2023年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試上海英語試卷考生注意：考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分150分。本考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第Ⅰ卷（第1-12頁）和第Ⅱ卷（第13頁），全卷共13頁。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或寫（填空題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。答題前，務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。第Ⅰ卷（共103分）Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentowspeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyoupaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.abusstopalaundrythedentist’sthechemist’sactorsalesmantranslatorwriter.Helosthisclassmate’shomework.can’thelpthewomanwithhermath.brokethewoman’scalculator.doesn’tknowwherethe“on”buttonis.womanshouldgotoanothercouner.womangivesthemansomanychoices.mandislikethesandwichesofferedthere.manishavingtroubledecidingwhattoeat.hasnoideawheretofindtheman’sexamresult.isn’tallowedtotellstudentstheirgrades.hasn’tfinishedgradingthepapers.doesn’twanttobecontactedwhilehe’saway..Movetoanextdormitoryapersontosharetheirapartment.theroomwithroommateanarticleabouttheirroommate.won’ttakeheradvice.doesn’twanttogoabroad.doesn’tthinkBobshouldstudyoverseas.hasn’ttalkedtoBobsincehewentabroad.snackbarisn’tusuallysoempty.isservedinthesnackbar.snackbarisnearthelibrary.aren’tsllowedinthlibrary.herbicycletotherepairshop.herbicycleoutside.thegarageaftertherainstops.ifthegarageisdry.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Question11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.helpscareforcustermer’sdogs.havetobuyfoodfordogs.ofthedogsarecagedisadognamedPrincesslikesthefoodthere.enjoysthefunwithapet.canhavefreecoffee.doesn’tliketobealone.newkindofcare.newbrandofcoffee.newhomeforpets.newwaytoraisepets.Question14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.trendthathighachieveraregivenalowersalary.viewthatlifequallityismoreimportantthanpay.dreamoftheyoungforfast-pacedjobsD.Anewtermcreatedbyhighachivers%%%blemmayarise.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartowlongerconversationswillbereadyouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.WriteyouranswersBlanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.CompletetheONEWORDforeachanswer.SRTServiceNotesAccountNO.:17ServiceRequestsCheckthe18Solution:sendanother192pm.on20Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.CompletetheONMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Inwhatwayaretheseclimbersspecial?Theyareall21WhydidtheychoosetoconquerMountKilimanjaro?Toprove22Whatdidtheydointimeofdifficulty?Theypersevered,23eachother.Howdidtherecordtheiradventure?Bykeeping24Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)GiftfromastrangerMylocalsupermarketisawaysbusy.ThefirstparkingspaceIfoundwasconvenient,butI’dnoticedawomaninabluecarcirelingforawhite(25)Iwasinagoodmood,Ileftherhaveit.OntheedgeofthecarparkIbackedintothenextavailablespot-itwasatightfit.PrettysoonI’dmademywaythroughthesupermarketandwasbackinthefreshair.Feelinggood,I(26)(empty)mypursechangeintotheheadsofahomelessmanandhelpedastrugglingwomanreversepark.JustasIapproachedmycar,IsawthewomanI’dlethavemycarspotwasfivingme(27).odd-lookhalfpuzzled,halfintent(熱切的).Ismiledandwishedherapleasantday.AsIbackintomycar,Isawthesamelady(28)(look)inatme.“Hello,”shesaid,hesitantly“This(29)souldcrazy,butIwasonmywaytodropsomeofmymother’sthingoffatthecharitybins.Youarejustsomuch(30)her.Youhelpedthosepeople,Inoticed,andyouseemedsohappy.”Shelookedatmemeaningfullyandpausedaboxinthroughthewindow.“Ithinkshewouldlikeyoutohaveit.”(31)(shock),Itookitfromherautomatically.Shesmiledandwalkedaway.Afterapause.Iopenedthebox.Insidewasabeautifulgoldnecklacewithalargegreypearl.Itwas(32)（nice）giftI’deverreceibed,andIwasfromacompletestanger.Thenecklacewasaroundmyneck,awarmreminderofhumankindness.(B)AskHelpfulHannahDearHelpfuhannah,I’dgotaproblemwithmyhusband,Sam.Heboughtasmartphoneacoupleofmonthsago,andbetookitonourrecentskivacationtoColorado.Itwasagreattripexceptforoneproblem.Hehasaconstantarge(33)(check)fortextmessages,hecheckshisphoneeveryfiveminutes!He’ssoaddictedtoitthathejustcan’tstandtheidea(34)theremaybeanimportanttext.Hecan’thelpcheckingevenatinappropriatetimeslikewhenweareeatinginarestaurantandIamtalkingtohim!Hebehaves(35)anysmallamountofboredomcanmakehimfeeltheneedtocheckhisphoneevenwhenheknowsheshouldn’t.Thetemptationtosee（36）isconnectinghimisjusttooIaskhimtopleaseputdownthephoneandstop(37)(igoore)me,hesays,“Inaminute,”butstillcheckstoseeif(38)haspostedsomethingnewontheinternet.Ourlife(39)(interrupt).IfwegosomewhereandIaskhimtoleavethephoneathome,hesuffersfromwithdrawalsymptoms.Mybethisdependencyonhissmartphonehasbecomemorethananeverydayproblem.Irecentlyreadanarticleabout“nomophobia”(40)isrealillnesspeoplecansufferfromthefeatofbeingwithoutyourphone!IamworriedthatSammaybesufferingfromthisillnessbecausehefeelsanxiousifhedoesn’thavehisphonewithhim,evenforashorttime.Whowouldhavethoughtthatlittledeviceslikethesecouldhavebroughtsomuchtrouble!SickandTiredSadieSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.B.altemativesC.assignedD.confirmedE.conflictingF.elementsConsideringhowmuchtimepeoplespendinoffices,itisimportantthatworkspacesbewelllofficespaceshelpcreateacorporation’simage.Theymotivateworkers,andtheymakeanimpressiononpeoplewhovisitandmightbepotential,or41,customers,Theymakebusinessesworkbetter,andtheyareapartofthecorporateculturewelivein.Aswemoveawayfromanindustrial-basedeconomytoaknowledge-basedone,officedesignershavecomeupwith42tothetraditionalworkenvionmentsofthepast,Thedesignindustryhasmovedawayfromafixedofficessetupandcreatedmoreflexible“strategicmanagementenvironments”.These43solutionsaremeanttosupportbetterorganizationalperformance.Asemployeehierachies（等級制度）haveflattened,ordecreased,officedesigners’responsetothischangehasbeentomoveopen-planareastomoredesirablelocationswithintheofficeandcratefewerformalprivateoffices.Theneedforincreasedflexibilityhasalsobeen44bychangesinworkstationdesign.Officesandworkspacesoftenarenot45toagivenpersononapermanentbasis.Becauseofchangestomethodsofworking,newdesignsallowforexpansionormovementofdesks,storage,andequipmentwithintheimportantdesigngoaliscommunication,whichdesignershaveimprovedbyloweringthewallsthat46havealsocreatedinformalgatheringplaces,andupgradedemployees'47toheavilytrafickedareassuchascopyandcoffeerooms.Corporateandinstitutionalofficedesignersoftenstruggletoresolveanumberofcompetingandoften48demands,includingbudgetarylimits,employeehierarchies,andtechologicalinnovation（especiallyinrelationtocomputerization）.Thesedemandsmustalsobebalancedwiththeneedtocareateinteriors（內飾）thatinsomewayenchance,establish,orpromoteacompany'sinmageandwillenableemployeesto49attheirbest.Allthese50ofofficedesignaremostsuccessfulofficedesignsarelikeagoodmarriage-thewell-designedofficeandtheemployessthatoccupyitareseeminglymadeforeachother.III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.

