應用文（測）滿分：50得分閱讀理解（每小題2分，共16）A（2021.山東濰坊.高三月考）Whileitmaybecommonplace,snubbing（冷落）one'sfriendscanhaveseriousimpactsonrelationships,andthereareavarietyoffactorsthatmaydriveindividualstoignoretheirfriendsinfavorofanelectronicscreen,accordingtoanewUniversityofGeorgiastudy.Thestudyrevealspositiveassociationsbetweendepressionandsocialanxietyandincreasingsnubbing:depressedpeoplearelikelytosnubtheirfriendsmorefrequently,andsociallyanxiouspeople,whopreferonlinesocialinteractions,mightalsoexhibitmoresnubbingbehavior.Thesepeoplearereallysensitivetotheirmessages.Witheachbuzzorsound,theyconsciouslyorunconsciouslylookattheirphones.Thedevice'svariousapplicationsarekeydriverscontributingtothisdynamic.Thefindingalsoshowsthatagreeableindividualshavealowerinstanceofsnubbinginthepresenceoftheirfriends.Peoplewhohaveagreeablenessasapersonalityfeaturetendtoshowcooperative,politeandfriendlybehaviorsintheirinterpersonalrelationshipsandsocialsettings.Thoughagreeablepeoplemayprioritizestrongfriendships,anexploratorystudyrevealstheyarealsomorelikelytoturntophonesinthepresenceofthreeormorepeople.Thatdynamicmayinfluencethespreadofsnubbinginthecontextofaworkenvironment."Itsironic（諷刺意味的）thatwhilesomanypeoplebelievethatsnubbingbehaviorisrude,theystilldoitJSunsaid.“Amajorityofpeoplesnubothers,andinagroup,itmayseemOK,becauseit'sjustme,thespeakerdoesn'tnoticeI'musingthephone.Thenumberofpeopleinagroupcanbeonereason.”Alternately,disablingorturningoveraphonecanindicateashowofrespectforasituationandfocusonaperson.That,too,isasignal—IamlisteningtowhatyouaresayingandIamfocusingonyou.Whatcancausesnubbingbehavior?Socialrequirements.Unhealthymentalcondition.Frequentsocialinteractions.Limitedcommunicationdevices.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheagreeablepeople?A.Theyareinsensitivetophonemessages.B,Theyaremorelikelytosnubtheirfriends.Theyattachimportancetofirmfriendships.Theygetaccustomedtogroupswithmorepeople.Whydosomepeoplecontinuesnubbingbehavioreveniftheyknowit'srude?Themajorityareusingphones.Theydon'tliketheenvironment.Thespeakerdoesn'tcareaboutit.Theythinktheywillgounnoticed.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?HowsnubbingbehaviorscanbeavoidedWhypeopleareaddictedtophonemessagesWhypeoplesnubtheirfriendswiththeirphonesHowphonesinfluencepeople'ssocialinteractions【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.C【解析?】這是一篇說明文。短文從不同精神狀態的人的角度介紹了為什么人們因使用手機冷落了自己的朋友。.細節理解題。根據第二段“Thestudyrevealspositiveassociationsbetweendepressionandsocialanxietyandincreasingsnubbing”（這項研究揭示了抑郁和社交焦慮以及日益增加的冷落之間的積極聯系）由此可知，不健康的精神狀態導致了冷落行為。故選B項。.推理判斷題。根據第三段"Thoughagreeablepeoplemayprioritizestrongfriendships^^（盡管和藹可親的人會優先考慮牢固的友誼）可知，和藹可親的人強調牢固的友誼。故選C項。.細節理解題。根據倒數第二段"It'sironic（諷刺意味的）thatwhilesomanypeoplebelievethatsnubbingbehaviorisrude,theystilldoit,“Sunsaid.“Amajorityofpeoplesnubothers,andinagroup,itmayseemOK,becauseitfsjustme,thespeakerdoesn'tnoticeFmusingthephone."（具有諷刺意味的是，盡管很多人認為冷落行為是粗魯的，但他們仍然這樣做，“孫說。“，在一個群體中，大多數人都會冷落別人，這看起來沒什么，因為只有我一個人，說話的人沒有注意到我在用手機。）