GrammarDirectandindirectspeech媽媽說:”杰克是個好工人“.Mothersaid:”Jackisagoodworker.”媽媽說杰克是個好工人。MothersaidthatJackisagoodworker直接引語：間接引語Directspeech:Indirectspeech:一、如何變人稱：

口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：

He

said

to

Kate.

"How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：

Mr.

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr.

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.二.時態的變化：1.當主句動詞為一般現在時或現在完成時一般將來時的時候，從句動詞時態不變。1)Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”變為：Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.2)“Youdidverywell,”IhavejusttoldTom.變為：IhavejusttoldTomthathedidverywell.Shewillsay,“I'lldoittomorrow.”→Shewillsaythatshe'lldoitthenextday.2.主句謂語動詞為一般過去時的時候，從句謂語動詞要發生相應的變化。一般現在時現在進行時現在完成時現在完成進行時一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時一般將來時一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成進行時過去完成時過去完成進行時過去完成時過去將來時①.一般現在時變一般過去時：

Thegirlsaid,“I'msorryforbeinglateforclass.”

→Thegirlsaidthatshewassorryforbeinglateforclass.②.一般過去時變過去完成時：

Hesaidtome,“Imetyourfather.”

→Hetoldmethathehadmetmyfather.1).時態需要變化的是：③.一般將來時變過去將來時：

Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”

→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.④.現在完成時變過去完成時：

Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”

→Shesaidthatshehadlostapen⑤.現在進行時變過去進行時：

Shesaidtome,“I’mstudyingJapanesethesedays.”

→ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesethosedays.注意：下列情況時態不變。1不變的真理。Theteachersaidtothestudents,”Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelowzero.”改為：Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelowzero.2.有具體的過去年月日：

XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”

→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,19803.經常的習慣。Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.4.歷史事件。Theteachersaid,”WorldWarIIendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.”5.部分情態動詞，如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等。Shesaidtome,”Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.情態動詞沒有過去時的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)或已經是過去時的形式時(could,should,would,might)：

Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”

→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”

→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.6.過去完成時：Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”→Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.7.過去進行時：

Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”

→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.8.一般現在時(表示所述事實在當時和目前同樣生效)：Hesaid,“I’maboy,notagirl.”

→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.四、如何變句型：

①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。

She

said,

"Our

bus

will

arrive

in

five

minutes.“→She

said

that

their

bus

would

arrive

in

five

minutes.

②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.He

said,

"Can

you

swim,

John?“

→He

asked

John

if

he

could

swim。

“Do

you

go

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike?”

→He

asked

me

if

I

went

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike.③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。

She

asked

me,

"When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.She

asked

me,

"What

wasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→She

asked

mewhat

Jackwasdoingwhenshecamein.④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為“Tell(ask,

order,

beg等)

sb

(not)

to

do

sth.”句型

。如：1."Don't

make

any

noise,"

theteacher

said

to

the

students.

→She

told

(ordered)

the

students

not

to

make

any

noise.

2.“Openthedoor,

please,"

said

she.→She

asked

him

to

openthedoor.⑤直接引語如果是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變為間接引語時，通常用“suggest

+動句詞（或從句）”如：

He

said,

"Let's

go

to

the

movies."

→He

suggested

going

to

the

movies.或He

suggested

that

they

should

go

to

see

the

movies.

Summary1當直接引語是陳述句：由(that)引導主語（said)that+句子（時態往過去推told2當直接引語是一般疑問句:用if引導whether主語（asked)if+一般疑問句(主謂結構）whether竅門（do/does/did去掉）（be/can/may/must/will/should放主語后）

3.當直接引語是特殊疑問句時，用原來的特殊疑問詞引導（what/where等）主語asked+what特殊疑問句（主謂）where4當直接引語是祈使句時用句型：主語+toldsb(not)todosthaskedorderedchangethedirectspeechintoreportedspeech1Thegirlsaid,“Iwillhaveaparty.”Thegirlsaid(that)shewouldhaveaparty.2Heaskedme,“Isyourfatheradoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whethermyfatherwasadoctor.3Thepoliceaskedtheman,“Whereareyougoing?”Thepoliceaskedthemanwherehewasgoing.4MothersaidtoTom,“getupearlier!”Mothertold/askedTomtogetupearlier.5Theteachersaidtous,“Don`ttalkinclass!”Theteachertold

