話題5：崇拜偶像基礎知識自測一、單詞拼寫

1.___________n.質量;品質;性質2.___________n.法則;原則;原理3.___________n.律師4.___________n.青年;青年時期5.____________n.總統;校長presidentqualityprinciplelawyeryouth6._________n.意見；看法；主張7._________n.毛毯；毯子8._________n.舞臺；階段；時期9._________vt.建立；建設10.________vi.逃脫；逃走；泄露escapeopinionblanketstagefound11._________vt.進攻;攻擊;抨擊12._________adj.樂意的;自愿的13._________adj.法律的14._________v.投票n.投票;表決15.__________adj.和平的;平靜的peacefulattackwillinglegalvote1.___________vt.獻身；專心于___________n.忠實；忠誠___________adj.忠實的；深愛的devoteddevotedevotion二、單詞拓展(A)單詞派生2.___________vt.帶領；引導n.導游___________n.指導；領導，向導guideguidance3.____________adj.平等的____________n.平等____________adv.平等地4.___________adj.慷慨的；大方的___________n.慷慨；大方generosityequalequalityequallygenerous5._________adj.有活力的;積極的_________n.行動_________n.活動6._________adj.暴力的_________n.暴力，暴行violenceactiveactionactivity

violent1.Monicaisa_______friend.His_______tousisquiteclear.(devote)(B)靈活運用devoteddevotion第一個是形容詞修飾名詞，表示“忠實的”；第二個是名詞作主語，表示“忠實、忠心”。2.Mybrotheris_________withhismoney.(generosity)作表語要用形容詞,begenerouswith…表示“對……慷慨的”。3.Someofthefilmsarefullof______,whichisnotgoodforyoungkids.(violent)

violence

介詞后接名詞作賓語generous4.WelcometoBeijing.I’myour_____inthistrip.(guide)在形容詞性物主代詞后用名詞,表示“導游”。5.Theybelievedthatallmenandwomenwereborn______.(equal)習語:bebornequal天生平等。

equal

guide三、短語翻譯1.________________被判處…(徒刑)2.___________________事實上3._____________失業4._____________設立；建立setupbesentencedtoasamatteroffactoutofwork5.________________當權；上臺6.____________喪失勇氣或信心7.____________求助于；致力于8.____________在困境中introublecometopowerloseheartturnto9.________________同…斗爭到底10.________________為…而死11.________________炸毀；給充氣12.____________________________把…投入監獄fightagainstdie…forblowupput…inprison/intoprison四、語篇填空

MynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawas1_____verydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.2___wasin1952andMandelawastheblack3________(law)towhomIwentforadvice.Heoffered4________(guide)topoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,5______whichIwasgrateful.aItlawyerguidanceforIneededhishelp6_________Ihadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.Theschool7______Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotread8____writewell.After9_______(try)hard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.10________(sad),IdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.becausewhereortryingSadly1.a表示“一段”非常困難的時期。2.It指時間。3.lawyer在冠詞加形容詞后用名詞，表示“律師”。4.guidance作offered的賓語用名詞，表示“指導”。5.for引導定語從句的which，指前句內容“他十分慷慨地給予時間(就法律問題給予指導)”這回事；又由begratefultosb.forsth.(因某事感謝某人)可知，填介詞for。6.because后句是原因，引導原因狀語從句用because。7.where引導定語從句并在從句中作地點狀語。8.or在否定句中表示并列，用or。9.trying因after是介詞，介詞后要用動詞的ing形式作賓語。10.Sadly作狀語，修飾全句，用副詞。五、語段改錯WiththehelpofMandela,Ibecamemorehopeaboutmyfuture.IneverforgotwhatkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoinedthemassoonasIcan.Hesaid:“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogresses,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewhichwehavealmostnorightsatall.”hopefulhowitcouldprogresswhere“…wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,norfightthegovernment…onlythenwedecidetoanswerforviolencewithviolence.”But…Iknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequally.didequalor1.hope→hopeful在became后作表語，要用形容詞。2.what→how修飾作表語的形容詞kind，作副詞how，表示“多么”。3.them→it指參加theANCYouthLeague這個組織，用代詞it。4.can→could由上文動詞時態可知，用一般過去時。5.progresses→progress因progress是不可數名詞，沒有復數形式。6.which→where引導定語從句并在從句中作地點狀語，用where。7.nor→or因either…or…是固定搭配。8.在we前加did因onlythen位于句首，謂語要用部分倒裝；由上文可知，decide應為一般過去時，故在主語前加did。9.去掉answer后的for因answerviolencewithviolence意為“以暴制暴”；而answerfor意為“對……負責，因……而受罰”。10.equally→equal作賓語要用形容詞。重點詞匯講練例句She

