodinner.F.Likeablockinamachineextraglucoseslowsourmetabolicprocessdown.G.Theadvicetoeatbreakfastlikeaking,lunchlikeaprinceanddinnerlikeabeggarhasnewsciencebehindit.【答案】13.D14.C15.F16.E17.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了不吃晚餐是否可以減肥的問題，一項新的研究發現，人類能量系統的運作方式與此類似：我們的新陳代謝可能在早晨運轉最佳，此時我們的身體充滿活力。且實行18個小時夜間禁食的人，比如從下午1點到早上7點，體重最低。【13題詳解】根據上文“Ifyourphoneneedsasoftwareupgrade,youwouldlikelyruntheoperationwhenitsfullycharged.(如果你的手機需要軟件升級，你可能會在充滿電的時候運行該操作)”以及后文“Anewstudyfindshumanenergysystemsoperateinasimilarfashion:Ourmetabolismslikelyfunctionbestinthemorningwhenourbodiesarefreshandfullycharged.(一項新的研究發現，人類的能量系統以類似的方式運作：我們的新陳代謝可能在早晨運轉最佳，當我們的身體充滿活力和能量時)”可知，上文提到在手機充滿電的時候進行軟件升級，可知本句承接上文說明這一做法的原因：否則，你的手機和它的軟件同步需要更長的時間，D選項中software對應上文中software。故D選項“否則，你的手機和它的軟件同步需要更長的時間”符合語境，故選D。【14題詳解】根據上文“Specifically,peoplewhoeatlargerbreakfastsandadoptan18-hourovernightfast,sayfrom1pmto7am,havethelowestbodyweights.(具體來說，那些早餐吃得多，并實行18個小時夜間禁食的人，比如從下午1點到早上7點，體重最低)”可知，上文提到了體重最低的情況，本句為本段最后一句，應說明體重最高的人的飲食習慣。故C選項“那些在晚上6點以后吃東西的人體重更高”符合語境，故選C。【15題詳解】根據上文“Contrarytothepopularbelief,theseextendedovernightfastsseemtohelpincreasemetabolicfunction.LeadauthorDrHanaKahleovafindsmealsconsumedintheevening,comparedtothoseeateninthemorning,resultinhigherbloodsugar,whichhappenswheninsulincannotprocessglucoseintoenergy.(與普遍的看法相反，這些延長的夜間禁食似乎有助于提高新陳代謝功能。該研究的主要作者HanaKahleova博士發現，與早上的飲食相比，晚上的飲食會導致血糖升高，胰島素無法將葡萄糖轉化為能量)”可知，上文提到了晚上的飲食會導致血糖升高，胰島素無法將葡萄糖轉化為能量，可知本句應承接上文說明其結果是：額外的葡萄糖減慢了我們的新陳代謝過程，故F選項“就像機器里的一個障礙物一樣，額外的葡萄糖減慢了我們的新陳代謝過程”符合語境，故選F。【16題詳解】根據上文“Whatdoesthismeanforyou?Dependingonyourgoalsandhealthstatus,youmayconsiderrearrangingyourmeals.Ifyou'relookingtolose10pounds,the18-to19-hourovernightfastmightworkwellforyou.(這對你來說意味著什么？根據你的目標和健康狀況，你可以考慮重新安排你的飲食。如果你想減掉10磅，18到19個小時的夜間禁食可能對你很有效)”可知，上文提到了18到19個小時的夜間禁食有助于減肥，夜間禁食即晚餐不吃，故E選項“這意味著早餐吃得多一點，午餐吃中份，晚餐不吃”符合語境，故選E。【17題詳解】根據后文“Peoplewhomaintainhighlyactivelifestyles,forinstance,andneedadequatefueltopowermorningrunsorhelpmusclefibersrecoverfromintenseeveningworkoutslikeweightliftingmightnotbenefit.Still,theconceptprovidesaninsightintohowourbodiesusefuelefficiently.(例如，那些保持高度活躍生活方式的人，需要充足的燃料來為晨跑提供動力，或者幫助肌肉纖維從舉重等晚間緊張鍛煉中恢復過來，可能不會受益。盡管如此，這個概念提供了一個洞察我們的身體如何有效地使用燃料)”可知，后文舉例說明了不會從這一方法中受益的人群，可見這個方法不適用于所有人。故A選項“當然，這種方法并不適用于所有人”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言知識運用（共三節，滿分37.5分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iwassurprisedtolearnthesleepingarrangementsattheloghome(木屋)weweresharingwithmyparents-in-lawfortheweek—specificallythatmyyoungdaughterhadagreedtosleepinafirst-floorbedroombyherself.