51

,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeople’searnedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.

Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailableingrocerystores,findingloveismore

52

topeople’slives.The

53

isallaroundus.Itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.Anendlessnumberofbooksandmoviesqualifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.

Researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,canbe

54

.Theyask,whatislove?Toothpastecompanieswantustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.Scientistswonderhowmuchthebraingetsinvolved.Youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthat

55

attract,too.Onethingiscertain:Thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.

FirstImpression

Tohelpdeterminethe

56

ofattraction,researcherspaired164collegeclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor3,6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachother’sindividuality.Thenstudentswereaskedto

57

whatkindofrelationshiptheywerelikelytobuildwiththeirpartners.Afternineweeks,theyreportedwhathappened.

Asitturnedout,their

58

judgementsoftenheldtrue.Studentsseemedto

59

atanearlystagewhowouldbestfitintotheirlives.

The

60

Knows

Scientistshavealsoturnedtononhumanstoincreaseunderstandingofattraction.Manyanimalsgiveoffpheromones—naturalchemicalsthatcanbedetectedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthesamespecies.Pheromonescansignalthatananimaliseitherreadytofightorisfeeling

61

topartnerships.Incontrast,humansdonotseemtobeas

62

asotheranimalsatdetectingsuchchemicals.Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.Althoughwemaynotbeawareofchemicalslikepheromonesconsciously,wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.

