書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-太原科技大學華科學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Duetoan____bybank,therewaslessmoneyinmyaccountthanthereshouldhavebeen.

問題1選項

A.intent

B.oversight

C.indecision

D.engagement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“intent”，意為“意圖，含義”；B選項“oversight”，意為“負責，疏忽”；C選項“indecision”，意為“猶豫不決，優柔寡斷”；D選項“engagement”，意為“約會，契約”。句意：由于銀行的疏忽，我銀行里的錢比應有的少了。因此，B選項符合題意。

2.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ManypeopleseemtothinkthatcreativityisproducingtheBigIdea—anideafromnowheresocleverandsoprofoundthatitdefinescreativity.(41)Oneofthekeylessonsofthisbook,andaclearmessagetotheprospectiveclientwhorejectedmyproposals,isthis:theinstantBigIdeadoesnotexist.

(42)Ideascomethroughaseriesofsmallstepsormoves.Theybuildupeachothertoproducethefinalidea.Lookbackonanyideayouhavecomeupwith;thinkbacktopreciselyhowtheideagrew,andtraceitslineage.(43)Ratherthanthecreativeideabeinganinstantrevelation,itwillmorelikelybecharacterizedbyahaphazardseriesofmoves,stepsandlinkages.

(44)(Astudyoftheremaining5percentofpatentswould,Isuspect,revealthattheyaretheproductsofincrementalthought.)Anytrulygreatidea(possessingsignificantaddedvalue)willgenerallyhaveemergedasaresultofaseriesofincrementalsmallstepsingeneratingit,withmuchofitsinherentaddedvaluegainedinthesubsequentimplementation,orinhowitwassold.

Examineanyfieldofactivitywherecreativeideasaregeneratedandused,whetheritistheworldofmanagement,thearts,ortelevisioncomedy.(45)Indeed,themanagementguruTomPetersdescribesinhisbookAPassionforExcellence(Peters,1996)severalcasestudieswhereorganizationsmadedecisionstopursueaBigIdea:“Inallofhistoryitseems,fromFrenchfryseasoningatMcDonald’stoIBM’sSystem/360computer,thefirstandsecondprototypesdon’twork.”Oftenthekeypeopleinaprojectweresimplyintenton“makingitwork”;throughtrialanderrortheyeventuallysucceeded.NoBigIdeabroughtaninstantsolution.

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.

【答案】41.E

42.A

43.C

44.F

45.B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.A.創造力及其產生想法的任務本質上是遞增的。

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.B.他們的想法是通過許多小步驟創造出來的，而不是通過瞬間、驚天動地的靈感。

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.C.如果你足夠誠實的話，精彩的靈感閃現會與你之前處理過的想法或元素聯系起來。

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.D.在公共關系工作中，這可能是一個其他人沒有想到的新的宣傳理念，它將取得重大的宣傳效果，或者是以新的角度展示產品，并產生廣泛的媒體報道的照片宣傳噱頭。

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.E.人們更容易相信，偉大的創意人士會以某種方式，憑直覺立即得出偉大的想法，而不是認識到，創造力可能是一個混亂、乏味和漫長的過程。

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.F.英國專利局證實了創造力的這種漸進式性質，該局報告稱，95%的新專利只是對現有專利的改編。

41.空格前提到“很多人似乎認為創造力指突然產生一個特別聰明、宏大的想法”，這與E選項是對應的，所以該題選擇E項。

42.空格后一句提到“想法來自一系列的小步驟或行動（aseriesofsmallstepsormoves）。”，這一句是對A項觀點的具體說明和解釋，故A項正確。

43.根據該空前一句“回顧你想到的任何想法；準確地回想一下這個想法是如何發展起來的，并追溯它的沿襲”，其中提到了一個人稱代詞you，所以后面應該還是以第二人稱為主，C項正確。

44.后面括號里面提到了remaining5percentofpatents，所以該段第一句是對這個專利的描寫，故F項正確。

45.上一段最后一句還提到“任何真正偉大的想法通常都是由一系列漸進的小步驟產生的（aseriesofincrementalsmallsteps），其內在的附加價值大多是在后續的實施中獲得的，或者是通過它的銷售方式獲得的”，接著該段就提到“檢查任何產生和使用創造性想法（creativeideas）的活動領域”，可推測，第二句是要迎合上一段的最后一句，所以B項正確。

3.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermaybeobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthestoryofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

