漢英翻譯教程華橋外國語學院應用英語學院漢英翻譯教程華橋外國語學院1商務合同翻譯商務合同翻譯2

I.商務合同的種類按格式繁簡的不同，分為正式合同Contract協議書Agreement確議書Confirmation備忘錄Memorandum意向書LetterofintentI.商務合同的種類按格式繁簡的不同，分為3中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，然后是合同正文，結尾是當事人印章、授權代表簽字、職務及日期。英文合同一般以下面這類句式開頭：ThisCONTRACTismadethis_______dayof_________in(placeofsignature)byandbetween

(nameofoneparty),acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)withitsdomicileat(address)

(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and(nameoftheotherparty)acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)

withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafter,referredtoasPartyB).II

商務合同的結構中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，4

然后是

WHEREAS……THEREFORE….Itisherebyagreedasfollows或WITNESSETH,WHEREAS….NOWTHEREFORE,forandinconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementscontainedherein,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows.接著是正文最后是證明部分：

INWITNESSWHEREOF，thepartiesheretohavehereuntosettheirhandsthedayandyearsfirstabovewritten.（雙方于文首日期簽署本協議，特此為證）隨后還包括當事人和見證人的簽字。然后是51.合同名稱(Title)如SalesContract,TechnologyTransferAgreement,SharePurchaseAgreement2.前文（前言）(Preamble)1)Date&placeofsigning2)Signingparties,nationalitiesandprincipalplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddress3)Eachparty’sauthority(當事人的合法依據）

如：acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof…..

商務合同的具體構成部分1.合同名稱(Title)商務合同的具體構成部分64)RecitalsorWHEREASclause(定約緣由）

WHEREAS,Sellerisengagedindealingof(product)anddesirestosell(product)toBuyer,WHEREAS,Buyerdesirestopurchase(product)fromSellers,Now,THEREFORE,itisagreedasfollows:

WhereasPartyAiswillingtoemployPartyBandPartyBagreestodoasPartyA’sengineerinBeijing,itisherebyagreesasfollows.

鑒于甲方愿聘請乙方,乙方同意應聘為甲方在北京的工程師,雙方協議如下:Inconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementhereincontained,thepartiesagreeasfollows.

雙方考慮到在此提出的契約和協議,同意如下條款.4)RecitalsorWHEREASc73.正文（Body)定義條款（Definitionclause)基本條款（Basicconditions)一般條款（Generaltermsandconditions)合同有效期限（Duration)終止(Termination)不可抗力（ForceMajeure)合同的讓與（Assignment)仲裁（Arbitration)適用法律（Governinglaw)訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)通知手續（Notice)合同的修改（Amendment)其他（Others)3.正文（Body)84.結尾條款（Witnessclause)結尾語包括合同的分數、使用的文字和效力等（Concludingsentence)，有時還包括對合同進行修改或補充的內容和附件。簽名（Signature)蓋印（Seal)4.結尾條款（Witnessclause)9III合同翻譯原則

準確嚴謹

首先是用詞的準確性。如：Shippingadvice和shippinginstruction表面上差不多，但前者是“裝運通知”，后者是“裝運指示”。符合規范

譯文必須要體現法律語言的特點和契約文體的特點。（略）III合同翻譯原則準確嚴謹101

多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&professional）

試比較下列用詞terminate,stopcommence,beginbedeemedto,beregardedasinlieuof,inplaceofpriorto,beforewhatsoever,whatevercommencement,start/begin；ceasetodo，stoptodo；

