書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱華德學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Caughtinasqueezebetweenthehealthneedsofageingpopulationsononehandandthefinancialcrisisontheother,governmentseverywherearelookingforwaystoslowthegrowthinhealthcarespending.Increasingly,theyarelookingtothegeneric-drugs(普通物)industryasasavior.InNovemberJapan'sfinanceministryissuedareportcomplainingthatthecountry'suseofgenericswaslessthanathirdofthatinAmericaorBritain.InthestonemonthCanada'scompetitionwatchdogcriticizedthecountry'spharmaciesforfailingtopassonthesavingsmadepossiblebytheuseofgenericdrugs.Thatgreed,itreckoned,coststaxpayersnearly$1billionayear.

ThenonNovember28ththeEuropeanCommissionissuedthepreliminaryresultsofitsyear-longprobeintodruggiantsintheEuropeanUnion.Thereportreachedadamning,thoughprovisional,conclusion:thedrugsfirmsuseavarietyofunfairstrategiestoprotecttheirexpensivedrugsbydelayingtheentryofcheapergenericopponents.Thoughthisinitialreportdoesnotcarrytheforceoflaw(afinalreportisdueearlynextyear),ithascausedmuchcontroversy.NeelieKroes,theEU'scompetitioncommissioner,sayssheisreadytotakelegalactioniftheevidenceallows.

Onestrategytheinvestigatorscriticizeistheuseofthe"patentcluster(專利群)Afirmkeentodefenditsdrugduetogooff-patentmayfiledozensorhundredsofnewpatents,oftenofdubiousmerit,toconfuseandterrifypotentialcopycatsandmaintainitsmonopoly.Anunnameddrugsfirmoncetookout1.300patentsacrosstheEUonasingledrug.Thereportalsosuggeststhatout-of-courtsettlementsbetweenmakersofpatenteddrugsandgenericsfinalsmaybeastrategyusedbytheformertodelaymarketentrybythelatter.

AccordingtoEUofficials,suchmisdeedshavedelayedthearrivalofgenericcompetitionandtheaccompanyingsavings.Onaverage,thereportestimates,genericsarrivedsevenmonthsafterapatenteddruglostitsprotection,thoughwherethedrugwasabigsellerthelagwasfourmonths.Thereportsaystaxpayerspaidabout3billionmorethantheywouldhavehadthegenericsgoneonsaleimmediately.

Buthangonaminute.Thoughmanyofthechargesofbadbehaviorleveledatthepatented-drugsindustrybyEUinvestigatorsmaywellbetrue,thereportseemsloletthegenericsindustryoffthehook(鉤子)toolightly.Afterall,ifthedrugsgiantsstandaccused,ineffect,ofbribingopponentstodelaythelaunchofcheapgenerics,shouldn'tthecompaniesthatacceptedthose"bribes"alsosharetheblame?

1.Whyaregovernmentsaroundtheworldseekingwaystoreducetheirhealth-carespending?

2.WhatcanwelearnfromthereportissuedbytheEuropeanCommission?

3.Theinvestigatorsseriouslycondemnedthedrugfirmsfor（）.

4.Onaverage,thegeneticswillbedelayedtoenterthemarketby（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingaccordswiththeauthor'sview?

問題1選項

A.Theyconsiderthegeneric-drugsindustryasasavior.

B.Theyareunderthedoublepressureofaginggroupandfinancialcrisis.

C.Health-carespendinghasaccountedtoolargeproportion.

D.Health-carespendinghascosttaxpayerstoomuchincome.

問題2選項

A.Drugfirmwillusejustwaystoprotecttheirdrags.

B.Cheapergenericdrugsareeasytoentermarket.

C.Thereporthascometoanultimateconclusion.

D.Thefinalreportmayleadtocommissioner'slegalaction.

問題3選項

A.theydonotlettheiropponentstoresorttothecomet

B.theyuseclustersofpatentstoprotecttheirproducts

C.theybribethecheapergenericopponents

D.theydonotpassonthesavingsmadebyuseofgenericdrugs

問題4選項

A.sevenmonths

B.threemonths

C.fourmonths

D.elevenmonths

問題5選項

A.Chargesonpatented-drugindustryareanythingbuttrue.

B.Genericsindustryisasheervictiminthecompetition.

C.Onlydruggiantsaretoblame.