問題1選項

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteafoodbiography

D.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

問題2選項

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

問題3選項

A.thebestbiographiesaretheonesofheroesandfamousfigures

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

D.biographiescanservedifferentpurpose

問題4選項

A.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

D.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

問題5選項

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章首先講述傳記作家碰到的各種問題，包括傳記作家寫作時在兩種立場之間搖擺不定。接著詳細闡述了傳記作家寫作創作的難點。最后提到了傳記作家“授權問題”。所以由此可知，選項A“傳記作者很難找到合適的角度來進行寫作”最符合題意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節事實題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.對于傳記寫作這一工作來說，沒有理想的角度。”和第三句“Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses每一種角度都有其優勢和劣勢。”可知每位傳記作家都面對寫作角度中的優勢和劣勢，所以沒有人能夠寫出完美無缺的傳記。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“biographiesofJesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.”，第三段主要是講傳記作者會根據描述對象做出有目的選擇，然后進行寫作。所以，對于英雄和人物的傳記和神的傳記寫作的目的是不同的，屬于有目的的類型寫作。故正確答案選D。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。關鍵詞定位到文章第四段第四句“…the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.這種未經授權的描述通常暗示了當事人原本希望壓制流言蜚語的前景。”可知，選項B“它包含了關于描述對象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合題干意思，為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.傳記作者必須站在被描述對象同一個世界的同一位置上，必要時需要調整位置來進行描述。”和文章最后一段“Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis‘authorized’bythesubject,thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.在推進這一主張時，他們得到幫助，如果傳記被主題‘授權’，這可能允許傳記作者的私人信息的特殊訪問。”由此可知，理想的傳記作家一方面要充分了解被描寫的對象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距離。故正確答案選A。

4.單選題

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

問題1選項

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項arbitrary“任意的；武斷的；專制的”，是由偶然、一時興起或沖動而非由必然、推理或原則決定的；B選項irrational“不合理的（即與理想狀況相比有差距）；無理性的；荒謬的”；C選項indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的；責無旁貸的”；D選項negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的關鍵點，我的選擇必然是相對______。如果不知道關鍵點，做出選擇前心里就不會有一個理想答案，所以選擇就會相對隨意，所以A選項正確。

5.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問題1選項

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項continuous“連續不斷的”，指整個事發的過程都沒有中斷；B項continual“持續不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復發生的；C項constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項contrary“相反的、對立的”；句意：城邦國家之間頻繁的沖突導致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項正確。

6.單選題

JosephHellerisagreatnovelistwhohasthrilledthousandsofleaders,（

）manyAmericanaccomplishednovelistskneelathisfeetandcan'thelpsinginghispraises.

問題1選項

A.inthat

B.somuchsothat

C.since

D.while

【答案】B

【解析】連詞詞義辨析題。A選項的inthat“因為，由于，既然”；B選項的somuchsothat“到這樣程度以至于……，甚至”；C選項的since通常用于現在完成時態，表示“自從……”；D選項的while“當……時候，然而……”。根據句意‘約瑟夫?海勒是個偉大的小說家，震驚了成千上萬的領導人，甚至很多美國著名的小說家都臣服于他的才華，情不自禁地贊揚他’確定B選項正確。

7.單選題

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

問題1選項

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的發電機出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替機械操作。A選項manually手工地；B選項artificially人為地；C選項automatically自動地；D選項synthetically綜合地，A選項符合句意。

8.單選題

______forhisillness,hewouldhavecometohelpyoupaintyourhouse.

問題1選項

A.Notbeing

B.Nothavingbeen

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Havingitnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當主句結構為：主語+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+動詞的過去分詞時，從句結構應為：If+主語+had+動詞的過去分詞。當虛擬句中的if省略時，主句中的had要提前。原句應為：Ifithadnotbeenforhisillness...，省略if后had提前，句子變為：Haditnotbeenforhisillness...。句意：如果不是因為他生病，他就會來幫你粉刷房子了。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

C.relevant

D.rigorous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項relevant“相關的；切題的”；D選項rigorous“嚴格的，嚴厲的”。句意：艾滋病是一個全球性的問題，需要一個統一的、全球性的解決辦法，而不僅是艾滋病盛行的國家的責任。句意要表達的是“艾滋病盛行的國家”，因此B選項正確。

10.問答題

Cancerdevelopswhencellsinapartofthebodybegintogrowoutcontrol.Althoughtherearemanykindsofcancer,theyallstartbecauseofout-of-controlgrowthofabnormalcells.

