PredictinganAuthor’sIdeas

Exercise

Onewaytoreadeffectivelyistopredict.Makingpredictionswhilereadingkeepsyourmindinvolvedinthepassage.Itisagreataidinunderstandingwhatcomesnext.

TakeSectionAforexample:

I.PredictinganAuthor’sIdeasWheredoprinciplescomefirst?FindtheanswertothequestionQ1:Whataretheprinciples?FindtheanswertothequestionII.Exercise

MakeYourPrediction1.Buyingapersonalcomputerisnevereasy,nomatterhowmuchyouknowaboutthem.

Youexpecttheauthortomention______.avarietyofchoices,therangeofprices,variousmakesandmodels,andadvicefromeveryangle…2.InbothJapanandChina,peoplehavelongbelievedthatearthquakescanbeforecast.Youpredicttheauthoristomention_______.InJapan,scientistshavewiredtheEarthandseatodetectmovements.TheChinesehavetraditionallywatchedanimalsandplantsforwarningsignsofearthquakes.Forexample,…

MakingComparison

&TakingNotes

Oneofthetechniquestoextendtheideasismakingcomparisonindetails.Paras.1-3Wedifferinthedecision-makingapproach.WhatisthemostimportantthinginJapan?Whatcanitexplain?KeyItisimportantwhichorganizationyouworkfor.ItexplainsthegreaterjobstabilityinJapan,incontrasttothegreatjobmobilityinAmerica.Paras.4-12LetmetrytodescribethreeorfourcharacteristicsoftheJapaneseenvironment…(L11)1.ItoYou

VS

YoutoYou

Westerners:presentargumentsfromtheirownpointofview;sometimessetupconfrontation.

Japanese:trytounderstandtheotherperson’spointofview;trytoreduceconfrontationandachieveharmony.2.Consensus

Opinion

VS

Bottom-upDirection

Westerners:proceedmostlyfromtopmanagementandoftendonotconsultmiddlemanagementortheworker.Japanese:travelupwardthroughanorganizationandhaveanimpactontheeventualdecision.3.WesternCommunicationStyleVSWesterners:deadlineapproach.

Japanese:thoroughjobapproach.Westerners:specificdecision.

Westerners:taketimeforin-depthplanning.JapaneseCommunicationStyle

Japanese:broaddirection.

Japanese:

moveforward,implementthedecision.Paras.13-17Thereisacommitmentandsenseofresponsibilitywhichhavenotyetbeendiscardedinthisageofmachines.(L47)

Examplesaregiventoillustratetheidea.NomuraSecurities:managetoescapethepapertrafficjam;mostinsistonstayinguntilthejobisdone.Matsushita:becomethemanagerofthesalesdepartment;willingtohelp.Nomuracompany:paybackforworkers’loyaltyandcommitment.Translation1.Aparticularpatternofmanagementbehaviordevelopsfromacomplexmixtureofuniqueculturalfactors—andwillonlyworkwithinagivenculture.(L9)某一特定的管理行為模式，是由于獨特的文化因素復合發(fā)展而成的—因而僅在一定的文化中起作用。2.The“youtoyou”approachpracticedinJapanisbasedoneachside—automaticallyandoftenunconsciously—tryingtounderstandtheotherperson’spointofview.(L19)日本人所采用的“你對你”的方式則建立在各方—

自然而然地并常常是下意識地—力圖理解對方觀點的基礎之上。3.ButwheretheAmericanispressingforaspecificdecision,theJapaneseistryingtodevisearatherbroaddirection.(L38)但美國人總是急于做出具體決策，而日本人卻試著指定一個大方向。ChinesetoEnglishOldtoNewTranslation

I.OldtoNewdifficulttounderstandabletomovebetter,strongergoforadviceeasilydamagedthrowawaycomplexmobilesuperiorconsultdelicatediscardremovemakeaneffortabletochangefallbehindbegintodealwithpossiblehonestshowingexperiencedismissexertflexiblelagbehindcometogripswithfeasiblesinceresophisticatedII.ChinesetoEnglish

文化差異解決問題做決定工作穩(wěn)定性文化因素解決問題的方法culturaldifferencessolvetheproblemmakeadecisionjobstabilityculturalfactorsanapproachtoaproblem區(qū)別坦率提出自己的觀點共同努力減少對峙謀求和諧·····的(驅(qū))動力distinguishfrompresentone’sargumentopenlymakemutualattemptsreduceconfrontationachieveharmonyadrivefor…對·····產(chǎn)生影響個人意見不同見解遇到難關解雇haveanimpactonpersonalviewdifferentperspectivehaveaverybadtimedismisssb.1.inferior

(L8)

a.

lowerinrank,quality,importance,etc.Translation便宜沒好貨。Key

Cheapergoodsaregenerallyofinferiorquality.III.Translation2.distinguishfrom(L15)

showthedifferencebetweenTranslation他的身高顯出他與別的男孩不同。Key

Hewasdistinguishedfromtheotherboysbyhisheight.3.consensus(L22)

n.

acceptedopinionordecisionTranslation經(jīng)過長時間的討論，我們達成了一致意見。Key

Wehavereachedaconsensusafteralongdiscussion.4.owningto(L36)

becauseofTranslation因天氣不好，比賽取消了。Key

Thematchwascancelledowingtothebadweather.5.dismiss(L64)

v.

sendawayTranslation課講完了，老師讓學生下課。Key

Thelessonendedandtheteacherdismissedtheclass.Discussion

Awritersaysthatawestern-styleconversationbetweentwopeopleislikeagameof

tennis(volleyball;tabletennis).AJapanese-styleconversation,however,islikebowling.Discussthedifferencesbetweenawestern-style

conversationandaJapanese-styleconversation.

TipsAwestern-styleconversation:roducingatopic