精選優(yōu)質文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)Questionsonappreciation:1.Speechesaregenerallyhighlyrhetorical.PointoutsomeofthedifferentrhetoricaldevicesKennedyemploystomakehisinauguraladdressasforcefulandimpressiveaspossible.2.Istheaddresswellorganized?Commentontheorderinwhichheaddressedthedifferentgroupsofnationsandpeople.3.CiteexamplestoshowthatKennedyisveryparticularandcarefulinhischoiceanduseofwords.4.Ishistoneandmessagesuitedtothedifferentgroupshead-dresses?Giveyourreasons.5.ThisinauguraladdressisregardedbymanyintheUnitedStatesasaclassicalspeech,andmanypassagesareoften,quoted.CouldyoupickoutsomepassageslikelytobequotedbyAmericans?Givereasonsforyourchoice.6.IsKennedy'sargumentandpersuasionbasedmainlyonfactsandlogicoronanappealtoemotions?Wouldthistypeofspeechbesuccessfulonalloccasions?III.Paraphrase：1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe(para2)2．Thismuchwepledge---andmore.(para5)3．United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.(para5)4．…ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace(para10)5．…toenlargetheareaInwhichitswritmayrun(para10)6．…beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityInplannedoraccidentalself-destruction(para11)7．…yetbothracingtoalterthatuncertainbalanceofterrorthatstaysthehandofmankind’sfinalwar(para13)8．Soletusbeginanew,rememberingonbothsidesthatcivilityisnotasignofweakness(para14)9．Letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrors.(para17)10.…eachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty(para21)11.Withagoodconscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinaljudgeofourdeeds,letusgoforthtoleadthelandwelove(para27)V.Translateparas23-26intoChinese.IV.PracticewithWordsandExpressions(P.56-58)A.Lookupthedictionaryandexplainthemeaningoftheitali-cizedwords:1.…thesamesolemnoathourforebearsprescribednearlyacenturyandthree-quartersago(para1)2.formanholdsinhismortalhandsthepower(para2)3.…disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace(para3)4.…towitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthesehumanrights(para3)5.…wedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder(para6)6.…tobereplacedbyafarmoreirontyranny(para7)7.strugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery(para8)8.…topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective…(para10)9.…toenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun(para10)10.…thatstaysthehandofmankind'sfinalwar(para13)11.…taptheoceandepths…(para17)14.…notasacalltobeararms...butacalltobeartheburden'ofalongtwilightstruggle…(para22)B.Discriminatethefollowinggroupsofsynonyms:1.mortal,fatal,deadly,lethal2.faithful,loyal,constant,staunch,resoluteC.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainmetaphors.Explaintheirmeaninginplain,non-figurativelanguage:1.…thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.(para7)2.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.(para9)3.Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.(para9)4.werenewourpledgeofsupport:topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective,tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak…(para10)5.Andifcabeachheadofco-operationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion…(para19)6.Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallwhoserveit,andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.(para24)V.Translation(refertothetranslationofthetext)1.Kennedythinkstheworldisdifferentnowbecausemanhasmadegreatprogressinscienceandtechnologyandhasnotonlythepower(scientificfarming,speedytransportation,massproduction,etc.)toabolishpoverty,butalsothepower(missiles，H_bombs，etc．)todestroyallformsofhumanlife．Iagreewithhim．

2．AccordingtoKennedy，thebeliefstillatissuearoundtheglobeisthebeliefthatallmanarecreatedequalandGodhasgiventhemcertaininalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercantakeawayfromthem．

3．Kennedyconsidersasfriends：

a)theoldalliesoftheU．S．，suchasBritain，Canada，Australia，NewZealandandthewesternEuropeancountries；b)thecountriesinSouthAmericaand；c)manyofthedevelopingcountriesinAsiaandAfricathatrelyonU．S．a(chǎn)id．Heconsidersallsocialistcountriesasfoes(allthattimethesocialistcampheadedbytheSovietUnion)andthosedevelopingcountriespreparingtotakethesocialistroad．

4．Britain，Canada，Australia，NewZealand．a(chǎn)ndinawidersenseonemayalsoincludeFrance．

