Unit1HealthTextAASeriousProblemforChildLead-inWhichpartoftheSpringFestivalimpressedyoumost?playingfireworkswithyourLittleCompanionswatchingCCTVSpringFestivalGalaforyourfavoritepopstarsenjoyingfamilyreuniondinnerwithyourfamilyWhathappenedafteryourexcessiveconsumptionoftoomuchdeliciousfood?Whatshouldwedotoholdahealthylifestyleandkeepfit?regularbedtimejogginghealthyfood…andsoonDoyouthinkprofessionalathletesarehealthierthanordinarypeople?TextA--Comprehension1.Whywereretiredfootballplayersmorelikelytodevelopseriousmemoryproblems?2.Whycansomanypediatricconcussionsbeseeninhospitalemergencyrooms?3.Whatmakespediatricconcussionsanemergingpublichealthcrisis?4.Whatarethemostcommonsymptomsofconcussionsbesideslossofconsciousness?5.Whydochildrenoftenreturntonormalactivitiestooquicklyafterconcussion?6.Whymaysomeeffortstoprotectyoungbrains,suchasprotectiveheadgear,causeunexpectedinjuries?Glossarydeserve[di'z?:v]v.beworthyordeservingYoudeserveapromotionafterallthehardworkyouhavedone.這些人應該得到高于最低工資的報酬。Tmission[k?'mi??n]1.V-T

Ifyou

commission

somethingor

commission

someone

to

dosomething,youformallyarrangeforsomeonetodoapieceofworkforyou.委托

TheDepartmentofAgriculturecommissionedastudyintoorganicfarming.你可以委托他們專門為你畫點什么。Youcancommissionthemtopaintsomethingespeciallyforyou.2.N-VAR

Commission

isalsoanoun.委托Ourchinacanbeboughtofftheshelforbycommission.3.N-COUNT

A

commission

isapieceofworkthatsomeoneisaskedtodoandispaidfor.委托任務Justafewdaysago,Ifinishedacommission.4.N-VAR

Commission

isasumofmoneypaidtoasalespersonforeverysalethatheorshemakes.Ifasalespersonispaid

on

commission,theamounttheyreceivedependsontheamounttheysell.銷售傭金Thesalespeopleworkoncommissiononly.5.N-UNCOUNT

Ifabankorothercompanycharges

commission,theychargeafeeforprovidingaservice,forexampleforexchangingmoneyorissuinganinsurancepolicy.服務費Travelagentscharge1percentcommissionontickets.6.N-COUNT-COLL

A

commission

isagroupofpeoplewhohavebeenappointedtofindoutaboutsomethingortocontrolsomething.委員會Thegovernmenthassetupacommissiontolookintothosecrimes.7.N-COUNT

Ifamemberofthearmedforcesreceivesa

commission,heorshebecomesanofficer.任命Heacceptedacommissionasanavalofficer.culprit

['k?lprit]1.N-COUNT

Whenyouaretalkingaboutacrimeorsomethingwrongthathasbeendone,youcanrefertothepersonwhodiditas

the

culprit.犯罪者;犯錯者Allthemenwerebeingdeportedeventhoughtherealculpritsinthefighthavenotbeenidentified.2.N-COUNT

Whenyouaretalkingaboutaproblemorbadsituation,youcanrefertoitscauseas

the

culprit.(造成問題或麻煩的)原因Ourpricesarerisingtooquickly,andhighproductioncostsarethemainculprit.約10%的日本青少年都超重。營養學家們稱主要的原因是他們越來越依賴西方快餐。About10%ofJapaneseteenagersareoverweight.NutritionistssaythemainculpritisincreasingrelianceonWesternfastfood.involve[in'v?lv]1.V-T

Ifasituationoractivity

involves

something,thatthingisanecessarypartorconsequenceofit.需要Runningakitcheninvolveslotsofdisciplineandspeed.2.V-T

