選擇性必修四Unit4Nevertoooldtolearn知識點教案Teachingobjectives1.知識目標：學生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.技能目標：學生能夠掌握本單元詞匯的基本運用3.情感目標：學生能夠更有信心學習英語Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義2.掌握本單元詞匯的基本含義Teachingprocedures：I.短語背誦inaverbalmanner以口頭形式inawrittenformat以書面形式journeythrough穿越……旅行beperceivedas被認為/視為……pointout指出beimpressedon/uponsb.某人意識到theblankspace空白goblank(腦子)一片空白bevitalto對……很重要beexposedto接觸，暴露于beboundto一定會，很可能會allthetime始終，一直totheextent達到……的程度keeppacewith步調致，與并駕齊驅resolveaproblem解決問題refreshone'sknowledge更新某人的知識lifelonglearning終身學習haveanopenmind有開闊的心胸makeoneselfopento讓自己樂于接受……differfrom與……不同bedifferentfrom與……不同blindlyacceptnewideas盲目接受新思想inquireinto調查……registerforsth.登記……registeratsp.在某地登記subscribeto訂閱；定期訂購(或訂閱等)；同意，贊成neverceasetodosth.不停止做某事ceasedoingsth.停止做某事criticalthinkingskills批判性思維技能theapplicationofknowledge知識的應用bebasedon基于……，以……為基礎inductivereasoning歸納推理(be)knownas被稱為；作為……而出名inotherwords換句話說arriveat得出(結論、真相等)fromthespecifictotheabstract從具體到抽象infact(=actually)事實上theblackswantheory黑天鵝理論daretodosth.敢于做某事thedomainof..……的領域onone'sown獨立地，獨自地goontodosth.接著做某事，繼續做某事1個平comeupwith提出(觀點、想法等)II.知識梳理1.Ioncehadanartteacher,pointingoutthatitisnotonlywhatyoucanseethatisimportant,butalsowhatyoucannotsee.我曾經的一位美術老師指出，不僅你所能看到的很重要，而且你看不到的也很重要。強調句型Itismyfatherthat/whowillhaveaface-to-facetalkwithme.是我父親要和我進行一次面對面的談話。ItwasJohnthat/whowasselectedtocompeteinthe100-metrerace.是約翰被選去參加100米賽跑。(1)陳述句的強調句型：Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+其他部分.該句型可強調主語、賓語、狀語等，但不能強調謂語。Itwastheclowndoctorthat/whoentertainedthelittlecryingpatientsinthechildren'shospital.(強調主語)正是那個小丑醫生在兒童醫院里逗那些哭鬧的小病人們開心。Itwasthelittlecryingpatientsthat/whotheclowndoctorentertainedinthechildren'shospital.(強調賓語)那個小丑醫生在兒童醫院逗樂的是那些哭鬧的小病人們。Itwasinthechildren'shospitalthattheclowndoctorentertainedthelittlecryingpatients.(強調地點狀語)就是在兒童醫院里，那個小丑醫生逗那些哭鬧的小病人們開心。(2)一般疑問句的強調句型：Is/Wasit+被強調部分+that/who+其他部分?Wasityesterdaythatyouregisteredyourmarriage?你們是昨天登記結婚的嗎？(3)特殊疑問句的強調句型:疑問詞+is/wasit+that+其他部分?Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?你到底是在何時何地出生的？◆誤區警示(1)構成強調句型的it不能用其他詞代替。(2)用is還是was要根據原句的時態而定：屬于現在或將來時間范疇的所有時態用is；屬于過去時間范疇的所有時態用was。(3)被強調部分指人時，可以用who代替that，其他情況一律用that。◆說明(1)判斷句子是不是強調句型的方法：去掉itis/was和that/who，剩余部分若結構完整、句意明確，則為強調句型，否則就不是。(2)當強調句型強調一個含有“not...until..."句型的句子時，應使用固定句式“Itis/wasnotuntil+被強調部分+that+其他部分.”。Itisnotuntilheapprovesthatwewillstartourproject.直到他同意，我們才會開始我們的項目。◆單句語法填空①Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotel________thecoachpicksuptourists.②ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.◆句式仿寫③是她的表演讓病人高興起來的。(強調主語)__________________________________________________④父母關心的是孩子們的安全。(強調賓語)__________________________________________________⑤他們的兒子是在游樂場走失的。(強調地點狀語)__________________________________________________◆判斷以下句子是不是強調句型⑥Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatallofuslikeitverymuch⑦Itwasmymotherthatyoumetinmyhomeyesterday.2.When1drewastilllife,itwasimpresseduponmethattheblankspacesbetweentheobjectswerejustasvitaltothesuccessofthecompositionastheactualobjectsthemselves.