devotedherselfentirelyto

writing.她全心投入寫作。

1.devote

vt.獻身于；致力于devote…to…把……用在／獻給……devoteoneselfto…獻身于／致力于……bedevotedto…專心于／深愛／忠誠……搭配注意to是介詞,后接名詞、代詞或者doing。運用將下列句子譯成漢語。⑴Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.⑵Pleasedevotemoretimetoyourwork請把更多的時間用于工作。他把一生都獻給了造福人類的事業。⑶Hedevotedhimselftohelpingthepoor.⑷Sheisdevotedtoherstudies.(5)Sheisdevotedtoherchildren.她深愛她的孩子。他致力于幫助窮人。她專心于她的學習。2.vote

v.投票；選舉

n.投票；選票；表決例句Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.這是真話。當時黑人沒有選舉權，無法選擇他們的領導人。votefor…投票贊成/選(某人)voteagainst…投票反對搭配運用下屆選舉我可能選她。Imay___________atthenextelection.voteforher3.equaladj.平等的；相等的例句Iknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.我知道這有助于實現我們使黑人與白人平等的夢想。運用人人生而平等。Allmen_______________.arebornequal4.escape

v.逃走;逃脫;避開;避免例句Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的監獄。用法⑴不與away,off連用；⑵后可接動名詞，不接不定式；⑶不可用被動語態。搭配escapefrom從……逃走；逃脫翻譯⑴escapefromthejail_____________⑵escapesb’sattention____________⑶escapebeingcaughtintherain___________避免淋雨從監獄里逃出來逃過某人的注意5.

educatevt.教育；訓練例句SinceIwasbettereducated,Igotajobworkinginanoffice.因為我受過較好的教育，我得到了一份坐辦公室的工作。派生educationn.教育educatorn.教育工作者educationaladj.教育的運用用educate的適當形式填空。⑴She____________ataverygoodschoolinEnglandinthe1930s.⑵Hehashadagood__________.⑶An________mustfirsteducatehimself.⑷Therearemany___________programsonTV.educationalwaseducatededucationeducator6.begvi.&vt.請求；乞求例句Atthattimemywifeandchildrenhadtobegforfoodandhelpfromrelativesorfriends.那時我的妻子和孩子們不得不向親友們乞討食物和幫助。搭配begsb.todosth.懇求某人做某事begtodosth.懇求做某事begforsth.(fromsb.)(向某人)乞求(錢、食物、衣、同情等)運用填入一個單詞或用所給詞的正確形式。⑴Shewrotealetterbegginghim_________(come)back.⑵Ibegged____________(allow)tojointhem.tobeallowedtocome7.reward

n.報酬；獎賞；回報

vt.報答；獎勵原句TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremy

rewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.他們說,從南非政府得到的這份工作和薪水,是我畢生為爭取黑人的平等權利而斗爭所得到的回報。(B1P38)例句Arewardwasofferedforthereturnofthejewels.為找回珠寶而獲得懸賞。She

rewarded

himwithasmile.她向他報之以一笑。比較reward多指因替他人做事或提供服務后得到的酬勞、獎賞或回報。award多指政府或組織授予成績優異的人的獎勵。prize多指對競賽或比賽中成績優異的人的獎勵。搭配rewardsb.withsth.獎給某人某物

rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因做某事獎賞某人inrewardfor作為……的報答運用填入一個合適的詞。⑴Theteacherrewardedwinners_____somesweets.⑵Shewasgenerouslyrewarded______herwork.for

with8.opinion

n.意見；看法；主張例句You’dbetteraskforyourparents’opinions.你最好還是去征求你父母的意見。insb.’sopinion／intheopinionofsb.在某人看來haveagood，high／bad，low，pooropinionof…=thinkwell，highly，much/badly，lowly，littleof…對……評價高/低搭配表示“根據某人的意見”是inone’sopinion而不是accordingtoone’sopinion，但可以說accordingtosb.。注意翻譯將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。

⑴依我的看法和大多數人的看法，學好英語非常重要。⑵老師對他評價很高。Theteacherhasahighopinionofhim./Theteacherthinkshighlyofhim.Inmyopinionandintheopinionofmostpeople,itisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.