FaceValue

Beingfondofsomeoneseemstohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.Researchershadpeoplejudgefacesfor

63

.Theparticipantshadsecondstovieweachface,yetsomehowtheygenerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythesamefaces.Thewaywe

64

attractivenessseemtobesomewhatautomatic.

Whenshownanattractivefaceandthenwordswithgoodorbadassociations,peoplerespondedto

65

wordsfasterafterviewinganattractiveface.Seeingsomethingattractiveseemstocausehappythinking.

51.A.Instead

B.Therefore

C.Moreover

D.Otherwise

52.A.romantic

B.stressful

C.central

D.artificial

53.A.priority

B.proof

C.possibility

D.principle

54.A.seated

B.impressed

C.changed

D.erased

55.A.appearances

B.virtues

C.similarities

56.A.illustrations

B.imaginations

C.ingredients

D.instructors

57.A.predict

B.investigate

C.diagnose

D.recall

58.A.critical

B.initial

C.random

59.A.memorize

B.distinguish

C.negotiate

D.question

60.A.Nose

B.Eye

C.Heart

D.Hand

61.A.open

B.alert

C.resistant

D.superior

62.A.disappointed

B.amazed

C.confused

D.gifted

63.A.emotion

B.attractiveness

C.individuality

D.signals

64.A.enhance

B.possess

C.maintain

D.asses

65.A.familiar

B.plain

C.positive

D.IrritatingSectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.

Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Looktomanyofhistory’sculturalsymbols,andthereyou’llfindanancestorofFrosty,thesnowmaninthemovieFrozen.Itappearedonsomeofthefirstpostcards,starredinsomeoftheearliestsilentmovies,andwasthesubjectofacoupleoftheearliestphotos,datingallthewaybacktothe1800s.Idiscoveredevenmoreaboutoneofhumanity’searliestformsoflifeartduringseveralyearsofresearcharoundtheworld.

Forexample,snowmenwereaphenomenonintheMiddleAges,builtwithgreatskillandthought.Atatimeoflimitedmeansofexpression,snowwaslikefreeartsuppliesdroppedfromthesky.Itwasapopularactivityforcouplestoleisurelywalkthroughtowntoviewthetemporaryworksofchillyart.Somewerecreatedbyfamousartists,includinga19-year-oldMichelangelo,whoin1494wasappointedbytherulerofFlorence,Italy,tobuildasnowmaninhismansion’scourtyard.

TheMiracleof1511tookplaceduringsixfreezingworkscalledtheWinterofDeath.ThecityofBrusselswascoveredinsnowmen—animpressivescenethattoldstoriesoneverystreetcorner.Somewerepoliticalinnature,criticizingthechurchandgovernment.Somewereareflectionofpeople’simagination.ForthepeopleofBrussels,thiswasadefiningmomentofdefiningfreedom.Atleastuntilspringarrived,bywhichtimetheyweredealingwithdamagingfloods.

Ifyoufeartheheydayofthesnowmanhaspassed,don’tworry:I’velearnedthatsomeexplosivesnowmanhistoryisstillbeingmadetoday.Everyyearsince1818,thepeopleofZurich,Switzerland,celebratethebeginningofspringbyblowingupasnowman.OnthethirdMondayofApril,theholidaySechselauteniskickedoffwhenacottonsnowmancalledtheBooggisstuffedwithexplosiveandparadedthroughtownbybakersandothertradesmenwhothrowbreadtothecrowds.TheparadeendswiththeBooggbeingplacedona40-footpileoffirewood.AfterthebellsoftheChurchofSt.Peterhaverungsixtimes,representingthepassingofwinter,thepileislit.Whenthesnowmanexplodes,winterisconsideredofficiallyover—thequickeritisburntdown,thelongersummerissaidtobe.

66.Accordingtothepassage,whydidsnowmenbecomeaphenomenonintheMiddleAges?

A.Peoplethoughtofsnowasholyartsupplies.

B.Peoplelongedtoseemasterpiecesofsnow.

C.Buildingsnowmenwasawayforpeopletoexpressthemselves.

D.Buildingsnowmenhelpedpeopledeveloptheirskillandthought.

67.“Theheydayofthesnowman”(paragraph4)meansthetimewhen___________.

A.snowmenweremademainlybyartists

B.snowmenenjoyedgreatpopularity

C.snowmenwerepoliticallycriticized

D.snowmencauseddamagingfloods

68.InZurich,theblowingupoftheBooggsymbolizes__________________.