當我在畫靜物時，我意識到，成功的構圖中，物體之間的留白和實際的物體本身一樣關鍵。blankadj.空白的；茫然的m.空白處，空格(→blanklyadv.茫然地；沒有表情地)(1)Pleasewriteyournameintheblankspaceatthetopofthepage.請把你的姓名寫在這頁上面的空白處。(2)MymindwasablankandIcouldn'trememberhername.我的大腦一片空白，記不起她的名字了。(3)Facingsuchaquestion,mostpeoplewillshaketheirheadsblankly.面對這樣的問題，大多數人都會茫然地搖搖頭。◆語塊積累ablankcheck/form/page/tape空白支票/表格/頁/磁帶blankexpression/face茫然的表情/面孔blankout取消，刪掉；忘記；消失◆詞語辨析:blank與emptyblank指的是表面空白無物。empty指的是里面什么也沒有。◆說明blank作動詞時指“突然忘記或思路模糊”Shehastriedtoblankoutthewholeexperience.她試圖把全部經歷從記憶中抹去。◆單句語法填空①Shestared____________(blank)intospace,notknowingwhattosaynext.②Iwastryingtoblank_________previoussituationsfrommymind.③Foraminutetheyremainedstaring__________(blank)atonepositionn.構圖；構成，成分；作品；作曲藝術(→composev.作曲；構成，形成；寫作，創作；使鎮靜composern.作曲家)(1)Thecourseisdesignedtohelpstudentswithusingcolorandcomposition.設置這門課程是為了在色彩的運用和構圖上幫助學生。(2)Shebegantocomposesongsatanearlyage.她在小小年紀就已經開始創作歌曲。(3)JohnLennonandPaulMcCartneywerenamedcomposersoftheyear.約翰?列儂和保羅?麥卡特尼被評為年度最佳作曲家。◆語塊積累becomposedof由……組成/構成composeoneself使某人鎮靜◆說明“由……組成/構成"的其他表達：consistof,bemadeupof。Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.Waterconsistsofhydrogenandoxygen.Waterismadeupofhydrogenandoxygen.水由氫與氧化合而成。◆單句語法填空④Around15%ofourdiet__________(compose)ofprotein.⑤Itwasthefortiethanniversaryofthedeathofthe_________(compose).⑥Heplayedapieceofmusicofhisown__________(compose).⑦Adamwasnervousatfirstbutsooncomposed__________(him).◆同義句轉換⑧Alllivingthingsaremadeupofcells._________________________________________________________3Also,asthegreateducatorConfuciusstated...而且，正如偉大教育家孔子所言……educatorn.教育家；教育工作者(→educatev.教育；培養；訓練educatedadj受過教育的；有教養的educationn.教育；教育學)(1)TheChineseculturehasbeendeeplyinfluencedbyConfucius,agreatChineseteacherandeducator.孔子是一位偉大的老師和教育家，對中國的文化有很深的影響。(2)Thetelevisionprogramisdesignedtoeducateandnotmerelytoentertain.這個電視節目不僅是為了娛樂而且是為了教育而設計的。(3)ThenewCEOisaneducated,amiableanddecentman.新的首席執行官是一位受過良好教育、親切、正派的人。(4)AIIcollegestudentsmusttakeclassesonmoraleducation.所有的大學生必須上思想品德教育課。◆語塊積累educateoneself自學educatein在某方面教育/訓練◆單句語法填空①He__________(educate)ataverygoodschoolwhenhewasyoung.②Myfatherwasascientist,buthewaswell__________(educate)inthehumanities.③EverySundayhespenttwohoursintrainingfordriver__________(educate)forthelasttwomonths.④Youngmenwereonceeducated__________goodmanners,andhowtotreatalady.4.Furthermore,theproductionofknowledgeisboundtogrowrapidly.此外，知識的生產一定會迅速增長。boundadj.一定會，很可能會；有義務(做某事)；準備前往(某地)Thereareboundtobepriceincreasesnextyear.明年價格必然會上漲。◆語塊積累beboundto一定會，很可能會beboundfor開往……Thisannouncementisboundtoshaketheconfidenceoftheindustry.這個聲明必將動搖這一行業的信心。◆說明當bound表示“一定會，必定會”或“準備前往”時，只用作表語。作“一定會，必定會”講時，其后常接動詞不定式；作“準備前往”講時，常跟for短語表示目的地。◆單句語法填空①Thetakeoverofthecompanyisbound__________(mean)morejoblosses.