/askedusnottotalkinclass.6Theteachersaid,“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.記住：指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞this,thesethat,those時間狀語nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek...thenthatdaythedaybeforethenextdaythatweek...thenextweek地點狀語herethere動詞comego由直接引語轉變為間接引語,下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等可能要變化。直接引語間接引語thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday直接引語間接引語thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here三.代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞的變化。thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringherethat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/todaythenextdayintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here指示代詞變化1).this---that

Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”→Hesaidthathewantedthat.2).these---those

Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.△(如果轉述發生在當天、當地的事，引語中的(come,here,today,thismorning,yesterday,tomorrow)等不必改變：

Bob’swifesaid,“Bob,youforgotyourwalletthismorning.”

→Bob’swifetoldBobthatheforgothiswalletthismorning.時間狀語變化1).now---then

Hesaid,“Iamverybusynow.”

→Hesaidhewasverybusythen.2).today---thatday

Kittysaid“I’llcallagainaftersuppertoday.”

→Kittysaidshewouldcallagainaftersupperthatday.3).tonight---thatnight

Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”

→Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.4).thisweek(month,etc)---thatweek(month,etc)

“Iwilltakethedictionaryhomewithmethisweek,”hesaid.

→Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionaryhomewithhimthatweek.5).yesterday---thedaybefore

Hesaid,“Iboughtabikeyesteray.”

→Hesaidthathehadboughtabikethedaybefore.6).yestersaymorning---themorningbefore

Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”

→Hesaidhehadarrivedthemorningbefore.7).thedaybeforeyesterday---twodaysbefore

Hesaid,“Isawafilmthedaybeforeyesteray.”

→Hesaidthathehadseenafilmtwodaysbefore.8).lastweek(month,etc)---theweek(month,etc)before

Shesaid,“HeleftforShanghailastweek.”

→ShesaidthathehadleftforShanghaitheweekbefore.9).tomorrow---thenext(following)day

Shesaid,“I'lldoittomorrow.”

→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextday.10).tomorrowmorning---thenext(following)morning

Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”

→Shesaidthathersisterwouldbebackthenextmorning.11).thedayaftertomorrow---intwodays’time

Shesaidtome,“IwillvisitShanghaithedayaftertomorrow.”

→ShetoldmethatshewouldvisitShanghaiintwodays’time.12).nextweek(month,etc)---thenext(following)week(month,etc)

Heasked,“Whereisshegoingnextweek?”

→Heaskedherwhereshewasgoingthenextweek.13).a/oneyear(twoyears)ago---a/oneyear(twoyears)before

“Whathappenedtohertwoyearsago?”heasked.

→Heasked(her)whathadhappenedtohertwoyearsbefore.5.地點狀語變化1).here---there

如：

Hesaid,“I’llcomeheretonight.”

→Hesaidhewouldgotherethatnight.△如果轉述發生在當天、當地的事，引語中的here不必改變：6.動詞變化1).bring---take

Hesaid,“Iwillbringthedictionarytoyoutonight.”

→Hesaidthathewouldtakethedictionarytomethatnight.2).come---go

Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”

→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.3).can---could

Tomsaid,“Icanswimacrossthisriver.”

→Tomsaidthathecouldswimthatriver.4).may---might

MarysaidtoJim,“Youmaygohomenow.”

→MarytoldJimthathemightgohomethen.5).must---hadto(wouldhaveto)

如：

“Youmuststayinbedforafewdays,”saidthedoctor.

→ThedoctortoldmethatIhadtostayinbedforafewdays.△如果轉述發生在當天、當地的事，引語中的come不必改變：Practicemakesperfect!改錯：1.JohnsaidthatheisgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.2.HetoldmethathehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.3.TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontohispronunciation.4.Hesaidthesebookswerehis.5.Shesaidthatshewouldgothisevening6.Hesaidthathewaswashinghisclothesnow.7.ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingJapanesthesedays.答案：1.is---was

2.has---had

3.his---my

4.these---those

5.this---that

6.now---then

7.these---thoseExercise1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtakenrisesgoestoldhadbeforehadbeforehadthere8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme______________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.ifa