高考英語特殊句式2012,11，28一?強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+原句其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為“人”時用who/that，否則都用that。注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不能是謂語動詞。ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.It'smewhoheblamed.Itwaswhatyoudidthatmademesatisfied.ItisIwho/thataminchargeofthefactory.【考點一】考查not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。ItwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksIfoundwehadalotincommon.A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn'tuntil;whenD.wasn'tuntil;that【考點二】考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Wasit___hewasseriouslyillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday?hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.WhenitwasB.ItwaswhenC.WasitwhenD.Whenwas【考點三】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但這類句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+it+is/was+that+其他部分。WherewasitthatyoumettheFrenchman?electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife?A.WhywasitthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhyisitD.Whyitisthat【難點一】正確判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。Itwastheschoolgate___Imetanoldfriendofmineafterclass.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?【難點二】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與Itis/was+時間+when/before從句；Itbe+時間+sinee從句；Itbelong...before...等句型的區(qū)別。ItwasatmidnightIgotbackhomeyesterday■②ItwasmidnightIgotbackhomeyesterdayItistwoyears___IbegantolearnEnglish.④Itmaybemanyyearsthesituationimproves.二.倒裝定義：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種：完全倒裝：指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。1)Upwenttherocketintotheair.2)Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.3)Ontopofthehillstandsatalltree.4)Herecomesthebus.部分倒裝：指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1)Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.2)NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.3)Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled形式倒裝：在語法上又被稱為前置。它的特點是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首，主謂并不倒裝。1)Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!2)ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.3)Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.【考點一】部分倒裝(1)句首狀語為否定詞(組)或半否定詞(組)的句子。這類詞或短語主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly,innoway,atnotime,few,not,no等。LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.(2)only+狀語放在句首，要部分倒裝。注意，only修飾主語不倒裝。Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.⑶so/such…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首。Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.“neither/nor＋助動詞／系動詞／情態(tài)動詞＋主語”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”；“so+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示〃某人或某事亦是如此”。注意：①當(dāng)陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語動詞既有實義動詞又有助動詞時，可用下面兩個句型：Itisthesamewith...或Soitiswith...。Eg：Jackisastudentandhestudieshard.ItisthesamewithTom.②“S0+主語+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞”表示“某人或某事確實如此”?！狪remindedyounottoforgettheappointment.—Soyoudid.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有were,had，should時,可省略if,再把were,should或had移到從句句首。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Mayyousucceed!【考點二】完全倒裝Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動詞的動詞有：exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.“Here/There/Now/Then+come(或be等)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。①本句型中there是副詞，應(yīng)重讀，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點。而Therebe句型中there本身沒意義。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Therecomesthebus.②此句型中的主語必須是名詞。如果主語是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。Thereshecomes.(3)表示方向的副詞out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。但主語是代詞時用部分倒裝IncameMrWhite.Awaywenttheboy.Outshewent.表示地點的介詞短語(如:onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse等)放在句首時要全部倒裝。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!其他形式的完全倒裝。PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.Eastofthecityliesanewrailway.Firsttobecompletedwastheseven-storeyteachingbuilding.Gonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.Lyingonthefloorwasaboyaged15.三．省略省略句是英語的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時出于修辭上的需要，。其特點是：雖在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略”然省去句子語法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷。。其特點是：雖【考點一】考查狀語從句的省略在以when,while,if,asif,though(although),as,whether,once,whenever等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若從句的主語是it或與主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有be動詞時，常省略從句的主語和be,引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語等。Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.【考點二】不定式符號to的省略感官實義動詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動詞have,make,let等后接不定式作賓補時,省略不定式to；donothingbut,can't(help/choose)but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式；在口語中,為了避免重復(fù),不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動詞原形而只保留不定式符號to。但to后如有be,have則保留。Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.Sandycoulddonothingbutadmittohisteacherthathewaswrong.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn'twant.—Areyouasailor?—No,butIused__.【考點三】替代詞so/not的省略用于避免重復(fù)前面說過的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容?？膳cbelieve,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I'mafraid,if等連用。否定時hope與guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式,而think,believe,suppose等其他詞可有兩種否定形式,即：Ithinknot或Idon'tthinkso?！猈illyoubeabletofinishyourreporttoday?—Ihopeso.—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?——Iguessnot.四．反義疑問句反義疑問句即附加疑問句,是對陳述句所表示的事實或觀點提出疑問的句子。反義疑問句由兩部分組成：前肯后否,前否后肯。兩部分的人稱時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。祈使句的反義疑問句用willyou表示“請求”，或用wontyou表示提醒對方注意；在否定的祈使句后,只能用willyou。Lookattheblackboard,willyou/won'tyou?Let's引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示〃建議”時，反意疑問句部分用shallwe。Let'sgohome,shallwe/shan'tweL/metamyIe?/ushaveatry,willyou/won'tyou?Don'tforget,willyou?感嘆句用be的一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式Whatfineweather,isn'tit?主語是不定代詞one時，主語可以用one，也可用he(美式英語)Oneshouldbereadytohelpothers,shouldn'tone?含有否定詞：few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,noone,nobody,nothing,none,neither等反意疑問句部分用肯定Heisneverlateforschool,ishe?Hehardlyknowsanythingaboutcomputer,doeshe?含的否定詞是通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成，反意疑問句部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu)Itisunfair,isn'tit?主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語而定；若主從復(fù)合句為含Ithink/believe/suppose...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，與從句的主、謂語保持一致。TheyagreedthattheUnitedStatesshouldn'tmakeawaronIraq,didn'tthey?Idon'tthinkhewillcome,willhe?Isuppose（that）heisserious,isn'the?并列句謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定Iwon'tgothere,buthewillgoinstead,won'the?therebe句型用thereTherewasahospitalhere,wasn'tthere?含有hadbetter用hadn'tWehadbettergothereatonce,hadn'twe?11.含有情態(tài)動詞must，must表示“必須”，反意疑問句部分為mustn't...?/needn't...?must表示推測時，反意疑問句部分與must后面的動詞呼應(yīng)。Wemustn'tbelate,mustwe?Youmustgohomenow,needn'tyou?/mustn'tyou?Tommustbeathomenow，isn'the?含usedto表示"過去常常”，didn't+主語或usedn't+主語HeusedtoliveinChina,usedn't/didn'the?wouldrather/liketo+v.wouldn't+主語Hewouldratherstayathome,wouldn'the?五．Therebe句型Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時）有某人（某物）”，其基本句型為“Therebe+某物或某人+某地或某時”,其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；be是謂語動詞；“某人或某物”是句子的主語;“某地或某時”作句子的狀語,多為介詞短語?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：Thereisaflowerinthebottle.Therearefourchairsandasmallbedintheroom.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：1.在正式文體中，某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動詞也可以與there連用，如：appear,seem,come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise等。Thereexistmanyancienttemplesinthecountry.Thereliesasmallvillageinthemountain.Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.TherefollowedtheFirstWorldWar.Thereflashedthroughhismindtheimageofaheroicfighter.there+情態(tài)動詞+be表示“預(yù)見”、“可能”、“必然”或“過去習(xí)慣存在”等。Theremightbesomedessertsifyouwaitabit.Thereoughttohavebeensomeoneondutyallthetime.theretobe或there+being形式，稱為非限定存在句，可以作主語、賓語、介詞補足語，狀Weexpecttheretobenoobjections.Therebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome.【考點一】Therebe句型的主謂一致當(dāng)Therebe后面的名詞是兩個或兩個以上時，Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞要遵循“就近一致”原則，即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上