②InthemorningthewagontrainsleftfromLanham,Nebraska,boundOregonandCalifornia.◆完成句子③There______________________(一定會有變化)whenthenewsystemisintroduced.④Thefighthastakenoffat8:01fromNewark,N.J,______________（飛往）SanFranciscotheextentthatitcanbedifficulttokeeppacewiththelatestdevelopments.……以至于很難跟上最新的發展。keeppacewith與……步調一致，與……并駕齊驅Shefoundithardtokeeppacewithhimashestrodeoff.他大步走開了，她感到很難跟上他。◆語塊積累setthepace領先；起領頭作用；定速度putsb.throughsb.'spaces測試某人的能力paceupanddown走來走去Chinacontinuestosetthepaceintermsofeconomicgrowth.中國的經濟增長繼續保持著領先地位◆單句語法填空①Thecoachspentthewholemorningputtingthenewcomer__________hispaces.②Ifyouaskthefastrunnertoset__________pace,thenmostofthemwillbeleftbehind.③TheearningsoftheaverageAmericanhavefailedtokeeppace__________therateofinflation.◆完成句子④Thecaptain____________(領先)formostofthecourseinthisyear’smarathon.⑤She________________(與……步調一致)thetideandisalwaysdressedinthelatestfashion.6.Indeed,youmayonedaydojobsthatdonotyetexist,usetechnologiesthatarenotyetdevelopedandresolveproblemsthatarenotyetproblems!的確，可能有一天你會從事目前還不存在的職業，使用現在還未開發的技術，解決當下還不是問題的問題!resolvevt.&vi解決；表決；決心，決定；分解n.決心，堅定的信念(→resolvedadj.下定決心的；斷然的)(1)Wemustfindawaytoresolvetheseproblemsbeforeit'stoolate.我們必須及時找到解決這些問題的方法。(2)Thedifficultyinherwaymerelystrengthenedherresolve.她遇到的困難不過增強了她的決心。(3)Shewasresolvedtoavoidseeingpossible.她決定盡量避免見到他。◆語塊積累(1)resolveon央定(某事)resolvetodosth.決心做某事beresolvedtodosth.決心做某事o...把……變成……分解為resolvethat...決定……(2)makearesolvetodosth.下定決心做某事◆說明表示“決定，決心”的詞：resolve，decision，determination，resolution◆單句語法填空①Manystudentsresolve_________studyingabroadaftergraduation.②Thischemicalsubstancecanberesolved__________acidandoxygen.③TheSupremeCouncilresolved___________(resume)controloverthenationalpress.◆完成句子④Thedirector__________________________(已經決定了一項計劃)tosavethefirm.⑤He______________________(決心)goonajourneyearlyinthenextmorning.7.Thisisnottosuggestthatthereisnoneedforyoutostudyinschoolbuttoacknowledgethatrefreshingyourknowledgethroughlifelonglearningisbothessentialandbeneficial.這并不是說你沒有必要在學校學習，而是要承認通過終身學習來更新你的知識是必要和有不益的。refreshvt.使變新；使恢復精力；使想起(→refreshedadj.恢復精神的，清爽的refreshmentn.提神；點心，茶點)(1)I'verefreshedthepageafewtimesandstillseenocomments.這一頁我已經反復刷新了幾次，但是仍未見到任何評論。IthinkI'lljustrefreshmyselfwithacupofteabeforeIgotomeetthechildren.我想在見孩子們之前先喝杯茶來恢復一下精神。(2)Onceyouarepractisedatthissortofrelaxationyouwillfeelquiterefreshedafterwards.一旦你熟悉了這種放松方式，在放松之后就會感到神清氣爽。◆語塊積累(1)refreshoneself使自已恢復精神refreshone'smemory喚起某人的記憶(2)feelrefreshed消除疲勞；恢復精神makesb.refreshed使某人精神振作lightrefreshments小吃refreshmentroom小吃部◆單句語法填空①Theyrefreshedthemselves____________cansoflightbeer.②Whenyouneed____________(refresh),trycoffeeanddessertatasidewalkcafe.③Planyouractivitiessothatyouarerestedandsaid__________(refresh)whensomethingimportantiscomingup.◆完成句子④He___________________（……使自己恢復精神）acoldshower,thenwentbacktowork.⑤Ifweareunderpressureforalongtime,doingsomeexercisecan___________________(使我們精神振奮).8.Beobjectiveandmakeyourselfopentonewknowledgeandideas.