頻繁善變——名詞、形容詞和副詞

語

法

填

空1.(2020·高考浙江卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe___________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.2.(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Inthe18thand19thcenturies，____(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants，historicalobjectsandworksofart.3.(2018·高考全國卷Ⅲ)I'ma___________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.4.(2021.八省聯考）A___________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.5.(2018全國卷I)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto 68 (strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),(一)名詞[析考點·規律探秘]

seasonswealthyscientiststudent’sstrengthen[自主歸納]考向1名詞單復數___________2詞性轉換___________3名詞的所有格___________12,3,54名詞-形容詞、動詞、名詞[考點提煉]（1）普通名詞在詞尾-s

例如：river→rivers（2）詞尾是-s，-x，-ch，-sh時，一般加-es；例如：bus→buseswatch→watches（3）詞尾是輔音字母＋y時，變y為i，再加-es;例如：hobby→hobbies；enemy→enemies（4）復數形式有特殊變化的名詞。1.名詞復數例如：child→children；man→men;mouse→mice;oo--ee:toothgoosefoot;f/fe--ves:wifeknifewolfthiefshelfselflifehalfleafself

roofproofchief→直接加sum--a:mediumbacteriumon--a：criterionphenomenono后加es:herotomatopotato其他以o結尾加s某國人：--sGermanIndianAmericanCanadianman--menFrenchmanEnglishman（1）單數名詞和不以-s結尾的復數名詞通常在詞尾加-’s。theboy'sschoolbagchildren’sbooks（2）以-s或-es結尾的復數名詞，形式為-s’或-es’。teachers'office2.名詞所有格3.詞性變換：名詞--形容詞person--personal

science--scientific

harm--harmful

adventure--adventurous

desire--desirable

convenience--convenient

friend--friendly

[解題規則]1.首先要分析該空的句子成分,再確定詞性和詞形,如果作表語/定語/賓補語，通常用形容詞形式。(2020全國卷II)The69

(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.(2019全國卷II)Wearesoproudofher.Itis

70

(wonder).”(2019全國卷III)Theyalsoshared

withusmany67

(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere 68hugely

(huge)popular

withtourists.(2019浙江III)Schooluniformsare65

(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtoget

ridofthem.(2018全國卷II)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal

67

(globe)fertilizerconsumption.beautifulwonderfultraditionaltraditionalglobal(1)有these，those，several，many，all，both等詞修飾時,用復數形式。2.分析句子成分后若發現詞性不需要改變，則一般考查所給名詞的復數形式，當確定所填詞是可數名詞時，需要考慮其單復數問題。除了根據上下文語境之外，還可以通過以下信息判斷：

(2018全國卷I)amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).(2017全國卷I)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity61asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)

(2017浙江)LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall 56 (carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2016全國卷I)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew 69 (day)withhissistercauseseffectscarrotsdays(2)如果空格處作主語，且謂語動詞是單數形式，則空格處應填名詞單數形式；若謂語動詞是復數形式,則空格處應填名詞復數形式。(2016全國卷II)Recent 66 (study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.studies(3)名詞前有oneof時用名詞復數形式。

I

had

made

arrangements

for

my

affairs

to

be

dealt

with

by

one

of

my___________(child)children3.分析句子成分后，如果作定語表示“……的”，

則一般考查名詞的所有格(2021八省聯考)A___________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.student’s

(二)形容詞和副詞[析考點·規律探秘]1.(2020·高考全國卷Ⅱ)___________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod，thisplantisamust.2.(2020·高考全國卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmoved___________(gentle)alongtheriver,hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.3.(2020·高考全國卷Ⅲ)Oneday,theemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir___________(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.certainlyfinest4.(2017·高考全國卷I)Even