由此可知，為什么有些人明知道這很粗魯，還要繼續冷落別人是因為他們認為自己沒有被注意到。故選D項。.主旨大意題。根據第——段“Whileitmaybecommonplace,snubbingone*sfriendscanhaveseriousimpactsonrelationships,andthereareavarietyoffactorsthatmaydriveindividualstoignoretheirfriendsinfavorofanelectronicscreen,accordingtoanewUniversityofGeorgiastudy.”（喬治亞州一所大學的最新研究表明，盡管冷落朋友可能很平常，但是冷落朋友會嚴重影響人際關系，而且有很多因素可能會導致人們忽視朋友，轉而使用電子屏幕。）以及下文從不同精神狀態的人的角度介紹了為什么人們因使用手機冷落了自己的朋友。可知，短文的最佳標題為“為什么人們因使用手機冷落了自己的朋友故選C項。B（2021.四川仁壽.高三期中）Microplasticsaretinybitsorthreadsofplastic,oftentoosmalltobeseen.Inrecentyears,microplasticshavebeenfoundalmosteverywhere,fromtheNorthpoletoAntarctica,fromthetopofMountQomolangmatothedeepestpointinthesea.InarecentstudyledbyagroupcalledOceanWise,researchersmadefourtripsacrosstheArcticOcean.Theytook71samplesfrombetween10and26feetbelowtheocean'ssurface,and26moresamplesfrommorethan0.6milesbelow.Theyfoundmicroplasticsinallbutone,withanaverageofabout40microplasticparticlesineverycubicmeter.Toidentifytheparticlestheyfound,thescientistsusedatoolbasedoninfrared（紅夕卜的）light.Over92%ofthemicroplasticsfoundweresmallthreads,calledmicrofibers.About73%ofthesefibersweremadeofaplasticknownaspolyester（聚酯），whichexactlymatchedpolyesterusedinclothing.ThestudyalsofoundfarmoremicrofibersneartheAtlanticsideoftheArcticOceanthannearthePacificside.ThefibersontheAtlanticsidewerealsonewer.TheteambelievesthissuggeststhatthefiberscomefromEuropeandNorthAmerica.PeterRoss,wholedtheresearch,said,"Withthesepolyesterfibers,we'vecreatedacloudthroughouttheworld'soceans.”Mostsamplesweretakenfromanoceanlayerwherelotsofsealifefindsfood.Thescientistsbelievethismeansthatmanykindsofsealife,fromthesmallesttothelargest,arelikelytobeaffectedbythepollution.Sohowdothesemicrofibersgetintothesea?Theybreakoffwhenclothesarewashedandemptiedbywashingmachinesintoundergroundpipes.OnerecentstudysuggestedthatlaundryfromtheUSandCanadacarriesaround7,716,000poundsofplasticmicrofibersintotheseaeveryyear..Whichistrueaboutthestudyaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Allthesamplestakencontainedmicroplastics.B,Polyesteraccountedformostofthemicrofibers.TheheadoftheresearchgroupiscalledOceanWise.Mostsampleswerecollectedfromover0.6milesbelow.6.Whatcanweinferfi-omPeter'swords?A.Thesepolyesterfiberslooklikeclouds.B,Theworld'soceansarelinkedtogether.Thepollutionhasreachedaseriouslevel.Thefoodchainoftheseahasbeendamaged.Whichonemightbethesourceofthemicrofibers?A.Plastics.B.Oceanlayers.C.Washingmachines.D.Laundry.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EffortsMadetoProtecttheArcticOceanReductionintheConsumptionofPlasticProductsMicroplasticsFoundAllThroughtheArcticOceanD.ReasonsBehindthePollutionoftheArcticOcean【答案】5.B6.C7.D8.C【解析】本文為說明文。本文主要講述了微型塑料是微小的碎片狀或線條狀。近年來，從北極到南極洲，從地球最高處到最深處幾乎都可以發現微型塑料的存在，這對環境和海洋生物存在極大地危害。.細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Over92%ofthemicroplasticsfoundweresmallthreads,calledmicrofibers.About73%ofthesefibersweremadeofaplasticknownaspolyester（聚酯），可知，超過92%的微塑料是細小線條狀，被稱為微纖維。