“Ihopewecanseea____18____ortwothisweek!”mywifeshouted,aswediscussedthenumberofdeerwehadspottedonourwayuptotheloghome.Atbedtime,mywifeandIwenttotheupstairsroom,andmyparents-in-law____19____abedroomonthefirstfloor.MywifeandIwereabouttofallasleep____20____ourdaughterappearedwitha____21____lookonherface.Shesaidabearwasscratchingatherwindow.I____22____itwouldbebestifIsleptdownstairsandmydaughter____23____tap...oomwithmywife.Onmywaydown,Ipassedmyfather-in-law,asleepinfrontofthetelevision.Onlyacoupleofminutesinbed,Iheardatap...taponthewindow.Somethingwas____24____outthere,butitwasn'tabear—____25____that'swhatItoldmyselfSometimelater,Iwas____26____byaloud,low-pitchedgrowl(低吼).Isawalarge_____27_____inthedoorwayand_____28_____asitinchedclosertome.Irealizedwhatitwas—onlyaftermyfather-in-lawleanedintogivemea_____29_____.Isaidinmydeepestvoice,"Dad,it'sme."Myfather-in-lawjumpedback.Webothlaughed_____30_____atthatmoment,andIexplainedhisgranddaughter'sbedroom_____31_____.ItoldhimthattheonlythingscarierthanabearattackwasPapaBearcomingintokissmegood-night.Hesmiledin_____32_____.18.A.deer B.bear C.tiger D.elephant19.A.laidout B.touchedon C.headedfor D.adaptedto20.A.while B.before C.after D.when21.A.confused B.worried C.determined D.excited22.A.decided B.doubted C.demanded D.debated23.A.provided B.impressed C.presented D.shared24.A.rather B.just C.indeed D.already25.A.atleast B.atfirst C.atlast D.atbest26.A.choked B.awakened C.recalled D.twisted27.A.picture B.sign C.character D.figure28.A.froze B.watched C.screamed D.discovered29.A.hug B.smile C.sigh D.kiss30.A.awkwardly B.pitifully C.unwillingly D.happily31.A.location B.reservation C.exchange D.decoration32.A.disappointment B.agreement C.curiosity D.anxiety【答案】18.B19.C20.D21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.B27.D28.A29.D30.A31.C32.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述作者一家去岳父母家時，睡在一樓的女兒覺得窗外有熊，感到害怕，所以作者決定和女兒換房間。沒睡多久一個巨大的身影過來給作者晚安吻，作者意識剛剛自己看到巨大身影是岳父，這時兩人都尷尬地笑了。【18題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我希望這周我們可以看見一兩頭熊。”A.deer鹿；B.bear熊；C.tiger老虎；D.elephant大象。根據下文的“Shesaidabearwasscratchingatherwindow.”可推知，因為作者的妻子白天提到了熊，所以女兒晚上才會覺得窗外有熊。故選B。【19題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：睡覺時，我和妻子去樓上的房間，而我的岳父母則前往一樓的一張床。A.laidout放置；B.touchedon觸碰，與……有關；C.headedfor前往；D.adaptedto適應。因為是睡覺時間，所以此處是指作者的岳父母去一樓的床上睡覺。故選C。【20題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我和妻子正要睡著時，突然女兒帶著擔心的表情出現了。A.while當，盡管；B.before在……之前；C.after在……之后；D.when當。此處為固定句型：was/wereabouttodosth.when“過去正要做某事突然……”。故選D。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我和妻子正要睡著時，突然女兒帶著擔心的表情出現了。A.confused困惑的；B.worried擔心的；C.determined堅決的；D.excited興奮的，激動的。根據下文的“Shesaidabearwasscratchingatherwindow”可知，窗外出現了一頭熊，女兒應該很擔心。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我決定我在樓下，女兒和妻子一起睡是最好的。A.decided決定；B.doubted懷疑；C.demanded要求；D.debated辯論，討論。根據上文的“Shesaidabearwasscratchingatherwindow.”可知，鑒于這種情況，作者決定自己在樓下睡，而女兒則和妻子睡。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我決定我在樓下，女兒和妻子一起睡是最好的。A.provided提供；B.impressed使……印象深刻，使……銘記；C.presented展現，展示；D.shared分享，共用。