D.Exclusionofgenericsindustryfromtakingresponsibilityisquestionable.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節事實題。題干意為:為什么各國政府尋求方法以減少醫療開支?第一段指出:Caughtinasqueezebetweenthehealthneedsofageingpopulationsononehandandthefinancialcrisisontheother,governmentseverywherearelookingforwaystoslowthegrowthinhealth-carespending(各國政府一方面面臨老齡化人群的健康需求，另一方面又受到金融危機的影響，因此，政府在尋求緩增醫療衛生開支的方式),因此B項“他們處于老齡化和金融危機的雙重壓力中”正確。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:從歐洲委員會發布的報告可以知道什么？A:藥物公司會采取適當的手段保護他們的藥物。B:便宜的普通藥品容易進入市場。C:報告已經有定論。D:最終報告可能會引起委員會的起訴。根據題干關鍵詞report和theEuropeanCommission定位至第二段:thedrugsfirmsuseavarietyofunfairstrategiestoprotecttheirexpensivedrugsbydelayingtheentryofcheapergenericopponents(藥物公司使用不正當的競爭手段，以推遲普通藥物的上市),因此A項跟B項錯誤。后面還指出:Thereportreachedadamning,thoughprovisional,conclusion…(本報告的結論只是暫時的),因此C項錯誤。最后一句指出:NeelieKroes,theEU'scompetitioncommissioner,sayssheisreadytotakelegalactioniftheevidenceallows(NeelieKroes—歐盟競爭委員會專員說：如果證據允許，委員們會起訴)。因此D項正確。

3.細節事實題。題干意為:為什么調查者嚴肅譴責藥品公司?通過題干定位至第三段:Onestrategytheinvestigatorscriticizeistheuseofthe"patentcluster”(調査員們嚴厲譴責藥品公司的原因是:他們利用“專利群”這一策略)，即為一個產品申請多項專利，故正確答案是B項“他們利用專利群保護產品”。

4.細節事實題。題干意為:平均來說，推遲產品進入市場要多久？根據題干定位至第四段第二句:Onaverage,thereportestimates,genericsarrivedsevenmonthsafterapatenteddruglostitsprotection,thoughwherethedrugwasabigsellerthelagwasfourmonths(盡管暢銷產品的滯后期是四個月，但是，平均來說，普通藥物要等藥物專利失效7個月后才能上市)。因此A項正確。

5.觀點態度題。題干意為:下列哪項符合作者觀點？作者的觀點在最后一段有體現:盡管，委員會對專利藥物行業的控訴是正確的，但是，不應將普通制藥行業與此完全脫離關系。畢竟，如果制藥巨頭被指控賄賂以推遲產品上市，那么接受賄賂的公司也應該承擔責任。因此D項“不讓非專利藥行業承擔責任是值得討論”比較符合作者觀點。

2.單選題

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe（

）.

3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

問題2選項

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

問題3選項

A.burned

B.cut

C.framed

D.baked

問題4選項

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

問題5選項

A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper

B.arecreatedfromareversedimage

C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades

D.requireaprintingpress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章主要討論的問題是什么”。文章第一段第一句為文章的中心句：版畫是一系列工藝的總稱，其中木刻和雕刻是兩個主要的例子（Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples），接下來的內容都是在講述木刻與雕刻，所以選項C“版畫的兩種”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第二段的目的是為了描述……”。文章第二段介紹了木刻的來源：公元五世紀中國開始采用，主要用于紡織；十四世紀傳入歐洲。然后介紹了木刻工藝的具體流程，因此選項C符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問的是“單詞incised與哪個詞的意思最接近”。文章第三段提到“圖片被……進一塊高度拋光的金屬板”（Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate），由此可以推測出incised有“雕刻”的意思。選項B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據文章內容可知，木刻與雕刻的共同點是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版畫很適合多圖制作”（Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages），可知選項D符合題意。

5.細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章內容，下列關于出版哪項是錯誤的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中國，用于紡織，由此可知選項A描述正確，排除；文章第一段提到“當紙被拿掉時，圖像會附著在紙上，但是方向是相反的”（Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse），由此可知選項B描述正確，排除；文章第一段提到“印刷是把一張紙（或其他材料）壓在一個裝有油墨的承載圖像的表面上”（Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied），由此可知選項D描述正確，排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

問題1選項

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項compensate“補償”；B選項constructwell“構造得很好”；C選項manageproperly“妥善處理”；D選項terminate“使終止；使結束；解雇”。句意：在國內，他們在農業和工業上的損失必須盡可能用更多的外國工人和戰俘來彌補。結合此處關鍵詞madegood“補償”，得知A為正確答案。

4.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonCellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow.

1.Thepresentsituation;

2.Itsadvantages;

3.Itsdisadvantages;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】CellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinformationindustry,cellphonesplayanimportantroleinpeople’s,especiallytownspeople’slife.But,likeeverythingelse,theyareamixedblessing.