IV.英文合同的語言特色1多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&p11byvirtueof/duetobecauseof；atthecloseofthefiscalyear，intheendofthefiscalyear；asregards/concerning,relatingto，about；ineffect，infact；Themeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbysb.hold或call，convene；；miscellaneous,othermatters/events；construeacontract,comprehendacontract，understandacontract;deem，consider，think/believe；byvirtueof/dueto121）AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.應乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術員幫助乙方安裝設備(help)2）PartyAshallrepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassagetoBeijing.甲方應將病人遣返中國，負責病人回到北京的旅費。（sendback)3)Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyexecutedbythepartieshereto.“生效日”的意思是指本協議經訂約雙方簽字的日子。（signed）1）AttherequestofPartyB,13注意合同本身的法律術語詞匯和一般用語的區別：examples一般文本含義法律文本含義Action行動措施或訴訟Limitation限制時效Prejudice偏見損害Royalties皇室、王權特許權使用費；版稅Negligence疏忽過失Avoidance逃避宣告無效Satisfaction滿意清償、補償grace優雅寬限期注意合同本身的法律術語詞匯和一般用語的區別：examples142用語力求準確、明白、嚴密

PartyAshallsendtechnicians

atPartyB’sexpense

totrainParty

B’spersonnel

within

30daysaftersigningtheContract.

甲方應于簽約后三十天內派遣技術員培訓乙方的人員，有關費用由乙方承擔。

ThisContractcanonlybe

altered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedby

authorizedrepresentatives

ofbothparties.

本合同的變更、修改和補充應按雙方授權代表簽名蓋章的文件，才能進行。2用語力求準確、明白、嚴密153多使用老式詞匯

把here,there,where加后綴(after,by,in,of,on,to,under,upon,orwithafterhere,there,orwhere)

hereafter＝afterthistime;inthefuture今后

hereby＝bymeansof茲herein＝inthis此中，于此hereinafter＝laterinthiscontract

hereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthiscontract

hereof＝ofthis

hereto＝tothis

herebefore＝untilnow

hereunder＝underthis

hereupon＝atthispoint;inconsequenceofthis

herewith＝withthis

3多使用老式詞匯16thereafter＝afterwards

thereby＝bythatmeans;inthatconnection

therefrom＝fromthat

therein＝inthat;inthatparticular

thereinafter＝laterinthesamecontract

thereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthesamecontract

thereon＝onthat

thereof＝ofthat;fromthatsource

thereto＝tothat

thereunder=underthat

thereupon＝then;astheresultofthat

therewith＝withthatorit

whereas=consideringthat;but鑒于whereby=bywhat;bywhich

wherein=inwhat;inwhich

whereof=ofwhat;ofwhich

whereon=onwhat;onwhich關于那，在其上

thereafter＝afterwards

thereby17Inconfirmationhereofweattachabankstatement.

為作這方面的確認我們附上銀行結單。ThecorrespondenceattachedheretoformpartoftheContract.

合同文件以及其來往文件均應被視為本合同的一部份。AlloftheobligationsoftheGuarantorhereundershallbejointandseveral.擔保人在本擔保書項下承擔的所有義務均應是連帶的。Lossescausedasaresultthereofshallbebornebytheviolator.由此而造成的損失，由違反者承擔。（belongingtothat）Inconcludingacontract,thepartiestheretoshallimplementtheprincipleofgoodfaith.

（tothat）當事人訂立合同，應執行誠實信用原則。Inwitnesswhereof,Isetmyhand.

我作為證人簽字。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.

下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產品，其品牌以此為合適。Inconfirmationhereofweatta184

多用并列的同義詞anyandall全部termsandconditions條件nullandvoid無效freeandclearof無costandexpenses各種費用rightsandinterests權益ableandwilling能夠并愿意covenantsandagreements合同、協議anyduties,obligationsorliabilities所有責任applicablelaws,regulations,decrees,directives,andrules適用法律法規4多用并列的同義詞19ThisAgreement

madeandenteredinto

byandbetweenABCCo.andXYZCo.ABC公司和XYZ公司雙方簽訂本協議。Alldocuments,letters,telegramsandtelexesinterchangedbetweenbothpartiesbeforethesigningoftheContractshallbecomenullandvoid