5．ManynewnationswerebornafterWorldWarⅡ．especiallyinAfrica．In1960alone，justoneyearbeforeKennedy’sinauguralspeech，thefollowingcountriesinAfricadeclaredtheirindependence：TheRepublicofCentralAfrica，TheRepublicofChad，TheRepublicofDahomey，ThePeople’sRepublicoftheCongo，TheJabonRepublic，TheRepublicofGhana．etc．

6．ThepeoplewhoareinhutsandvillagesarethepoorpeopleinbackwarddevelopingcountriesinAfricaandAsia．(Studentgivecommentsontherestoftheanswer．)

7．ThestatedpolicyofKennedytowardsLatinAmericaissummedupinthephrase“allianceforprogress”．Kennedypledgedtotakeconcretestepstoassistthesegovernmentsandpeopleincastingoffthechainsofpoverty．

8．Kennedy’spolicytowards“hisadversary”isnegotiationfromapositionofstrength．TheU．S．mustfirstbestrongenoughtodeterheradversary．FromthisstrongpositionofabsolutemilitarysuperiorityKennedyproposesnegotiatingwiththesocialistcamp(ortheSovietUnion)onthefollowingproblems：a)armscontrol，b)cooperationinthefieldsofscience，technology，artsandcommerce，c)anewworldsystem．

9．HecallsonhisfellowAmericanstomakenewsacrifices．todowhathiscountrycallsonhimtodo．Heshouldbepreparedtosacrificeeverything，evenhislifeifnecessary，todefendfreedom，towageconstantwaragainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandwar．The“l(fā)ongtwilightstruggle”isnotahotwarbutaconstant，perseveringfightagainsttyranny，poverty，diseaseandthethreatofwar．

10．ThereareprobablysomeexaggerationintheclaimthatfreedomwasinitshourofmaximumdangerwhenKennedyassumedoffice．However，itishistoricallyjustifiablethatKennedyassumedofficeatatimewhenfreedomwasinamostcriticalhour．Thenewpresidenthadtofacemanydangersandcrises．Athome，freedomwasendangeredbythewitchhuntingcampaignagainstgovernmentworkersaccusedofbeingcommunistsstartedbySenatorMcCarthy．SoKennedymadehimselfastrongsupporterofcivilrights．

Ⅲ．1．Therhetoricaldevices/figuresofspeechemployedincluded：parallelandbalancedstructures，repetitionofimportantwordsandphrases，andantitheses．

2．Yes，theaddressiswellorganized．Kennedyaddressedhisoldfriendsfirstwithsweetestwordsandthenhisfoeswithsharpwords．Theorderisclearandappropriate．

3．Inthishighlyrhetoricaladdress，therearemanyexamplestoshowthatKennedyisveryparticularandcarefulinhischoiceofanduseofwordsaswellashischoiceofsentencepatternsandstructures.Forexample,inthesentence"Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge",theword"sister'isparticularlychosentoconnoteequalityandmutualgoodrelationsinhisattempttoallay減輕；使平靜thetraditionalfearsthesecountrieshaveoftheirpowerfulbigbrotherinthenorth.Andinthesentence"Finally,tothosenationswhowouldmakethemselvesouradversary,weoffernotapledgebutarequest",thephrase"wouldmakethemselvesouradversary"isagaincleverlychosentothrowtheblameforconfrontationandworldtensionontheotherparty,ItsuggeststhattheUnitedStateshasdonenothingtocreateenemies.ItistheothersidethatischallengingtheU.S.,andthelatterisforcedtotakethechallengealthoughitreallywantspeace.

4.Kennedycarefullymadehistoneandmessagesuitedtothedifferentgroupsheaddresses.Inhisaddressthereisproclaimedloyaltytooldalliestosustainunity,assuredhelpandsupporttominorfriendstokeepthemcloselytiedtotheU.S.,warningadvicetonewbornstomakethemover,andveiledthreat,warningandadvicetotheenemycamptocheckambitionsonthepartoftheenemies.

