直接引語和間接引語2021/4/181一、概念引述別人的話時(shí)，一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語從語。直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述語序。例如：直接引語：Hesaid，“Iwanttohaveadrinknow.”間接引語：Hesaidthat

he

wantedtohaveadrink

then.2021/4/182二、變身方法1.人稱變化：口訣：一主二賓三不變。即直接引語的第一人稱取決于主句的主語,第二人稱取決于主句的賓語,第三人稱一般不變。1）Hesaid,“I

getonwellwithpeoplehere.”

→Hesaidthat

he

gotonwellwithpeoplethere.2）Susansaid,“We

canfinishtheworktomorrow.”

→Susansaidthat

they

couldfinishtheworkthenextday.3）Johnsaid,“Mary

wenttoBeijingthreedaysago.”

→Johnsaidthat

Mary

hadgonetoBeijingthreedaysbefore.2021/4/1832.時(shí)態(tài)變化：口訣：主句現(xiàn)在從不變，主句過去從順延。即如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以不變;如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),則從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)或過去完成時(shí)?Hesaid,“Igetupearlyeverymorning.”

(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí))2)Shesaid,“Iamworkingonahomeworkproject.”Shesaidshewasworkingonahomeworkproject.

(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí))3)Shesaid,“Imetmyfriendinthestreet.”Shesaidthatshehadmetherfriendinthestreet.

(一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí))Hesaidthathegotupearlyeverymorning.2021/4/184注意：在下面幾種情況下,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以保持不變:1)直接引語敘述的是科學(xué)真理?客觀事實(shí)?格言等?例如:

“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachersaidtothestudents.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.2)直接引語中有明確的不受語境限制的過去時(shí)間狀語?例如:

“JohnwenttoParisbyairin1985,”Jacksaid.JacksaidJohnwenttoParisbyairin1985.2021/4/1853.狀語和指示代詞的變化：牢記：this/these→that/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→there等。例如：Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenher

today.”Hesaidthathehadn’tseenher

thatday.4.直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。例如：Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeplayingfootball?”Heaskedme

if/whether

Ilikedplayingfootball.2021/4/1865.直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引導(dǎo)。例如：Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyoulikethefilm?”Mysisteraskedme

how

Ilikedthefilm.2021/4/1876.直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前加tell,ask,order等的賓語。例如：Thecaptainordered,“Bequiet.”Thecaptain

orderedustobequiet.注意：下列情況的否定句中，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,“Don’tlaugh.”Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.2021/4/188課堂訓(xùn)練1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat____never____meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe_______________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat______________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe____mether_____________.heatetoldhadfoundhisshehadtakenrisesgoestoldhadthedaybefore2021/4/1896.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_____boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenher________________.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_____Jimthathe______sitthere.10.Heasked,“Howdid