automaticallyfromthedateonwhichthe

Contractcomesintoforce.雙方在簽約前交換的所有文件、書信、電報和電傳，應從本合同生效之日開始自動失效。ThepartieshaveagreedtovarytheManagement

onthetermsandsubjecttotheconditions

containedherein.(都表示“依照本協議的條款規定”。)ThisAgreementmadeandentere205多用拉丁詞(loanwords)比例稅率：用proratetaxrate（要比proportionaltaxrate多）從事慈善性服務的律師：probonolawyer，（不怎么用lawyerengagedincharitablelegalassistance）委托代理人：agentadlitem。善意bonafide（goodfaith）反之亦然viceversa單方的exparte（fromoneside）不可抗力forcemajeure代替inlieuof(insteadof)事實上defacto不在現場的證明alibi按比例的prorata5多用拉丁詞(loanwords)216多用情態動詞shall,should,may,will在合同中用這些詞時要極其謹慎。權利義務的約見定部分構成了合同的主體，這幾個詞如選用不當，可能會引起糾紛。Shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什么時候），英語法律條文中，表示強制性的“必須”的語義時，要用shall，而不是should.may旨在約定當事人的權利（可以做什么）must用于強制性義務（必須做什么）.maynot(或shallnot)用于禁止性義務（不得做什么）。6多用情態動詞shall,should,may,w22Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeople'sCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuchdisputeoccurs.雙方首先應通過友好協商，解決因合同而發生的或與合同有關的爭議。如果協商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發生后未就仲裁達成協議的，可將爭議提交有管轄權的人民法院解決。ItisherebyagreedthatPartyBshallhavenoobligationtopayforthecostsofsuchtraining,otherthantopayfortheirtravelingexpensestoandfromUSAandtheirsalaries.雙方特此協議,乙方除支付受訓人員赴美國的往返旅費及其薪金外，不負擔此類培訓費用.Thepartiesheretoshall,firs237經常用一些特殊的表達方式一些在普通英語中很少出現的連詞經常在合同中出現。如:

Notwithstanding,providedthat,subjectto,forthepurposeof,inrespectof,inrespectthereof,intheeventof,intheeventthat,includingbutnotlimitedto,unlessanduntil,ifandonlyif,unlessotherwise,whereinthecase,untilotherwise,otherwiseor,beliableto,inTestimonywhereof,inWitnesswhereof7經常用一些特殊的表達方式24Theworksshallbemeasured,notwithstandinganygeneralorlocalcustom,exceptwhereotherwisespecificallydescribedorprescribedintheContract.除合同另有規定外，即使有一般或當地習慣，工程也應當被計算。InstructiongivenbytheEngineershallbeinwriting,providedthatifforanyreasontheEngineerconsideritnecessarytogiveanysuchinstruction.若工程師認為由于某種原因有必要發出任何指示，工程師應以書面形式發出此類指示。SubjecttotheClause17,novariationinormodificationofthetermstotheContractshallbemadeexceptbywrittenamendmentsignedbytheparties.根據第17條規定，合同的任何變更或修改，必須以雙方簽訂的修改文本為準。Theworksshallbemeasured,n25合同英語句法特點：

結構嚴謹，句式較長，從句等附加成分多，但位置明顯，對主句意義進行解釋、限制和補充。主要是為了體現莊嚴，另外為了避免歧義和引發爭端。

例如：貨物抵達目的港15天內，買方可以憑有信譽的公共檢驗員出示的檢驗證明向賣方提出短重索賠。TheBuyersmay，within15daysafterarrivalofthegoodsatthedestination，lodgeaclaimagainstthesellersforshort-weightbeingsupportedbyInspectionCertificateissuedbyareputablepublicsurveyor.

合同英語句法特點：26買方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為受益人的不可撤銷信用證支付全部貨款計30000美元。Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract，theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstotheSellerbyopeninganirrevocableL/CforthefullamountofUSD30，000infavoroftheSellerthroughabankatexportport.