Ifasituationoractivity

involves

someone,theyaretakingpartinit.涉及如果有掩蓋真相的行為，它就牽扯到了處于政府最高層的那些人。Iftherewasacover-up,itinvolvedpeopleattheveryhighestlevelsofgovernment.3.V-T

Ifyousaythatsomeone

involves

themselves

in

something,youmeanthattheytakepartinit,ofteninawaythatisunnecessaryorunwanted.使卷入Idon'twanttodoanythingthatwillinvolvemeinalong-termcommitment.我似乎已經將自己卷入了我不了解的事情當中。IseemtohaveinvolvedmyselfinsomethingIdon'tunderstand.figure['fiɡ?]1.N-COUNT

A

figure

isaparticularamountexpressedasanumber,especiallyastatistic.數字Itwillnotbelongbeforetheinflationfigurestartstofall.要是我們有一個確切的數字反映這個國家到底有多少人沒有工作就好了。Itwouldbeveryniceifwehadatruefigureofhowmanypeopleinthiscountryhaven'tgotajob.2.N-COUNT

Yourefertosomeonethatyoucanseeasa

figure

whenyoucannotseethemclearlyorwhenyouaredescribingthem.身影ErniesawthedimfigureofRoseinthechair.3.N-COUNT

Inart,a

figure

isapersoninadrawingorapainting,orastatueofaperson.人像...alife-sizebronzefigureofabrooding,hoodedwoman.4.N-COUNT

Your

figure

istheshapeofyourbody.身材Takeprideinyourhealthandyourfigure.5.N-COUNT

Someonewhoisreferredtoasa

figure

ofaparticularkindisapersonwhoiswell-knownandimportantinsomeway.重要人物Themovementissupportedbykeyfiguresinthethreemainpoliticalparties.6.N-COUNT

Inbooksandmagazines,thediagramswhichhelptoshoworexplaininformationarereferredtoas

figures.圖表Ifyoulookataworldmap(seeFigure1)youcanidentifythemajorwine-producingregions.7.V-T

Ifyou

figure

thatsomethingisthecase,youthinkorguessthatitisthecase.想ShefiguredthatbothsheandNedhadlearnedalotfromtheexperience.suffer['s?f?]1.V-T/V-I

Ifyou

suffer

pain,youfeelitinyourbodyorinyourmind.經受(痛苦);受苦Hesufferedterriblythelastfewdays.在幾天時間里她已病得很重，經受了極大的痛苦和不適。Withinafewdaysshehadbecomeseriouslyill,sufferinggreatpainanddiscomfort.2.V-I

Ifyou

sufferfrom

anillnessorfromsomeotherbadcondition,youarebadlyaffectedbyit.(因疾病等糟糕的處境而)受苦Hewaseventuallydiagnosedassufferingfromterminalcancer.despite[di'spait]PREP

Youuse

despite

tointroduceafactwhichmakestheotherpartofthesentencesurprising.盡管Shetoldfriendsshewillstandbyhusband,despitereportsthathesentanotherwomanlovenotes.她在過去10年里大部分時間都被軟禁，盡管聯合國為她的釋放一直在做努力。Shehasbeenunderhousearrestformostofthepastdecade,despiteeffortsbytheUnitedNationstohaveherreleased.prevalence['prev?l?ns]N.thequalityofprevailinggenerally;beingwidespread流行；普遍；廣泛The

prevalence

ofbothAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherdementiaswassimilarinbothsmokersandnon-smokers.prevalentadj.吸煙在年輕女性中正變得越來越盛行。Smokingisbecomingincreasinglyprevalentamongyoungerwomen.slam[sl?m]1.V-T/V-I

Ifyou

slam

adoororwindoworifit

slams,itshutsnoisilyandwithgreatforce.砰地關上;使勁關上Sheslammedthedoorandlockeditbehind2.V-T/V-I