原句IworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.我擔心我會不會失業。(B1P34)9.outofwork失業例句Manyworkerswereoutofworkduringtheeconomiccrisis.在經濟危機中許多工人失業了。運用

他已經失業一年了,現在在找工作。He__________________forayearandnowhe’slookingforajob.hasbeenoutofwork原句EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.在NelsonMandela有困難的時候,Elias去看過他。(B1P35)10.introuble在困境中例句Weshouldhelpthosewhowereintrouble.我們應該幫助那些有困難的人。askfortrouble自尋煩惱maketrouble(forsb.)制造麻煩get(sb.)intotrouble(使某人)陷入困境聯想運用

那個男孩總是搗亂,現在他真有麻煩了。Thenaughtyboyisalways_____________,butnowheisreally______________.makingintroubletrouble11.turntosb.(forhelp)向某人求助原句WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?為什么NelsonMandela借助暴力來使黑人與白人平等？(B1P35)例句Youshould

turntoyourteacher

for

helpwhenyoumeetwithdifficultyatschool.在學校當你遇到困難時應該求助你的老師。運用Don’thesitateto_________(求助于我們)ifyouareintrouble.turntous12.loseheart(=bediscouraged)氣餒；灰心；泄氣

loseone’sheartto(=fallinlovewith)愛上；喜歡上例句Youcanneverloseheartinfaceofdifficulty.面對困難你絕不能喪失信心。TomlosthishearttoChinesewhenhefirstattendedthelesson.湯姆第一次聽課就喜歡上了中文。運用根據漢語意思完成英文句子。⑴__________________(我絕不灰心)evenifIshouldfailtentimes.⑵AtthefirstsightofMary，Tom_______________________(喜歡她).losthishearttoherI’llneverloseheart13.setup

v.設置，建造(build)；建立，創立(found)例句WeweresurprisedwhenheleftUniversitytosetuphisowncompany“Microsoft”andmakehisownsoftware.我們感到驚奇的是，他離開大學之后創辦了自己的微軟公司做軟件。setupanorganization建立一個組織setupanewrecordfor創造…的新紀錄拓展運用根據漢語意思，完成英文句子。⑴戰后成立了一個新政府。Anewgovernment__________afterthewar.⑵一些人搭建了一個小舞臺。Somemen__________________.setupasmallstagewassetup14.besentencedto被判處(刑)例句In1961,hewassentencedtofiveyearshardlabourforencouragingviolenceagainstanti-blacklaws.他于1961年因鼓勵暴力反對反黑人法而被判五年苦役。翻譯Heshouldbesentencedtodeathinthesightoflaw.被判處死刑寫作句型仿寫原句HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.他是1969年7月登上月球的第一人。(B1P33)1.thefirst(+名詞)todosth.第一個做某事的例句EverydayMr.Zhangwasthefirsttocometotheoffice.張先生每天都是第一個到辦公室。仿寫他總是第一個來而且是最后一個離開教室。He_______________tocomeandthelasttoleavetheclassroom.isalwaysthefirst原句

Onlythendidwe

decidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到了那時我們才決定以暴力對抗暴力。(B1P34)2.Only+狀語(副詞/介詞短語/從句)+部分倒裝例句

Only

bystudyinghardcan

youmakeprogress.只有努力學習你才能取得進步。仿寫

只有在那時我才明白學習英語的重要性。Onlythen____________theimportanceoflearningEnglish.didIrealize例句IlikedDongguanthefirsttimeIcametothecity.我第一次來東莞就喜歡上了這座城市。3.thefirsttime第一次(引導時間狀語從句)原句IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團作講解時,我的心情很不好。(B1P38)仿寫根據漢語意思完成英語句子。⑴我第一次見到他,就不得不為他的敬業精神所震撼。