買方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為27買方須于中國銀行收到賣方下列單據，并經審核證實無誤后的20天內向賣方支付350000美元，但此款項的支付不得早于合同工廠第一次達到附件Ⅵ所規定之質量保證指標的95%以后的12個月，或本合同簽字后的65個月，以早到的日期為準。TheBuyershallpaytheSellerUS350，000within20daysaftertheBankofChinahasreceivedthefollowingdocumentsfromtheSellerandfoundtheminorder，butnotearlierthan12(twelve)monthsafterthedatetheContractPlantforthefirsttimereached95%ofguaranteedcapacityofthewholeContractPlantaccordingtotheguaranteedqualityindicesasperAnnexVItotheContractor65monthsafterthedateofsigningthecontract，whicheverisearlier.

買方須于中國銀行收到賣方下列單據，并經審核證實無誤后的20天28注意前后照應，對一些漢語詞要正確理解。合營企業各方可以現金、實物、工業產權等進行投資。Eachpartytoajointventuremaymakeitsinvestmentincash,inkindorinindustrialpropertyrights,etc.外國合營者作為投資的技術和設備，必須確實是適合我國需要的先進技術和設備。Thetechnologyand/or?equipmentcontributedbyanyforeignparticipantasinvestmentshallbetrulyadvancedandappropriatetoChina'sneeds.注意前后照應，對一些漢語詞要正確理解。29ThankYou！ThankYou！30漢英翻譯教程華橋外國語學院應用英語學院漢英翻譯教程華橋外國語學院31商務合同翻譯商務合同翻譯32

I.商務合同的種類按格式繁簡的不同，分為正式合同Contract協議書Agreement確議書Confirmation備忘錄Memorandum意向書LetterofintentI.商務合同的種類按格式繁簡的不同，分為33中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，然后是合同正文，結尾是當事人印章、授權代表簽字、職務及日期。英文合同一般以下面這類句式開頭：ThisCONTRACTismadethis_______dayof_________in(placeofsignature)byandbetween

(nameofoneparty),acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)withitsdomicileat(address)

(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and(nameoftheotherparty)acorporationdulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)

withitsdomicileat(address)(hereinafter,referredtoasPartyB).II

商務合同的結構中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業場所，34

然后是

WHEREAS……THEREFORE….Itisherebyagreedasfollows或WITNESSETH,WHEREAS….NOWTHEREFORE,forandinconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementscontainedherein,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows.接著是正文最后是證明部分：

INWITNESSWHEREOF，thepartiesheretohavehereuntosettheirhandsthedayandyearsfirstabovewritten.（雙方于文首日期簽署本協議，特此為證）隨后還包括當事人和見證人的簽字。然后是351.合同名稱(Title)如SalesContract,TechnologyTransferAgreement,SharePurchaseAgreement2.前文（前言）(Preamble)1)Date&placeofsigning2)Signingparties,nationalitiesandprincipalplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddress3)Eachparty’sauthority(當事人的合法依據）

如：acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsof…..

商務合同的具體構成部分1.合同名稱(Title)商務合同的具體構成部分364)RecitalsorWHEREASclause(定約緣由）

WHEREAS,Sellerisengagedindealingof(product)anddesirestosell(product)toBuyer,WHEREAS,Buyerdesirestopurchase(product)fromSellers,Now,THEREFORE,itisagreedasfollows:

WhereasPartyAiswillingtoemployPartyBandPartyBagreestodoasPartyA’sengineerinBeijing,itisherebyagreesasfollows.

鑒于甲方愿聘請乙方,乙方同意應聘為甲方在北京的工程師,雙方協議如下:Inconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementhereincontained,thepartiesagreeasfollows.