根據上文的“Isleptdownstairs”可知，作者去了樓下，女兒和妻子睡，即她們共用一個房間。故選D。【24題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那兒的確有什么東西，但不是一頭熊——至少我這樣告訴自己。A.rather相當；B.just僅僅；C.indeed的確；D.already已經。根據上文的“tap...datap...taponthewindow.”可知，作者聽到敲窗的聲音，確定窗外的確有什么東西。故選C。【25題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：那兒確有什么東西，但不是一頭熊——至少我這樣告訴自己。A.atleast至少；B.atfirst首先；C.atlast最后；D.atbest頂多，充其量。結合語境可知，作者只知道窗外有東西，但不確定是什么，由此推知，為了給自己壯膽，他告訴自己不是熊，用“至少”符合語境。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一段時間后，我被一陣低沉的咆哮聲驚醒。A.choked窒息；B.awakened喚醒；C.recalled回憶；D.twisted扭轉。根據下文的“aloud,low-pitchedgrowl”可知，低沉的咆哮聲把作者驚醒了。故選B。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到門口有一個巨大的身影，當它慢慢靠近我時，我愣住了。A.picture圖片，圖畫；B.sign標志，手勢；C.character性格；D.figure體型，數字，身影。因為是晚上，所以作者只能看到一個身影。故選D。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到門口有一個巨大的身影，當它慢慢靠近我時，我愣住了。A.froze冰凍、僵住、停止；B.watched觀看；C.screamed尖叫；D.discovered發現。根據上文的“tap...datap...taponthewindow.”和下文的“asitinchedclosertome”可知，作者以為是熊在門口，所以嚇得愣住了。故選A。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的岳父俯身給我一個吻時，我意識到是什么。A.hug擁抱；B.smile微笑；C.sigh嘆息；D.kiss吻。根據上文的“Ipassedmyfather-in-law,asleepinfrontofthetelevision.”可知，作者的岳父不知道睡在這里的是作者，以為是外孫女，所以打算給外孫女一個晚安吻。故選D。【30題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那時，我們都尷尬地笑了，我解釋說他外孫女和我換了房間。A.awkwardly尷尬地，笨拙地；B.pitifully可憐地，可恨地；C.unwillingly不情愿地；D.happily開心地。根據上文的“Isaidinmydeepestvoice,"Dad,it'sme."Myfather-in-lawjumpedback.”可知，這時兩人都覺得很尷尬。故選A。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那時，我們都尷尬地笑了，我解釋說他外孫女和我換了房間。A.location方位；B.reservation預定，保留地；C.exchange交換；D.decoration裝飾。根據上文的“itwouldbebestifIsleptdownstairsandmydaughter____6____theroomwithmywife.”可知，女兒和作者換了房間睡。故選C。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他微笑表示同意。A.disappointment失望；B.agreement同意，協議；C.curiosity好奇，好奇心；D.anxiety焦慮。根據上文的“Webothlaughed____13____atthatmoment”可推知，岳父也同意作者所說的話——岳父給作者晚安吻比熊襲擊還可怕。故選B。第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Chinaisthefirstcountrytoproduceandusesilk.Silkis____33____(main)producedinthesouthoftheYangtzeRiverDelta,____34____famoussilkproducingregionsarelocated.SilkclothproductionwaswelladvancedduringtheShangDynasty.Itisthoughtthatsilk____35____(export)alongtheSilkRoadroutes.Silkisstrong,butitisn'tstretchy(有彈性的).Ifitisstretched,itdoesn'treturntotheprevious____36____(long).Oneproblemwithsilkisthatsomeinsectsfind____37____delicious.____38____realsilkcontainsis100%naturalsilk,whichcanprovideafeelingofcomfort.Itreflectsincominglightatdifferentangles,thus____39____(produce)differentcolors.Handwashingisrecommendedwiththesilkclothesinsideout.Silkwouldbesofterandsmootherifplacedinthewaterwithseveraldropsofvinegarbeforewashing;silkwouldfadeif____40____(expose)tothesun____41____longperiodsoftime.Don'thangthesilkproductsontothesharpormetalhooktoavoid_____42_____(intention)damage.Chi