必修二

U4Historyandtraditions歷史與傳統

ReadingandThinking閱讀課

課文詳解課件課文第一段語法和短語講解

Thefirstparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England-manypeopleareconfusedby被困惑于whatthesedifferentnamesmean意味著.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany如果有的話?動名詞短語作主語willhelpyousolvethispuzzle解決這個謎題.

Inthe16thcentury,在16世紀thenearby附近的countryofWaleswasjoinedto被加入到theKingdom王國ofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotland蘇格蘭wasjoinedto被加入到create創造theKingdomofGreatBritain大不列顛王國.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomoflreland愛爾蘭

wasadded被添加tocreate創造theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandlreland.大不列顛和愛爾蘭聯合王國Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartoflrelandbrokeawayfrom脫離theUK,whichresultedin導致thefullname全稱wehave（定語從句）today:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

大不列顛和北愛爾蘭聯合王國Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname簡稱（過去分詞作定語）:"theUnitedKingdom"or"theUK".PeoplefromtheUKarecalled"British"whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredto指的是asBritainorGreatBritain.課文第二段：語法和短語講解Thesecondparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

Thefourcountriesthatbelongto從屬于theUnitedKingdomworktogether

緊密合作insomeareas地區，領域.Theyusethesameflag旗幟,knownastheUnionJack過去分詞短語作定語,aswellas

也；和

share分享thesamecurrency貨幣andmilitarydefence軍事防御.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystems教育制度andLegalsystems.法律制度

Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions傳統,like像theirownnationaldays國慶日andnationaldishes本國菜肴.Andtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitions比賽liketheWorldCup世界杯!課文第三段：語法和短語講解Thethirdparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,有一個長的和有趣

的歷史等你去探索which非限制性定語從句canhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions傳統.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbe

surroundedby被包圍著

evidence

證據offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookover

占領；接管atdifferenttimes

在不同時期throughouthistory.貫穿整個歷史Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.在一世紀

Someoftheirgreatachievements成就included包括buildingtownsandroads,Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.

在五世紀Theyintroduced引進

thebeginningsoftheEnqlishlanauage,英語的雛形andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.定語從句課文第四段：語法和短語講解

Thefourthparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

第四段：Thefourthparagraph：TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,在八世紀leftbehind

留下lotsofnewvocabulary詞匯,andalsothenamesofmanylocations

地方acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.諾曼人Theyconquered征服Englandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastings

著名的黑斯廷斯戰役inthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastlesbuilt

使城堡被建allaroundEngland遍及英國,andmadechangestothelegalsystem,改革了法律制度

TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyentered進入intotheEnglishlanquage.課文第五段：語法和短語講解Thefifthparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

Thereissomuchmoretolearnabout了解theinterestinghistoryandculture文化oftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountry

動名詞短語作主語willmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable更愉快.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcity古老的港口城市thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes一直追溯到羅馬時期.Therearecountlesshistoricsites不計其數的歷史遺址toexplore,andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelics古代遺址fromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinating

迷人的mix混合物ofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,留心；留意youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent現在.拓展閱讀講解：Theexplainationoftheexpendingreadingmaterials.Viking,DanishInvasionsandtheNormanConquest維京、丹麥人的入侵和諾曼征服

TheNorwegians挪威人andtheDanes丹麥人attacked攻擊various各種各樣的，不同的partsofEnglandfromtheendofthe8thcentury.Theybecameaseriousproblem成為一個而嚴重的問題inthe9thcentury,especiallybetween835and878.Theyevenmanagedto設法

capture占領York約克郡,animportantcenterofChristianity

基督教in867.Bythemiddleof9thcentury,theViking維京人andtheDanes丹麥人wereposingathreat威脅totheSaxon薩克森kingdomofWessex.威薩克斯王國CurrentNewsReadingTextofXi'ssignedarticleonSaudimedia習近平在沙特阿拉伯媒體發表署名文章CarryingForwardOurMillennia-oldFriendshipandJointlyCreatingaBetterFuture