要客觀，對新知識和新想法保持開放的態度。objectiveadj.客觀的；客觀存在的；賓格的n.目標，目的(→objectivelyadv.客觀地)(1)Scientistsneedtobeobjectivewhendoingresearch.科學家做研究時要客觀。(2)Theydidresearchonmanyplantswiththeobjectiveoffindinganeffectivewaytocurethedisease.他們對許多植物進行了研究，目的是找到一種治療(3)Trytoviewsituationsmoreobjectively,especiallywithregardtowork.要盡量客觀地分析情況，尤其是在工作上。◆語塊積累themain/chief/primaryobjective主要目標theeconomic/military/politicalobjective經濟/軍事/政治目標objectivereality/world客觀現實/世界withtheobjectiveof目的是……◆說明表示“目標，目的"的詞有objective,aim,goal,purpose,target,object等。◆單句語法填空①Ourmain___________(object)wastherecoveryofthechildsafeandwell.②Wesimplywanttoinformpeople___________(objective)aboutevents.③Theircompanybroughtinadvancedtechnology___________theobjectiveofimprovingtheoutput.9.Donotcriticizethemorrejectthemsimplybecausetheydifferfromwhatyouknoworbelieve.不要僅僅因為它們與你所知道或相信的有差異而批評或拒絕它們。criticize(alsocriticise)vt.&vi批評，批判，挑剔，指責；評價(→criticn評論家；批評家criticismn.批評；評論)(1)Rondoesnothingbutcriticizeandcomplainallthetime.羅恩什么也不干，只是一味指責和抱怨。(2)MatherwasafilmcriticonTheDailyTelegraphformanyyears.馬瑟多年來一直是《每日電訊報》的一名影評人。(3)Myonlycriticismofthehouseisthatitisonamainroad.我對這座房子唯一的批評意見是它處于一條大路上。◆語塊積累criticizesb.for因……指責某人◆單句語法填空①Hewascriticized__________hisdelayindealingwiththematter.②Thereportstrongly__________(criticize)thepoliceforfailingtodealwiththisproblem.③Thenewspaperhasbeenoneofthemostconsistent___________(critic)everofthegovernment.④The___________(critic)thattheEnglishdonottrulycareabouttheirchildrenwasoftenvoiced.10.Instead,youshouldinquirefurthertoassessthetruthofwhatyouarebeingtold.相反，你應該進步詢問，以評估你被告知的真相。inquirevi&vt.詢問，打聽；查究(→inquiryn.調查，查問，詢問，打聽)(1)Hewenttothehospitaltoinquireabouther.他到醫院去打聽她的情況。(2)Theinquiryfoundthatthecompanyhadseriouslyunderspentonsafetyequipment.調查發現，公司對安全設備的投資嚴重不足。◆語塊積累(1)inquireabout查問；詢問inquireinto調查；探究inquireafter問候(2)athoroughinquiryinto對……進行徹底的調查makeaninquiryabout詢問◆對比inquire打聽，詢問。如：inquireaperson'sname問一個人的姓名acquire取得，獲得，學到。如:acquireknowledge獲得知識require要求；需要。如：requirestudy需要研究◆單句語法填空①Hefrownedanddeterminedtoinquirethoroughly__________thematter.②Hecalledthemseveraltimestoinquire____________jobpossibilities.③Anofficial____________(inquire)hasbeenlaunchedintothecauseoftheaccident.④Thefollowingday,Maximbroughthercarnationsandinquired____________herwell-being.◆完成句子⑤Ihavebeenassignedto________________________(調查)themurdercase.⑥To________________________(詢問)ourproducts,arepresentativeoftheJapanesecompanypaidusavisit.11.Secondly,takeadvantageofopportunitiesforlifelonglearning-forexample,youcouldregisteronlineandsubscribetoe-learningcourses,whichhavebecomeincreasinglypopularinrecentyears.其次，利用終身學習的機會——例如，你可以在線注冊，訂閱在線學習課程，近年來這類課程越來越受歡迎。registervi&vt登記，注冊n.語體風格，語域；登記表(→registrationn.注冊；登記；掛號)(1)InordertoregisteracarinJapan,theownermusthavesomewheretoparkit.在日本要登記一輛小汽車，車主必須先要有車位。(2)Officialdocumentsarewritteninformalregister.