其中大約73%的微纖維是由一種被稱為聚酯的塑料制成的。由此可知，聚酯是微塑料的主要來源。故選B項。.推理判斷題。根據文章第三段Peter所說的話“PeterRoss,wholedtheresearch,said,“Withthesepolyesterfibers,we\ecreatedacloudthroughouttheworld'soceans.“可知，我們（人類）己經用這些聚酯纖維，為世界各地的海洋創造了一片云。再結合第四段第一句"Mostsamplesweretakenfromanoceanlayerwherelotsofsealifefindsfood.”可知，大多數的樣本都取自于許多海洋生物覓食的海洋層。由此推知，從Peter的話我們可以推知，微型塑料污染已經十分嚴重。故選C項。.細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句"Sohowdothesemicrofibersgetintothesea?Theybreakoffwhenclothesarewashedandemptiedbywashingmachinesintoundergroundpipes.OnerecentstudysuggestedthatlaundryfromtheUSandCanadacarriesaround7,716,000poundsofplasticmicrofibersintotheseaeveryyear.（那么這些超細纖維是如何進入大海的呢？當衣服被洗衣機洗干凈并倒入地下管道時，它們就會斷裂。最近的一項研究表明，來自美國和加拿大的洗衣店每年將大約7716000磅的塑料超細纖維帶入大海）”可知，當衣服被洗衣機清洗時微纖維就會脫落，從而被倒入地下管道時進入海洋。因此微纖維的來源也許是洗衣服。故選D項。.主旨大意題。根據第一段“microplasticshavebeenfoundalmosteverywhere（微塑料已經隨處可見）”以及第二段“InarecentstudyledbyagroupcalledOceanWise,researchersmadefourtripsacrosstheArcticOcean.（在最近由一個名為OceanWise的組織領導的一項研究中，研究人員進行了四次北冰洋之旅）”和第三段“ThestudyalsofoundfarmoremicrofibersneartheAtlanticsideoftheArcticOceanthannearthePacificside.（這項研究還發現，北冰洋大西洋一側的微塑料纖維遠多于太平洋一側）”以及后文內容可知，本文主要介紹了北冰洋微塑料的污染狀況。C項“遍布北冰洋的微塑料”可以作為本文標題。故選C項。完形填空（2021?重慶市酉陽第一中學校模擬預測）（每小題1分，共15分）（2021.江蘇連云港.高三期中）WhenIleftforcollege,I]myhometowngoodbye!Itoldeveryone,"Iwill2comebackhere!”IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatI'dfailed.ThatIbecame3.IlovedcitylifeinNYC.Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,andendless4forfoodandfun.Iwalkedonthestreets5Iwaspartofthem.Livinginthecitydidprovidemewithmanyopportunities.ButasIgot6tomy30s,Istartedtohatelivinginthecity.Ihatedthetraffic.Ihatedgoingout,7crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.Ibeganwantingabitmore8somethingthecitycouldnolongergiveme.Istartedtodreamaboutmovingbackhome.AndIdidit.Ileftmygoodjobandtheendless9.EverydayIwakeuptobirdssinging.Notrafficsounds,caralarms,orpeople10onthestreets.Theairhereiscleanandsmellsgood.Myfavoritethingtodoiswatchthesunsetfrommyporch.SinceFvebeenhomemylifehasbeen11,Irealizedthathomeisaplacethat12me.Aplacetodreamandimagine.Becausebefore,inthecity,IfeltlikeIhadtocompetewitheveryoneto13,Manytimes,forgettingwhatIwas'fighting9for,Iwas14incompetition.Ilosttouchwiththeotherpartsofmyself,never15realizingthatthequietcountrylifeprovidedthattome.1.A.huggedB.kissedC,pettedD.shook2.A.NEVERB.ALWAYSC.EVERD.ALMOST3.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing4.A.tastesB.choicesC,dreamsD.events5.A.nowthatB.inthatC.asifD.evenif6.A.tougherB.rougherC,higherD.closer7.A.askingB.demandingC.fightingD.beating8.A.excitementB.achievementC,boredomD.freedom