傳承千年友好，共創美好未來

中華人民共和國主席習近平

XiJinping

PresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

IamcomingbacktoRiyadh,bringingwithmeprofoundfriendshipfromtheChinesepeople.IamheretojoinmyArabfriendsforthefirstChina-ArabStatesSummitandthefirstChina-GulfCooperationCouncil(GCC)SummitandtopayastatevisittoSaudiArabia.帶著中國人民的深情厚誼，我再次來到利雅得，同阿拉伯朋友一道召開首屆中國－阿拉伯國家峰會、Designedasatripofbuildingonthepastandmoreimportantly,ofopeningupabetterfuture,thevisitwillcarryforwardourtraditionalfriendship,andusherinanewerainChina'srelationswiththeArabworld,withArabstatesoftheGulf,andwithSaudiArabia.這是一次傳承之旅，更是一次開創之旅，目的是發揚光大中阿、中海、中沙傳統友好，開啟中國同阿拉伯世界、海灣阿拉伯國家、沙特阿拉伯關系新時代。

First,atime-honoredfriendshipthatgoesbackthousandsofyears一、千年友誼，源遠流長

TheexchangesbetweenChinaandArabstatesdatebackmorethan2,000years.中國和阿拉伯國家的交往可以追溯到2000多年前。TheconstantstreamsofcaravansalongthelandSilkRoadandthebillowingsailsalongthemaritimeSpiceRoadhavebornewitnesstohowtheChineseandArabcivilizationsinteractedwithandinspiredeachotheracrosstheAsiancontinent.從那時起，陸上絲綢之路商旅絡繹，海上香料之路云帆高張，中阿文明在亞洲大陸兩端相映生輝。ItwasthroughtheseexchangesthatChineseporcelainandpaper-makingandprintingtechniqueswereintroducedtotheWestwhileArabastronomy,calendarandmedicinewentallthewaytotheEast.Wehavetradedgoods,sparkedinnovation,sharedideas,andspreadthefruitsofculturalexchangestotherestoftheworld,leavingasplendidchapterinEast-Westengagementandmutuallearning.中國的瓷器、造紙術、印刷術一路西行，阿拉伯的天文、歷法、醫藥萬里東來。我們互通有無，啟迪創新，碰撞思想，把文明交流的成果傳播四海，書寫了東西交融、互學互鑒的歷史佳話。

ThecontactsbetweenChinaandArabstatesoftheGulfarewelldocumented.中國和海灣阿拉伯國家的交往經由史籍流傳至今。DuringtheEasternHanDynasty,GanYing,aChineseemissary,reachedthe"westernseas,"namelytheGulf,onhismissiontotheRomanEmpire.中國東漢時期，甘英奉命出使，“臨西海以望大秦”，ThisisthefirstofficialrecordofChineseenvoysreachingArabstatesoftheGulf.留下中國使者到達海灣阿拉伯國家的最早官方記載。Morethan1,200yearsago,anArabnavigator,AbuObeida,sailedfromSoharPorttotheChinesecityofGuangzhouonalegendaryjourneythatwaslateradaptedtotheexcitingandwell-knownadventuresofSindbad.1200多年前，阿拉伯航海家奧貝德從蘇哈爾港出發到達中國廣州，這段傳奇經歷被演繹成精彩的辛巴達歷險故事，膾炙人口。Inthe1980s,areplicashipnamedtheSoharretracedtherouteopenedbyancientArabnavigators,connectingthepastandpresentfriendlyinteractionsbetweenthetwosides.上世紀80年代，仿古制造的“蘇哈爾”號重走古代阿拉伯航海家開辟的航路，連通雙方友好交往的歷史和現實。