Normalbodycellsgrow,divide,anddieinanorderlyfashion.Duringtheearlyyearsofaperson’slife,normalcellsdividemorerapidlyuntilthepersonbecomesanadult.Afterthat,cellsinmostpartsofthebodydivideonlytoreplaceworn-outordyingcellsandtorepairinjuries.

Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.Cancercellsoftentraveltootherpartsofthebodywheretheybegintogrowandreplacenormaltissue.Thisprocess,calledmetastasis,occursasthecancercellsgetintothebloodstreamorlymphvesselsofourbody.Whencellsfromacancerlikebreastcancerspreadtoanotherorganliketheliver,thecancerisstillcalledbreastcancer,notlivercancer.

CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.Thissubstanceisineverycellanddirectsallitsactivities.MostofthetimewhenDNAbecomesdamagedthebodyisabletorepairit.Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.Manytimesthough,aperson’sDNAbecomesdamagedbyexposuretosomethingintheenvironment,likesmoking.

Cancerusuallyformsasatumor.Somecancers,likeleukemia,donotformtumors.Instead,thesecancercellsinvolvethebloodandblood-formingorgansandcirculatethroughothertissueswheretheygrow.Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.

Differenttypesofcancercanbehaveverydifferently.Forexample,lungcancerandbreastcancerareverydifferentdiseases.Theygrowatdifferentratesandrespondtodifferenttreatments.Thatiswhypeoplewithcancerneedtreatmentthatisaimedattheirparticularkindofcancer.

CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.Halfofallmenandone-thirdofallwomenintheUSwilldevelopcancerduringtheirlifetimes.Today,millionsofpeoplearelivingwithcancerorhavehadcancer.Theriskofdevelopingmosttypesofcancercanbereducedbychangesinaperson’slifestyle,forexample,byquittingsmokingandeatingabetterdiet.Thesooneracancerisfoundandtreatmentbegins,thebetterarechancesforlivingformanyyears.

1.Howarecancercellsdifferentfromnormalones?

2.Whydoescancercelldevelop?

3.Iscancerhereditary?Why?

4.Areallthetumorscancerous?Whyorwhynot?Giveyourreasons.

【答案】答：

1.Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.

2.CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.

3.Yes,itisbecausepeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.

4.Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening.

【解析】1.細節事實題。題干意思是“癌細胞與正常細胞有何不同？”。第三段前兩句提到Becausecancercellscontinuetogrowanddivide,theyaredifferentfromnormalcells.Insteadofdying,theyoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells.（因為癌細胞繼續生長和分裂，所以它們不同于正常細胞；它們不是死亡，而是比正常細胞活得更久，并繼續形成新的異常細胞），所以把這兩句整合到一起，答案為Insteadofdying,cancercellsoutlivenormalcellsandcontinuetoformnewabnormalcells（癌細胞不會死亡，而是比正常細胞活得更久，并繼續形成新的不正常細胞）。

2.細節事實題。題干意思是“癌細胞為什么會產生？”。第四段第一句就提到了CancercellsdevelopbecauseofdamagetoDNA.（癌細胞的產生是由于對DNA的破壞），因此答案為這一句。

3.細節事實題。題干意思是“癌癥遺傳嗎？為什么？”。文章第四段提到Incancercells,thedamagedDNAisnotrepaired.PeoplecaninheritdamagedDNA,whichaccountsforinheritedcancers.（在癌細胞中，受損的DNA無法修復；人們可以遺傳受損的DNA，這就是遺傳性癌癥的原因）可知，癌癥會遺傳，原因是癌細胞破壞的DNA，而受損的DNA可以遺傳。

4.細節事實題。題干意思是“所有的腫瘤都是惡性的嗎？為什么是或為什么不是？”。根據第五段最后兩句Rememberthatnotalltumorsarecancerous.Benigntumorsdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyand,withveryrareexceptions,arenotlifethreatening.（記住，不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的；良性腫瘤不會擴散到身體的其他部位，不會危及生命，除了極少數例外）可知，不是所有的腫瘤是惡性的。故答案為Notalltumorsarecancerousbecausetherearebenigntumors,whichdonotspreadtootherpartsofthebodyandusuallyarenotlifethreatening（不是所有的腫瘤都是惡性的，因為有良性腫瘤，它們不會擴散到身體的其他部位，通常不會危及生命）。

11.單選題

Theinformationonhowtoapplyforthemortgageloansis______inthebank.