雙方考慮到在此提出的契約和協議,同意如下條款.4)RecitalsorWHEREASc373.正文（Body)定義條款（Definitionclause)基本條款（Basicconditions)一般條款（Generaltermsandconditions)合同有效期限（Duration)終止(Termination)不可抗力（ForceMajeure)合同的讓與（Assignment)仲裁（Arbitration)適用法律（Governinglaw)訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction)通知手續（Notice)合同的修改（Amendment)其他（Others)3.正文（Body)384.結尾條款（Witnessclause)結尾語包括合同的分數、使用的文字和效力等（Concludingsentence)，有時還包括對合同進行修改或補充的內容和附件。簽名（Signature)蓋印（Seal)4.結尾條款（Witnessclause)39III合同翻譯原則

準確嚴謹

首先是用詞的準確性。如：Shippingadvice和shippinginstruction表面上差不多，但前者是“裝運通知”，后者是“裝運指示”。符合規范

譯文必須要體現法律語言的特點和契約文體的特點。（略）III合同翻譯原則準確嚴謹401

多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&professional）

試比較下列用詞terminate,stopcommence,beginbedeemedto,beregardedasinlieuof,inplaceofpriorto,beforewhatsoever,whatevercommencement,start/begin；ceasetodo，stoptodo；

IV.英文合同的語言特色1多使用正式或法律上的用詞（formal&p41byvirtueof/duetobecauseof；atthecloseofthefiscalyear，intheendofthefiscalyear；asregards/concerning,relatingto，about；ineffect，infact；Themeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbysb.hold或call，convene；；miscellaneous,othermatters/events；construeacontract,comprehendacontract，understandacontract;deem，consider，think/believe；byvirtueof/dueto421）AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.應乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術員幫助乙方安裝設備(help)2）PartyAshallrepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassagetoBeijing.甲方應將病人遣返中國，負責病人回到北京的旅費。（sendback)3)Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyexecutedbythepartieshereto.“生效日”的意思是指本協議經訂約雙方簽字的日子。（signed）1）AttherequestofPartyB,43注意合同本身的法律術語詞匯和一般用語的區別：examples一般文本含義法律文本含義Action行動措施或訴訟Limitation限制時效Prejudice偏見損害Royalties皇室、王權特許權使用費；版稅Negligence疏忽過失Avoidance逃避宣告無效Satisfaction滿意清償、補償grace優雅寬限期注意合同本身的法律術語詞匯和一般用語的區別：examples442用語力求準確、明白、嚴密

PartyAshallsendtechnicians

atPartyB’sexpense

totrainParty

B’spersonnel

within

30daysaftersigningtheContract.

甲方應于簽約后三十天內派遣技術員培訓乙方的人員，有關費用由乙方承擔。

ThisContractcanonlybe

altered,amendedorsupplementedinaccordancewithdocumentssignedandsealedby

authorizedrepresentatives

ofbothparties.

本合同的變更、修改和補充應按雙方授權代表簽名蓋章的文件，才能進行。2用語力求準確、明白、嚴密453多使用老式詞匯

把here,there,where加后綴(after,by,in,of,on,to,under,upon,orwithafterhere,there,orwhere)

hereafter＝afterthistime;inthefuture今后

hereby＝bymeansof茲herein＝inthis此中，于此hereinafter＝laterinthiscontract

hereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthiscontract

hereof＝ofthis

hereto＝tothis

herebefore＝untilnow

hereunder＝underthis

hereupon＝atthispoint;inconsequenceofthis

herewith＝withthis

3多使用老式詞匯46thereafter＝afterwards

thereby＝bythatmeans;inthatconnection

therefrom＝fromthat

therein＝inthat;inthatparticular

thereinafter＝laterinthesamecontract

thereinbefore＝inaprecedingpartofthesamecontract

thereon＝onthat

thereof＝ofthat;fromthatsource

thereto＝tothat

thereunder=underthat

thereupon＝then;astheresultofthat

therewith＝withthatorit

whereas=consideringthat;but鑒于whereby=bywhat;bywhich

wherein=inwhat;inwhich

whereof=ofwhat;ofwhich

whereon=onwhat;onwhich關于那，在其上

thereafter＝afterwards

thereby47Inconfirmationhereofweattachabankstatement.