A.occasionsA.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.getaheadA.setA.completely【答案】1.B2.A3.A.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.occasionsA.screamingA.suitableA.requiresA.getaheadA.setA.completely【答案】1.B2.A3.B.opportunitiesB.singingB.comfortableB.tiresB.getonB.cloudedinstantlyD4.B5.C6.D7.C.conditionsC.coughingC.accessibleC.inspiresgetdownC.bathedC.immediatelyC8.D9.BIO.All.inventionsD.laughingD.availableD.admiresD.getoffD.locatedD.necessarilyB12.C13.A14.B15.A【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。講述了作者考入大學后離開家鄉，本打算再也不回家鄉而是留在繁華都市打拼，可是隨著年齡的增長，發現安靜的鄉村生活才是最適合自己的。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我去上大學的時候，我吻別了我的家鄉!A.hugged擁抱；B.kissed親吻；Cpetted撫摸；D.shook搖晃。根據"WhenIleftforcollege”得知，作者離開家鄉去上大學，和家鄉親吻告另限故選Bo.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我告訴每個人，“我永遠不會回來了!”A.NEVER從不；B.ALWAYS總是；C.EVER曾經；D.ALMOST幾乎。根據"IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatTdfailed”得知，作者不打算回來。故選A。.考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：當我變得一無所有。A.something某事；B.anything任何事；C.everything—切事；D.nothing沒有事。根據“IsecretlyfeltthatmovingbackhomemeantthatIdfailed”得知，作者認為回來打拼意味著自己一事無成。故選D。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡紐約的城市生活。我喜歡那里的博物館、夜生活，還有無窮無盡的食物和娛樂選擇。A.tastes品嘗；B.choices選擇；C.dreams夢想；D.events事件。根據"IlovedcitylifeinNYC.Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,anden”得知，大都市充斥著各種選擇。故選B。.考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：我走在街上，好像我是他們的一部分。A.nowthat既然；B.inthat因為；C.asif好像；D.evenif即使。根據“Iadoredthemuseums,nightlife,andendlessforfoodandfun."得知，我喜愛大都市的繁華感覺自己是其中一份子。故選C。.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但當我快到30歲時，我開始討厭住在城市。A.tougher更艱難；B.rougher更粗糙;C.higher更高;D.closer更近。根據“Istartedtohatelivinginthecity.”得知,作者接近30歲時,開始討厭城市生活。故選D。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我討厭出去，為了要張桌子，甚至是喝一杯而擠來擠去。A.asking詢問；.demanding要求；C.fighting打仗；D.beating打敗。根據"crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.”得知，在城市，人們為了站桌子或喝一杯而爭，故選C。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我開始想要更多的自由，這是城市再也不能給我的東西。A.excitement興奮；B.achievement成就；C.boredom無聊；D.freedom自由。根據“Ihatedthetraffic.Ihatedgoingout,crowdstogetatableorevengetadrink.”得知，作者厭惡城市的擁堵想念家鄉的自由。故選D。.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：離開了我的好工作和無盡的機會。A.occasions場合；B.opportunities機會;C.conditions條件；D.inventions發明。根據"Livinginthecitydidprovidemewithmanyopportunities.知，在城市工作，有各種機會。故選B。10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有交通聲音，沒有汽車警報，沒有人在街上尖叫。A.screaming尖叫；B.singing唱歌；C.coughing咳嗽;D.laughing大笑。根據“Notrafficsounds,caralarms,“得知，城市的喧鬧中有人在街上尖叫。故選A。.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：自從我回家以來，我的生活一直很舒適。A.suitable合適的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.accessible可達到的；D.available可利用的。根據“Aplacetodreamandimagine."得知，作者在家鄉生活很舒服。故選B。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識到家鄉是一個激勵我的地方。A.requires需要；B.tires厭煩；C.inspires激勵；D.admires羨慕。根據"Aplacetodreamandimagine.”得知，作者感覺家鄉激勵了自己。故選C。.考查動詞短語詞義辨析\句意：因為以前，在城市里，我覺得我必須和每個人競爭才能領先。A.getahead前進，領先；B.geton上車；C.getdown寫下；D.getoff下車。根據"IfeltlikeIhadtocompetewitheveryone”得知，和別人競爭，自己才能領先。故選A。.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：很多時候，我忘記了我在“爭取”什么，我在比賽中感到困惑。A.set設定；B.clouded使模糊；C.bathed沐浴；D.located位于。根據“forgettingwhatIwasf