問題1選項

A.available

B.accessible

C.attainable

D.ascertainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項available“可獲得的，可購得的”，B項accessible“易接近的，可進入的”，C項attainable“可得到的，可達到的”，D項ascertainable“可查明的，可確定的”。根據句子可知，空格處應該填入一個表語修飾主語information“信息”，把四個選項分別代入，只有available符合語境。句意：有關如何申請按揭貸款的資料可以在銀行里找到。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

12.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問題1選項

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題2選項

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

問題3選項

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問題4選項

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問題5選項

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第一句中提到的“不尋常的特征或情況”是什么？’根據第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地帶是干燥的大陸性氣候，動物和植被與同緯度的相似，但是與更北的地區有些不同，那里更干燥。”可以推知A項動植物生長模式‘’符合其特征。根據第三段倒數第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.這種植物的品種也同樣有限，一些觀察人士發現，即使是相對肥沃的東部藏谷，也不超過70種植物。只有不到10種糧食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也許可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜。”可知B項‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根據第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.這些困難肯定對當地后來不同尋常的一妻多夫制的出現產生了影響”可知，可知C選項‘典型的藏族社會家庭組織’符合。所以ABC選項都談及到了這種不尋常的特征，所以D選項正確。

2.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一個地區的生態只造成該地區居民所面臨的一些問題，而一種文化所面臨的問題雖然對其發展很重要，但并不能決定它的發展。’指出生態會影響但不決定人文風氣。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.總而言之，盡管可以提出論點說，由于土地的嚴酷條件，已經存在的一妻多夫制得到了加強和保護(就目前而言)，但在這種情況下，把任何性質更強的原因因素都歸罪于生態影響，那肯定是言過其實了。”談及當地一妻多夫制的社會組織結構可能受到生態該環境的影響。因此，可推知A選項“分析青藏地區生態和社會之間的可能因果聯系”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者對西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未談及作者自己的經歷和研究，而是分別引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的觀點，因此，作者對青藏高原的了解是C選項‘源于書本’。

推理判斷題。題目提問‘根據文章，下列哪項最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介紹了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鳩關于氣候和土壤的觀點作為文化決定因素。”因此，可以推知‘孟德斯鳩是環境決定論支持者，即外部環境決定人文風氣’，C選項“在共享土地和氣候的同一個地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的觀點。

4.細節事實題。題目提問‘更新世冰蝕以后，仍然存在于西藏的動植物群可以成為大陸性的動植物群，是因為什么？’根據第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期結束后，原始大陸物種中僅存少數種類的生物。”所以，它們被稱為大陸性動植物群是因為A選項‘它們原來是在大陸性氣候中被發現的’。

13.單選題

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

問題1選項

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。butfor“要不是，如果沒有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察來了，他可能已經被殺了。mighthavebeenkilled是對過去的推測，故B項正確。

14.單選題

Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe（

）

問題1選項

A.empowered

B.punished

C.polluted

D.annihilated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:如果我們不停止與那些致命的核武器的親密接觸，整個地球將。empower:使控制局勢，授權。punish:懲罰,處罰。pollute:污染，弄臟。annihilate:消滅，湮沒。

15.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問題1選項

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不確定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能夠理解教授演講的內容，因為主題非常晦澀。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers（

）amatchwithoutastandardcourt

問題1選項

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場比賽被取消了，因為大部分成員反對在沒有標準場地的情況下比賽。

考查固定搭配。objecttodoingsth.反對做某事。

17.單選題

Maryonce___withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

問題1選項

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.merged（尤指商業結構）合并；（使）融合，逐漸消失B.collaborated合作

C.coincided一致；符合；同時發生D.constituted組成；構成

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格后有with表示和……一起，表伴隨。根據邏輯關系，應該是二人合作一起創作音樂。B選項符合句意，正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】瑪麗有一次與另一位音樂家合作譜寫了一首流行樂曲。

18.單選題

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

問題1選項

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項smuggle“走私，偷運”；B選項startle“使驚奇，使嚇一跳”；C選項appeal“呼吁”；D選項stabilize“使穩固，使安定”。

句意：當史蒂文30天后終于從山洞里出來時，在場的人都嚇了一跳。選項B符合句意。

19.單選題

Fromthevastarsenalofexistingscienceandtechnology,thedevelopingcountriesshouldselectwhatsuitstheirownpurposesandwhatcorrespondstotheiraspirations.

問題1選項

A.concepts

B.desires

C.goals

D.spirits

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aspiration表示“渴望，抱負”；A項concept“觀念，概念”，B項desire“欲望，要求，心愿”，C項goal“目標，球門”，D項spirit“精神，心靈，情緒”。句意：發展中國家應從現有的大量科學技術中，選擇符合自身目的、符合自身