A.thestartoftheparade

B.thecomingofalongersummer

C.thepassingofthewinter

D.thesuccessoftradesmen

69.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutsnowmenfromthepassage?

A.Theywereappreciatedinhistory

B.Theyhavelosttheirvalue

C.Theywererelatedtomovies

D.Theyvaryinshapeandsize(B)

ScaryBunnyTheCurseoftheWere-Rabbit(2023)isthefirstfull-lengthfeaturefilmmadebydirectorsNickParkandSteveBoxwiththeiramazingplasticine(粘土)charactersWallaceandGromit.ItwonanOscarin2023,andifyouwatchit,you’llunderstandwhy.It’sanabsolutelybrilliantcartooncomedy.Cheese-lovinginventorWallaceandhisbrainydogGromithavestartedacompanytoprotectthetown’svegetablesfromhungryrabbits.However,justbeforetheannualGiantVegetableCompetition,anenormousrabbitbeginsterrorisingthetown.Itisattackingallthevegetablesanddestroyingeverythinginitspath.Thecompetitionorganizer,LadyTottington,hiresWallaceandGromittocatchthemonsteralive.Buttheywillhavetofindthewere-rabbitbeforegun-crazyhunterVictorQuartermainewhoisdesperatetokillit.Thescreenplayiswittyandfullofamusingvisualjokes.Asusual,thevoiceofPeterSallisisabsolutelyperfectfortheroleofWallace,andGromitissobeautifullybroughttolife,hecanexpressahugerangeofemotionswithoutsayingaword.AndbothHelenaBonham-Carter,whoplaysthepartofLadyTottington,andRalphFiennesasVictorarereallyfunny.Tosumup,TheCurseoftheWere-Rabbitisanamazingfilmwhichissuitableforbothchildrenandadults.IfyoulikedWallaceandGromit’spreviousadventuresandyouappreciatetheBritishsenseofhumour,you’lllovethisfilm.Don’tmissit!

70.Inthefilmreview,whatisparagraphAmainlyabout?

A.Theintroductiontotheleadingroles

B.Thewriter’sopinionofacting

C.Thewriter’scommentsonthestory

D.Thebackgroundinformation

71.Accordingtothefilmreview,“monster”(paragraphB)refersto______.

A.agun-crazyhunter

B.abrainydog

C.ascaryrabbit

D.agiantvegetable

72.Whichofthefollowingisareasonwhythewriterrecommendsthefilm?

A.It’sfullofwitandhumour.

B.Itscharactersshowfeelingswithoutwords.

C.ItisanadventurefilmdirectedbyPeterSallis.

D.Itisabouttheharmonybetweenmanandanimals.

(C)

OneoftheexecutivesgatheredattheAspenInstituteforaday-longleadershipworkshopusingtheworksofShakespearewasdiscussingtheroleofBrutusinthedeathofJuliusCaesar.“Brutuswasnotanhonorableman,”hesaid.“Hewasatraitor（叛徒）.Andhemurderedsomeoneincoldblood.”TheagreementwasthatBrutushadactedwithcrueltywhenotheroptionswereavailabletohim.Hemadeabaddecision,theysaid—atleastasitwaspresentedbyShakespeare—totaketheleadinmurderingJuliusCaesar.AndthoughoneoftheexecutivesacknowledgedthatBrutushadthegoodoftherepublicinmind,Caesarwasneverthelesshissuperior.“Youhavetoendeavor,”theexecutivessaid,“ourpolicyistoobeythechainofcommand.”

Duringthelastfewyears,businessexecutivesandbookwriterslookingforanewwaytoadvisecorporateAmericahavebeenexploitingShakespeare’swisdomforprofitableends.NonemoresothanhusbandandwifeteamKennethandCarolAdelman,well-knownadviserstotheWhiteHouse,whostartedupatrainingcompanycalled“MoversandShakespeares”.TheyareamateurShakespearescholarsandShakespearelovers,andtheyhavecombinedtheirpassionandtheirhighlevelcontactsintoamanagementtrainingbusiness.Theyconductbetween30and40workshopsannually,focusingonhalfadozendifferentplays,mostlyforcorporations,butalsoforgovernmentagencies.

Theworkshopsalltakethesameform,focusingonasingleplayasakindofcasestudy,andusingindividualscenesasspecificlessons.InJuliusCaesar,slyprovocation（狡詐的挑唆）ofBrutustotakeuparmsagainstthewhatwasabasisforadiscussionofmethodsofteambuildingandgrassrootsorganism.