官方文件是以正式語體寫成的。(3)Entryisonlyallowedonpaymentofthefullregistrationfee.繳付全部登記費用方可進入。◆語塊積累(1)registerfor..為……注冊/登記registerwith...(向……)登記(2)registrationsfees注冊費;掛號費theregistrationform注冊表，登記表theregistrationoffice掛號處◆詞語辨析：register與recordregister指正式的或官方的登記或注冊，而record指對事件或情況的記載。Bylawwearerequiredtokeeparegisterofbirthsanddeaths.法律要求我們對出生和死亡進行登記。◆單句語法填空①Howmanystudentshaveregistered____________Englishclasses?②The____________(register)ofstudentsforanexaminationhasbeenover.③Weboughtacarlastmonthwhich____________(register)undermyname.subscribevi.訂閱；定期訂購(或訂閱等)；同意，贊成；定期捐款(→subscriptionn.訂閱費；會員費；捐款，捐助subscribern.訂戶；訂閱人；用戶)(1)Morepeoplethaneverbeforearesubscribingtothetheatreticketservice.預訂戲票服務的人數比以往任何時候都多。(2)Subscriptionstothesemagazinescanbepaidinatthepostoffice.這些雜志的訂閱費可以在郵局繳納。◆語塊積累(1)subscribeto訂閱；定期訂購(或訂閱等)；同意，贊成；捐款subscribefor認購；預訂(2)subscriptionservices訂閱服務subscriptionfees會員費；訂閱費anannualsubscription一年期訂閱◆單句語法填空④____________(subscribe)arecheaperforindividualmembers.⑤Howmanypeoplehavesubscribed____________thebookwhenitisprinted?⑥Thebusinessmansubscribedalargeamount____________thecollectionforthehospital.◆寫出句中畫線詞的詞義⑦Thebusinessmansubscribedtendollarsforthecharity.____________⑧IhavebeenasubscribertoTheRailwayMagazineformanyyears.____________⑨Doyousubscribetoherpessimisticviewofthestateoftheeconomy?____________12.Finally,understandthatitisnotsufficienttosimplyknowsomethingortounderstandwhatyouknow,becauseforknowledgetohaveconcretevalue,itmustbeapplied.最后，要明白僅僅知道一些知識或理解你所知道的知識是不夠的，因為知識要有具體的價值，它必須得到應用。concreteadj.確實的，具體的；有形的，實在的n.混凝土(1)Thelawyerhadconcreteevidenceofhisclient'sinnocence.律師掌握了他的當事人無罪的確鑿證據。(2)Theyhadlaininseepingbagsontheconcretefloor.他們就躺在混凝土地面上的睡袋里。◆語塊積累concretefigures/problems/thought具體數字/問題/想法intheconcrete實際上；具體來說◆詞語辨析:concrete與specificconcrete指通過感官能看到、聽到、觸碰到的具體東西，其反義詞是abstract。specific側重指具體的細節，是與general,vague相對的具體。◆完成句子①Weshould______________(具體分析)ofeachspecificquestion.②Iunderstandthegeneralidea.But______________(具體來說),whatdoyouactuallyplantodo?◆辨析填空:concrete與specific③Shedeclinedtobemore___________aboutthereasonsfortheseparation.④Henowhereoffers___________historicalbackgroundtosupporthisarguments.13....sothatyourcomprehensionoftheworldbecomesacontinuousprocess.……這樣你對世界的理解就會成為一個持續的過程。comprehensionn.理解力，領悟能力；理解練習（comprehendv.理解，領悟；包括comprehensiveadj.全面的；綜合性的；詳盡的）(1)Theteachersettheclassacomprehensiontest.老師對全班同學進行了一次理解力測驗。(2)Thechildreadthestorybutdidn'tcomprehendisfullmeaning.那孩子看了這篇故事，但沒有理解它的全部意思。(3)TheRoughGuidetoNepalisacomprehensiveguidetotheregion.《尼泊爾概況》是一本全面介紹該地區的旅游指南。◆語塊積累(1)havegoodcomprehension理解能力強havenocomprehensionof不理解areadingcomprehension閱讀理解練習beyondcomprehension不可理解(2)comprehensivetreatment/quality/income/knowledge綜合治療/素質/收入/知識◆單句語法填空①Howhemanageditis__________mycomprehension.②Streamingwithin_____________(comprehend)schoolsiscommonpractice.③Theyturnedtooneanotherwiththesameexpressionofdawning__________(comprehend)surprise,andrelief.