Ifonething

slams

intooragainstanother,itcrashesintoitwithgreatforce.猛烈撞擊飛機起飛后不久便失去一個引擎，猛地撞到那棟建筑物上。Theplaneslammedintothebuildingafterlosinganengineshortlyaftertake-off.inevitable[in'evit?bl]ADJ

Ifsomethingis

inevitable,itiscertaintohappenandcannotbepreventedoravoided.必然發生的Ifthecasesucceeds,itisinevitablethatothertrialswillfollow.如果這場官司獲勝，其他審判必將效法。emerge[i'm?:d?]1.V-I

To

emerge

meanstocomeoutfromanenclosedordarkspacesuchasaroomoravehicle,orfromapositionwhereyoucouldnotbeseen.(從視線以外的地方)出現;出來Shethenemergedfromthecourthousetothankhersupporters.當她出現的時候，理查德正等候在門外。Richardwaswaitingoutsidethedoorassheemerged.2.V-T/V-I

Ifafactorresult

emerges

fromaperiodofthought,discussion,orinvestigation,itbecomesknownasaresultofit.顯露(事實、結果)...thegrowingcorruptionthathasemergedinthepastfewyears.3.V-I

Whensomethingsuchasanorganizationoranindustry

emerges,itcomesintoexistence.興起...thenewrepublicthatemergedinOctober1917.emergingadj.新興的；出現的；形成的emergingmarket新興市場emergingeconomies新興經濟emergingtechnology新興技術；新興科技prior['prai?]1.ADJ

Youuse

prior

toindicatethatsomethinghasalreadyhappened,ormusthappen,beforeanothereventtakesplace.事先的TheConstitutionrequiresthepresidenttoseekthepriorapprovalofCongressformilitaryaction.他聲稱他事先對那次抗議一無所知Heclaimedhehadnopriorknowledgeoftheprotest.2.PHRASE

Ifsomethinghappens

priorto

aparticulartimeorevent,ithappensbeforethattimeorevent.在(某時間或事件)之前Adeathpriorto65isconsideredtobeaprematuredeath.urgent['?:d??nt]1.ADJ

Ifsomethingis

urgent,itneedstobedealtwithassoonaspossible.緊急的;迫切的Thereisanurgentneedforfoodandwater.2.ADJ

Ifyouspeakinan

urgent

way,youshowthatyouareanxiousforpeopletonoticesomethingortodosomething.急切的Hisvoicewaslowandurgent.

urgentlyADVwithgreaturgency中國當前迫切需要一場醫保改革。Currently,ahealthcarereformisurgentlyneededinChina.

hazard['h?z?d]N-COUNT

A

hazard

issomethingwhichcouldbedangeroustoyou,yourhealthorsafety,oryourplansorreputation.危險一份新的報告指出，嚼口香糖可能給健康帶來危害。Anewreportsuggeststhatchewinggummaybeahealthhazard.permanent['p?m?n?nt]ADJ

Somethingthatis

permanent

lastsforever.永久的...apermanentsolutiontotheproblem.飲酒過量可能造成永久性腦損傷。Heavydrinkingcancausepermanentdamagetothebrain.assume[?'sju:m]1.V-T

Ifyou

assume

that

somethingistrue,youimaginethatitistrue,sometimeswrongly.假設Itisamisconceptiontoassumethatthetwocontinentsaresimilar.如果出現了錯誤，它們就被以為是現場指揮官的錯。Ifmistakesoccurred,theywereassumedtobethefaultofthecommanderonthespot.2.V-T

Ifsomeone

assumes

powerorresponsibility,theytakepowerorresponsibility.接受(權利、責任)Mr.CrosswillassumetheroleofCEOwithateamoffourdirectors.dizziness['dizinis]N-UNCOUNT

areelingsensation;afeelingthatyouareabouttofall眩暈Hisheadinjurycausesdizzinessandnausea.dizzyADJ