為作這方面的確認我們附上銀行結單。ThecorrespondenceattachedheretoformpartoftheContract.

合同文件以及其來往文件均應被視為本合同的一部份。AlloftheobligationsoftheGuarantorhereundershallbejointandseveral.擔保人在本擔保書項下承擔的所有義務均應是連帶的。Lossescausedasaresultthereofshallbebornebytheviolator.由此而造成的損失，由違反者承擔。（belongingtothat）Inconcludingacontract,thepartiestheretoshallimplementtheprincipleofgoodfaith.

（tothat）當事人訂立合同，應執行誠實信用原則。Inwitnesswhereof,Isetmyhand.

我作為證人簽字。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.

下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產品，其品牌以此為合適。Inconfirmationhereofweatta484

多用并列的同義詞anyandall全部termsandconditions條件nullandvoid無效freeandclearof無costandexpenses各種費用rightsandinterests權益ableandwilling能夠并愿意covenantsandagreements合同、協議anyduties,obligationsorliabilities所有責任applicablelaws,regulations,decrees,directives,andrules適用法律法規4多用并列的同義詞49ThisAgreement

madeandenteredinto

byandbetweenABCCo.andXYZCo.ABC公司和XYZ公司雙方簽訂本協議。Alldocuments,letters,telegramsandtelexesinterchangedbetweenbothpartiesbeforethesigningoftheContractshallbecomenullandvoid

automaticallyfromthedateonwhichthe

Contractcomesintoforce.雙方在簽約前交換的所有文件、書信、電報和電傳，應從本合同生效之日開始自動失效。ThepartieshaveagreedtovarytheManagement

onthetermsandsubjecttotheconditions

containedherein.(都表示“依照本協議的條款規定”。)ThisAgreementmadeandentere505多用拉丁詞(loanwords)比例稅率：用proratetaxrate（要比proportionaltaxrate多）從事慈善性服務的律師：probonolawyer，（不怎么用lawyerengagedincharitablelegalassistance）委托代理人：agentadlitem。善意bonafide（goodfaith）反之亦然viceversa單方的exparte（fromoneside）不可抗力forcemajeure代替inlieuof(insteadof)事實上defacto不在現場的證明alibi按比例的prorata5多用拉丁詞(loanwords)516多用情態動詞shall,should,may,will在合同中用這些詞時要極其謹慎。權利義務的約見定部分構成了合同的主體，這幾個詞如選用不當，可能會引起糾紛。Shall約定當事人的義務（應當做什么時候），英語法律條文中，表示強制性的“必須”的語義時，要用shall，而不是should.may旨在約定當事人的權利（可以做什么）must用于強制性義務（必須做什么）.maynot(或shallnot)用于禁止性義務（不得做什么）。6多用情態動詞shall,should,may,w52Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeople'sCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuchdisputeoccurs.雙方首先應通過友好協商，解決因合同而發生的或與合同有關的爭議。如果協商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發生后未就仲裁達成協議的，可將爭議提交有管轄權的人民法院解決。ItisherebyagreedthatPartyBshallhavenoobligationtopayforthecostsofsuchtraining,otherthantopayfortheirtravelingexpensestoandfromUSAandtheirsalaries.雙方特此協議,乙方除支付受訓人員赴美國的往返旅費及其薪金外，不負擔此類培訓費用.Thepartiesheretoshall,firs537經常用一些特殊的表達方式一些在普通英語中很少出現的連詞經常在合同中出現。如:

Notwithstanding,providedthat,subjectto,forthepurposeof,inrespectof,inrespectthereof,intheeventof,intheeventthat,includingbutnotlimitedto,unlessanduntil,ifandonlyif,unlessotherwise,whereinthecase,untilotherwise,oth