◆完成句子④Tomostpeople,hisbehaviorwascompletely____________(不可理解).⑤She____________(不理解)herteacher'sproblems.14.Insummary,inaworldofconstantchange,oneshouldneverceasetolearn.總之，在一個不斷變化的世界里，人不應該停止學習。ceasevi&vt.(使)停止，終止，結束Welfarepaymentsceaseassoonasanindividualstartsajob.一旦就業，即停發福利救濟。◆語塊積累ceasedoingsth.停止做某事(暫停)ceasetodosth.停止做某事(永久停止)ceasefrom停止……withoutcease不停地Weworkedwithoutceasetogettheprojectfinishedontime.我們不停地工作以便按時完成項目。◆說明ceasetodo表示停止原來已有的習慣性動作，且永遠停止不再進行。ceasedoing表示暫時性的停止動作，接下來有可能繼續進行。Heceasedtowriteattheageofsixty.他60歲停止了寫作。◆單句語法填空①Thebushasceased_________(run)sincelastmonth.②Heceased_________thinkingofthequestionthisway.③Thearmsraceamongthesuperpowersisbeingsteppedup_________cease.④Weshouldcease_________(worry)aboutthingsthatarebeyondthepowerofourwill.15.Manyofourbeliefsabouttheuniversearebasedoninductivereasoning,alsoknownasthescientificmodel.我們對宇宙的許多觀點都是基于歸納推理，也被稱為科學模型。reasoningn.推理，理性的觀點，論證(→reasonn.原因，理由；理智；理性推論；推理reasonableadj.合理的；公道的；適當的；合乎情理的)(1)Hisreasoningisperfectlysound,buthemissesthepoint.他的推理完全正確，但是他沒有抓住要點。(2)Thereisareasonforeveryimportantthingthathappens.每件重要事情的發生都有原因。(3)Imadethemareasonableofferbuttheyturneditdownfat.我向他們提出一個合理報價，但是他們斷然拒絕。◆語塊積累(1)reasoningability推理能力areasoningprocess推理過程2reasonfrom根據..進.行推論reasonout通過推理得出結論◆單句語法填空①Wewouldnotreason___________wherewewerebecauseofthemist.②Whatisa___________(reason)standardforonefamilyisnotapplicabletoanother.③Hisargumentdoesnotreston___________(reason)oronexperiment,butonauthority.④Intheabsenceofsuchdata,wemustreason___________moreindirectevidence.16.Inotherwords,itisawaytoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral,fromthespecifictotheabstract.換句話說，這是種從特殊到一般，從具體到抽象的方法。abstractadj.抽象的，純理論的vt.以把……抽象出；提取；轉移(注意力等)n.摘要，摘錄(→abstractionn.抽象，抽象概念；心不在焉abstractedadj.心不在焉的)(1)Wemaytalkofbeautifulthings,butbeautyitselfisabstract.我們盡可談論美的事物，然而美本身卻是抽象的。(2)Sheabstractedthemainpointsfromtheargument.她把論據概括成要點。(3)Itmightalsobenecessarytosupplyanabstractofthereviewoftheliterature.可能也有必要提供這篇文學評論的摘要。(4)Untilnow,ourgenerationonlyknewwarasanabstraction.戰爭對于我們今天的這一代人僅僅是個抽象概念。◆語塊積累abstractideas/concepts/paintings/principles抽象觀念/概念/畫/原理abstract...from...從……提取；摘錄……的要點makeanabstractof把……的要點摘錄下來intheabstract抽象地；在理論上◆單句語法填空①Andrewnoticedher___________(abstract)andasked:“What'sbotheringyou?"②Intheendheabstractedthemostimportantpoints___________hislongspeech.③Megwasso___________(abstract)thatshescarcelynoticedthatthetrainhadstopped.17.Beforethefirstblackswanwasseen,theassumptionwasthatallswanswerewhite.在第一只黑天鵝出現之前，人們認為所有的天鵝都是白色的。assumptionn.假定，假設(→assumev.認為；假定，假設assumingconj.假定，假設)(1)Don'trelyontheinformationshegaveyou;itisapureassumption.不要相信她告訴你的消息，那完全是臆測。(2)Weassumedhimtobethebestwriterofourtime.我們認為他是這個時代最好的作家。◆語塊積累(1)makeanassumption做出假設ontheassumptionthat...假定……(2)assumesb./sth.tobe認為某人/某物……Letus/Let'sassume(that)...讓我們/咱們假設……Itisgenerally/usuallyassumedthat...普遍/通常認為……assuming(that)...假定