ChinaandSaudiArabiahaveadmiredeachotherandconductedfriendlyexchangessinceancienttimes.自古以來，中國和沙特相互欣賞、友好往來。TheprophetMuhammadsaid,"SeekknowledgeevenifyouhavetogoasfarasChina."先知穆罕默德曾說：“知識，雖遠在中國，亦當求之”。Sevenhundredyearsago,WangDayuan,aChinesetraveleroftheYuanDynasty,arrivedatMeccawhichhedescribedasaplacewithbeautifulsceneries,mildweather,fertilericefields,andahappypeopleinhisbookABriefAccountofIslands.ItwasanimportantbookfromwhichtheChineselearnedaboutSaudiArabiaatthattime.700年前，中國元代汪大淵曾到達麥加，描繪麥加“風景融合，四時之春，田沃稻饒，居民樂業”，他的《島夷志略》成為中國了解古代沙特的重要文獻。Sixhundredyearsago,ZhengHe,aChinesenavigatoroftheMingDynasty,reachedJeddahandMedinaonhisoceangoingvoyages,leavingbehindhimmanystoriesoffriendshipandexchangesthatarestillwidelytoldtoday.600年前，中國明代航海家鄭和多次遠航到達吉達、麥地那等地，傳播友好、增進交流，至今為人們樂道。ThejointChinese-SaudiarchaeologicalexcavationoftheruinsofthealSerrianportconductedinrecentyearshasunearthedmanyporcelainwaresofChina'sSongandYuandynasties.Theystandastestamentstoallthosefriendlyinteractions.過去幾年，中沙聯合開展塞林港遺址考古，出土的大量中國宋代、元代瓷器訴說著兩國友好的過往。Second,solidarityandcooperationforaChina-Arabcommunitywithasharedfutureinthenewera二、團結合作，構建面向新時代的中阿命運共同體TheArabworldisanimportantmemberofthedevelopingworldandakeyforceforupholdinginternationalfairnessandjustice.阿拉伯世界是發展中國家重要成員，是維護國際公平正義的重要力量。TheArabpeoplevalueindependence,opposeexternalinterference,standuptopowerpoliticsandhigh-handedness,andalwaysseektomakeprogress.阿拉伯人民崇尚獨立自主，反對外部干涉，不畏強權霸道，是追求進步的人民。Arabstatesareendowedwithdiverseresources,andhavebuiltindustrieswithdistinctivefeatures,scoredremarkableachievementsindevelopment,anddemonstratedenormouspotentials.阿拉伯國家資源稟賦多元，產業特色鮮明，建設成就斐然，是極具潛力的國家。TheArabcivilizationadvocatesthemiddlewayandmoderation,encouragesinclusivenessandmutuallearning,opposesclashofcivilizations,andisdeeplyrootedinitsrichcultureandhistory.阿拉伯文明倡導中道平和，鼓勵包容互鑒，反對文明沖突，是底蘊深厚的文明。Beitontheworldpolitical,economicorculturalmap,Arabstatesalwaysclaimanimportantplace.在世界政治、經濟、文明版圖中，阿拉伯國家占據重要地位。Sincethe1950s,ChinahasestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithallArabstates.Theirinteractionsfeaturemutualunderstanding,mutualrespect,mutualassistanceandsolidarity.Theyhavebecomegoodfriendstreatingeachotherasequals,goodpartnerspursuingmutualbenefit,andgoodbrotherssharingwealandwoe.上世紀50年代以來，中國同阿拉伯國家陸續建交，雙方相互理解、相互尊重、守望相助、風雨同舟，成為平等相待的好朋友、互惠互利的好伙伴、同甘共苦的好兄弟。

Inthe21stcentury,China-Arabrelationshavecontinuedtomoveaheadagainstafluidinternationallandscape,andachievedhistoricleapfroggrowthinpoliticaltrust,mutuallybeneficialeconomiccooperation,andculturalmutuallearninginbothbreadthanddepth.進入21世紀，中阿關系在國際風云變幻中砥礪前進，政治互信、經濟互利、文明互鑒的廣度和深度實現歷史性跨越。Inthepastdecade,China-Arabrelationsenteredaneweraandregisteredaseriesoflandmarkandgroundbreakingachievementsinvariousareas.過去10年，中阿關系進入新時代，各領域取得一系列標志性、突破性成就。Collectively,Chinahasestablishedafuture-orientedstrategicpartnershipofcomprehensivecooperationandcommondevelopmentwithallArabstates.中國同阿拉伯國家集體建立全面合作、共同發展、面向未來的戰略伙伴關系，Individually,Chinahasestablishedcomprehensivestrategicpartnershiporstrategicpartnershipwith12Arabstates,同12個阿拉伯國家建立全面戰略伙伴關系或戰略伙伴關系，andsigneddocumentsonBeltandRoadcooperationwith20Arabstates.同20個阿拉伯國家簽署共建“一帶一路”合作文件。AmongArabcountries,17haveexpressedsupportfortheGlobalDevelopmentInitiative(GDI),17個阿拉伯國家支持全球發展倡議，15havebecomemembersoftheAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank,15個阿拉伯國家成為亞洲基礎設施投資銀行成員國，and14