Ifyoufeel

dizzy,youfeelthatyouarelosingyourbalanceandareabouttofall.眩暈的Herheadstillhurt,andshefeltslightlydizzyanddisoriented.irritability

[,irit?'bil?ti]N.易怒；煩躁；不耐煩irritable['irit?bl]ADJ

Ifyouare

irritable,youareeasilyannoyed.易怒的Hehadbeenwaitingforoveranhourandwasbeginningtofeelirritable.irritate

['iriteit]V-T.causeannoyancein;disturb,especiallybyminorirritationsTheirattitudeirritatesme.symptom

['simpt?m]1.N-COUNT

A

symptom

ofanillnessissomethingwrongwithyourbodyormindthatisasignoftheillness.癥狀…有流感癥狀的病人。...patientswithflusymptoms.精神分裂癥最常見的癥狀之一是幻聽。Oneofthemostcommonsymptomsofschizophreniaishearingimaginaryvoices.2.N-COUNT

A

symptom

of

abadsituationissomethingthathappenswhichisconsideredtobeasignofthissituation.征兆Yourproblemwithkeepingboyfriendsisjustasymptomofalargerproblem:makingandkeepingfriends.overtax

[,?uv?'t?ks]1.V-T

Ifyou

overtax

someoneorsomething,youforcethemtoworkharderthantheycanreallymanage,andmaydothemharmasaresult.使···工作過度...acontraltowhohasovertaxedhervoice.2.V-T

Ifyousaythatagovernment

isovertaxing

itspeople,youmeanthatitismakingthempaymoretaxthanyouthinktheyshouldpay.對···課以重稅Youcan'ense

[in'tens]ADJ

Intense

isusedtodescribesomethingthatisverygreatorextremeinstrengthordegree.劇烈的;極度的Hewassweatingfromtheintenseheat.Stevens'murderwastheresultofadeep-seatedandintensehatred.2.ADV

劇烈地;極度地intensely快餐業競爭非常激烈。Thefast-foodbusinessisintenselycompetitive.exertion

[iɡ'z?:??n]N.useofphysicalormentalenergy;hardwork發揮；運用；努力Theymanagedonlywithgreatexertion.exert[iɡ'z?:t]1.V-T

Ifsomeoneorsomething

exerts

influence,authority,orpressure,theyuseitinastrongordeterminedway,especiallyinordertoproduceaparticulareffect.施加(影響、壓力);運用(權威)他對科學界在這些問題上的思考施加了相當大的影響。Heexertedconsiderableinfluenceonthethinkingofthescientificcommunityontheseissues.2.V-T

Ifyou

exert

yourself,youmakeagreatphysicalormentaleffort,orworkhardtodosomething.耗費(自己的精力)Derfere

[,int?'fi?]1.V-I

Ifyousaythatsomeone

interferes

in

asituation,youmeantheygetinvolvedinitalthoughitdoesnotconcernthemandtheirinvolvementisnotwanted.干涉表不滿Iwisheveryonewouldstopinterferingandjustleavemealone.2.V-I

Somethingthat

interfereswith

asituation,activity,orprocesshasadamagingeffectonit.妨礙吸煙和喝酒妨礙身體對氧的吸收能力。Smokinganddrinkinginterferewithyourbody'sabilitytoprocessoxygen.backfire

['b?k,fai?]1.V-I

Whenamotorvehicleoritsengine

backfires,itproducesanexplosionintheexhaustpipe.(機動車或引擎)回火Thecarbackfired.2.V-I

Ifaplanorproject

backfires,ithastheoppositeresulttotheonethatwasintended.事與愿違Thepresident'stacticscouldbackfire.address[?'dres]1.N-COUNT

Your

address

isthenumberofthehouseorapartmentandthenameofthestreetandthetownwhereyouliveorwork.地址Theaddressis2025MStreet,NW,Washington,DC,20036.地址是華盛頓哥倫比亞特區，華盛頓西北，M街20