AlthoughneitheroftheAdelmansisacademicallytrainedinliterature,theprogrammes,containplentyofShakespearetraditionandbackground.TheirworkshoponHenryV,forexample,includesahelpfulexplanationofHenry’swinningstrategyattheBattleofAgincourt.Buttheydocometothetextwithafewbiases(偏向):theirreadingofHenryVminimizeshismisuseofpower.Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizesopportunityandbecomesamasterfulleader.AndattheworkshoponCaesar,Mr.AdelmanshadlittlegoodtosayaboutBrutus,saying“thenoblestRomanofthemall”couldn’tmakehismindupaboutthings.

ManyoftheparticipantspointedtoveryspecificelementsintheplaythattheyfeltrelatedCaesar’spride,whichledtohismurder,andBrutus’smistakesinleadingthe

afterthemurder,theysaid,raisevitalquestionsforanyoneservingasabusinesswhenandhowdoyouresisttheboss?

73.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdidalltheexecutivesthinkofBrutus?

A.Cruel.

B.Superior.

C.Honorable.

D.Bade

74.Accordingtothepassage,theAdelmanssetup“MoversandShakespeares”to________.

A.helpexecutivestounderstandShakespeare’splaysbetter

B.giveadviceonleadershipbyanalyzingShakespeare’splays

C.providecasestudiesofShakespeare’splaysinliteratureworkshops

D.guidegovernmentagenciestofollowthecharactersinShakespeare’splays.

75.WhydotheAdelmansconductaworkshoponHenryV?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcatchingopportunities.

B.Toencouragemasterfulleaderstoplanstrategiestowin.

C.Toillustratetheharmofprejudicesinmanagement.

D.Towarnexecutivesagainstpowermisuse.

76.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.

A.theAdelmans’programmeprovesbiasedastherolesofcharactersaremaximized.

B.executivesfeelboredwithtoomanyspecificelementsofShakespeare’splays.

C.theAdelmanswillmakemoreprofitsiftheyareprofessionalscholars.

D.Shakespearehasplayedanimportantroleinthemanagementfield.

77.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.

A.Shakespeare’splays:Executivesreconsidercorporateculture

B.Shakespeare’splays:Anessentialkeytobusinesssuccess

C.Shakespeare’splays:alessonforbusinessmotivation

D.Shakespeare’splays:DramatictrainingbringsdramaticresultsSectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Youthsporthasthepotentialtoaccomplishthreeimportantobjectivesinchildren’sdevelopment.First,sportprogramscanprovideyouthwithopportunitiestobephysicallyactive,whichcanleadtoimprovedphysicalhealth.Second,youthsportprogramshavelongbeenconsideredimportanttoyouth’spsychosocialdevelopment,providingopportunitiestolearnimportantlifeskillssuchascooperation,discipline,leadership,andself-control.Third,youthsportprogramsarecriticalforthelearningofmotorskills;thesemotorskillsserveasafoundationforfuturenationalsportstarsandrecreationaladultsportparticipants.Whencoachersdevelopactivitiesforyouthpracticesandwhensportorganizationsdesignyouth-sportprograms,theymustconsidertheimplicationofdeliberateplayanddeliberatepractice.

ResearchfromTelama(2023)statesthatregularparticipationindeliberateplayordeliberatepracticeactivitiesduringchildhoodandyouth(agesninetoeighteen)increasesthelikelihoodofparticipationinsportsduringadulthoodbysixtimesforbothmalesandfemales.C?té(2023)definesdeliberateplayactivitiesinsportasthosedesignedtomaximizeenjoyment.Theseactivitiesareregulatedbyflexiblerulesadaptedfromstandardizedsportrulesandaresetupbythechildrenorbyaninvolvedadult.Childrentypicallychangerulestofindapointwheretheirgameissimilartotheactualsportbutstillallowsforplayattheirlevel.Forexample,hestreet.onaplayingfieldorinsomeone’sbackyard).Wheninvolvedindeliberateplayactivities,childrenarelessconcernedwiththeoutcomeoftheiroutcomeoftheirbehavior.(whethertheywinorlose)thanwiththebehavior.(havingfun).

Ontheotherhand,Ericsson(1993)suggeststhatthemosteffectivelearningoccursthroughinvolvementinhighlystructuredactivitiesdefinedasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeactivitiesrequireeffort,producenoimmediaterewards,andaremotivatedbythegoalofimprovingperformanceratherthanthegoalofenjoyment.Whenindividualsareinvolvedindeliberateplay,theyexperimentwithdifferentcombinationsofbehaviors,butnotnecessarilyinthem