5.Amongthepassagesmostlikelytobequoted:maybe"weshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty",asthisisnotonlyacarefullythoughtout,well-balancedsentenceeasytorememberandelegantlypleasanttoreadaloud,butalsoasentencethatbestexpressestheproudfeelingsoftheAmericansastheself-appointedleaderofthe"freedemocracies".Kennedy'scallforAmericansto"asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry"isalsoveryoftenquotedbecauseitrepresentstheenterprisingspirit進取精神；創(chuàng)業(yè)精神oftheAmericansofwhichKennedyisabestexample.

6.Kennedy'sargumentandpersuasionisbasedmainlyonemotionalappealratherthanfacts.Thistypeofspeechwouldnotbesuccessfulonalloccasions.Itcanbesuccessfulonlywhentheaudienceisalreadyexcitedanddoesnothavemuchtimetothinkorwhentheaudienceisalreadysusceptibletothemessageofthespeaker.

III.(P.56)1.OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartomaintainthatallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.Buttodaythisissuehasnotyetbeendecidedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.

2.Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.

3.Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinagreatnumberofjointundertakings.

4.TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.

5.WepledgetohelptheUnitedNationsenlargetheareainwhichitsauthorityandmandate授權；命令，指令wouldcontinuetobeineffectorinforce.

6.beforetheterribleforcesofdestruction,whichsciencecannowrelease,overwhelmmankind;beforethisself-destruction,whichmaybeplannedorbroughtaboutbyanaccident,takesplace

7.Yetbothgroupsofnationsaretryingtochangeasquicklyaspossiblethisuncertainbalanceofterriblemilitarypowerwhichrestrainseachgroupfromlaunchingmankind'sfinalwar.

8.Soletusstartonceagain(todiscussandnegotiate)andletusrememberthatbeingpoliteisnotasignofweakness.9.Letbothsidestrytocallforth喚起；使起作用thewonderfulthingsthatsciencecandoformankindinsteadofthefrightfulthingsitcando.

10.Americansofeverygenerationhavebeencalledupontoprovetheirloyaltytotheircountry(byfightinganddyingfortheircountry'scause).

11.Lethistoryfinallyjudgewhetherwehavedoneourtaskwellornot,butoursurerewardwillbeagoodconscienceforwewillhaveworkedsincerelyandtothebestofourability.

IV.(P.56)A.1.prescribe:setdownorimpose

2.mortal:ofman(asabeingwhomusteventuallydie)

3.disciplined:receivedtrainingthatdevelopedself-controlandcharacter

4.undoing:abolishing

5.atodds:indisagreement;quarreling6.iron:cruel;merciless

7.bonds:chains;fetters束縛；枷鎖

8.invective:aviolentverbalattack;strongcriticism,insults,curses,etc.

9.run：continueineffectorforce

10．stays：restrains

11．tap：drawuponormakeuseof

12．bear：takeon；sustain

B．1．fatal可用來指一切已經(jīng)造成死亡或者可能導致死亡的事物(不能指人)，側重于其不可避免性。如anillnesswhichmightnotbeseriousforayoungperson．butwhichwillalmostcertainlyprovefataltotheoldlady(一種對于年輕人來說也許并不嚴重，但對于一個老太婆來說卻無疑是致命的病癥)。deadly在表示“必然致命”這一點上與fatal完全相同，可互換使用。但deadly還有一種為fatal所沒有的用法，它可以指一個欲置他人于死地的人。如：Themurderedmanhadmanydeadlyenemies．(被害者有很多不共戴天的死敵。mortal像deadly一樣，可以指能置人于死的人或物。如：Becauseofanancientfamilyfeud不和；爭執(zhí)，thetwocousinshadbeenmortalenemiesfrombirth．用于指物時，mortal之不同于fatal及deadly之處在于它往往只在已有提及死亡發(fā)生的前文后使用。如：Hewasstruckdownbyamortalblowuponthehead．(他的死是由于頭上受了致命一擊)。lethal

致命的，致死的指的是某物質因其構成成分中含有毒素而定可造成死亡，而且其物存在的目的即是為了致人于死地。如：Cyanideisalethalpoison．(氰化物是一種致命的毒藥。)