(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.5.Thefarsideof

themoonisofparticular64

(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeep

craters(環形山).worsegentlyinterest[自主歸納]考向對應題號1形容詞、副詞、名詞的轉換2形容詞和副詞的比較級或最高級1,2，53,4形容詞----副詞、名詞[考點提煉]1.形容詞變副詞（1）一般情況下直接加-ly,例如：quick-quickly；（2）以-y結尾的,先將y改成i,再加-ly,如happy-happily；（3）大多數以e結尾的形容詞直接加-ly:polite-politely,

wide-widely；

少數以e結尾的形容詞,去掉e再加-ly:true-truly;

以le結尾的形容詞把e-y:possible-possibly,comfortable-comfortably,terrible-terribly,simple-simply(4)詞尾--ally的形容詞，specific,energetic2.形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級（1）一般的單音節詞詞尾直接加-er/-est:fast--faster--fastest（2）以e結尾的單詞加-r/-st:wide--wider--widest（3）以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節單音節詞，雙寫結尾的輔音字母，再加-er/-est:hot--hotter--hottest（4）以輔音字母+y結尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er/-est:happy--happier--happiest（5）多音節詞和少數雙音節詞，在前面加more/most構成比較級和最高級：expensive--moreexpensive--mostexpensive(6)不規則變化many/much--more--mostgood/well--better--bestlittle--less--leastbad/ill--worse--worstfar--farther/further--farthest/furthest3.形容詞變名詞interesting--interestaware--awarenessflexible-flexibilitycurious--curiosityvarious--variety[解題規則]1.修飾動詞(短語)、介詞(短語)、形容詞、副詞或整個句子時：

填副詞.(2021浙江)But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandrural

peoplein

manycountrieshadnarrowed

63

(sharp).(2020全國卷II）66

(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantis

amust.(2020全國卷I）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62

(extreme)

challenging.(2018全國卷II）Atasteformeatis63 (actual)behindthechange.sharplycertainlyextremelyactuallya填形容詞或副詞比較級的提示(1)比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather，much，still，even,far，any，alot，

alittle，agreatdeal，byfar，abit等。(2)提示詞:than、其他句中對應單詞(3)比較級句式2.所給詞是形容詞或副詞，詞性不需要變化時，多數情況

填比較級或最高級(2019全國卷I）...leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare 68(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2018全國卷I）Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears 61(long)thannon-runners.

(2018浙江）Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.（2017全國卷I）Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.

（2016全國卷II）Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof61(great)andlessimportance.worsehigherlongerhighergreater

(2021新高考I）Thecolderthetemperaturegets,the______(hot)thespring!hotterb．填形容詞或副詞最高級的提示(1)三者或三者以上的比較用最高級。表示范圍的標志詞

有in，of，among等。(2)常見的最高級的修飾語：序數詞，byfar，nearly，

almost等。(2018·高考全國卷Ⅲ)Thatmakesherbabyscream，andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe___________(loud)ofall.loudest(2019全國卷III)Filledwith64 (curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.3.所給詞為形容詞，轉換為名詞。a.作主語以及及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞,(還要考慮一下是否可數

(2020山東)Historical 44 (accurate)isimportantbutsoisenvironment.b.在冠詞/形容詞/形容詞性物主代詞或“冠詞+形容詞”后，用名詞形式。

Recognizingwhatyourbadeatinghabitsareisofgreat___________(important)incorrectingthebehavior.curiosityaccuracyimportance1．(2020·大慶模擬)Hunterisa___________(true)warmperson，believingthatpatientsneedmorethanadoctor.2．(2020·新余一模)Shortlyafterwards，hefoundthathehad___________(heavy)loadstocarryandharderworkinthebrick-field，andaskedforanotherchangeagain.3．Accordingtomanydeafpeopleallaroundtheworld，themost___________(practice)andpopularwayofcommunicatingiswithsignlanguage.trulyheavierpractical[題型鞏固]4．(2020·合肥一中期末)Chinesescientistsrecentlyhadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery______________(care)mother.5．(2020·黑龍江哈爾濱六中模擬)Wefeltsafeforthenexthalfhoursowedecidedtogoeven___________(far)．6．(2020·長沙二模)Butthatdidn'tpreventtheboyfrombecomingoneofthe___________(great)composersofalltime.carefulfarthergr