First,it’suseful.Asawirelesstelephone,itcanbecarriedanywhereonewantstogoandcanbeusedtocallthecalleehoweverfarawayheorsheis.Therefore,itgreatlyfacilitatespeople’slife.Second,it’sconvenient.Wheneveronegetsintotroubleormeetssomethingurgent,onecanaskforhelpbymakingaphonecallimmediately.Mostimportantofall,it’saveryhelpfulcompanion.Withamultifunctionalcellphoneinhand,onecaneasilylogon,browsingusefulinformation,conductingE-commerceanddoingwhateveronecandoviatheInternet.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,thecellphonealsohasmanydisadvantages.First,itmayaffectothers’attention.Forexample,somepeopleusetheircellphoneswhilelisteningtoalectureorattendingameeting,whichundoubtedlydistractstheattentionofothers,thusseriouslyaffectingtheatmosphereofthelectureorthemeeting.Second,itdoesmoreharmtoprimaryschoolstudentsandevenjuniormiddleschoolstudents.Manyofthemdonotknowhowdifficultitisfortheirparentstoearnmoney,theywastealotofmoneychattingwiththeirfriendsorgettingontheNetbymeansoftheircellphones.Worstofall,quiteanumberofadulttesteescheatontheirtestsbyusingtheircellphones.

Inmyview,itisunreasonableandimpossibletobantheuseofcellphonesamongyoungstudents.Whatreallycountsistousecellphonesontherightoccasions.SoIstronglysuggestforbiddingturningonthecellphoneinclass,ontestsoratmeetings.Anothersuggestionistoforbidprimaryschoolstudentsandjuniormiddlestudentstousecellphonesintheirschoolsonweekdays.Ofcoursetheycanusetheirsathomeorelsewhereonweekends.

5.單選題

Thetwofriendssatinacornerand（）awaytoeachotherabouttheweather.

問題1選項

A.talked

B.chatted

C.muttered

D.whispered

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。mutter咕噥，喃喃自語；whisper低聲說；chataway意為閑談，其他選項均不能和away搭配使用。

6.單選題

Georgewas（）frommilitaryservicewhilehewasstillinschool.

問題1選項

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.exempted

D.stopped

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prevented“阻止；避免”；B選項restrained“抑制；約束”；C選項exempted“免除；豁免”；D選項stopped“停止；終止”。句意：喬治還在學校的時候就被……服兵役。militaryservice“兵役”，服兵役是一項責任。exempt做形容詞有被免除責任和義務的意思，而且exemptsb.fromsth.為固定搭配，意為“免除某人某事”。因此C選項符合題意。

7.單選題

There（）milkleftintherefrigerator.

問題1選項

A.aren’tany

B.aren’tsome

C.isn’tany

D.isn'tsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。milk為不可數名詞，any用于否定句。故C項正確。句意：冰箱里沒有牛奶了。

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們將高舉和平、發展、合作、共贏的旗幟，維護國家主權、安全、發展利益。我們將加強與各主要大國協調合作，建設良性互動、合作共贏的大國關系。中國愿與國際社會一道，為人類和平與發展事業不懈努力！

【答案】Wewillholdhighthebannerofpeace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefitandsafeguardnationalsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests.Wewillstrengthencoordinationandcooperationwithmajorpowerstobuildamajorpowerrelationshipfeaturingbenigninteractionandwin-wincooperation.Chinaisreadytoworktirelesslywiththeinternationalcommunityforthecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind!

9.單選題

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問題1選項

A.Inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。inexhaustible“取之不盡的，用不完的”;exploited“被開發利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有爭議的”。句意:該區域熱帶植物的多樣性似乎是取之不盡用之不竭的原料來源，其中只有少數得到利用。選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

12.

問題1選項

A.Thewoman’sclassmate.

B.Thewoman’sboyfriend.

C.Thewoman’sbrother.

D.Thewoman’steacher.

【答案】B

【解析】M:IheardallthetimethatJohnisdatingseveralgirls.

W:Butit’snottrue,hehasexplainedeverythingtome.

M:Doyoureallybelievewhathesaid?

W:Yeah,Ibelieveinourfeelingsforeachother.

Q:WhoisJohn?

【解析】推斷題。根據對話推斷John是對話中女士的男友。

11.單選題

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.

Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevil-smellinggases,therestofwhichishydrogensulfide.Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofabadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

36.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.

37.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

38.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.

39.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.

40.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.

問題1選項

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

問題2選項

A.Toothtrouble

B.Sulfur-richfood

C.Toomuchexercise

D.Mentalstrain

問題3選項

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobaddeath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

問題4選項

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

問題5選項

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】36.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第一段中的emanatefrom最可能的意思是……”。定位到第一段第二句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.（在大多數情況下，令人不快的口氣emanatesfrom口腔中的細菌，盡管還有其他更令人驚訝的原因），根據后面的causes可知，offensivebreath和bacteriainthemouth之間應該是一個因果關系，是bacteria導致了offensivebreath，那么可以反推，offensivebreath是來源于bacteria，故C項“發源于”正確。A項“以……成長”、B項“解釋”和D項“由……傳下來的”都不符合。因此，該題選擇C項。

37.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干意思是“下列哪項被認為是造成口臭的原因之一？”。定位第一段第二句Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth（在大多數情況下，令人不快的口氣來自口腔中的細菌）可知，口臭來自于口腔中的細菌，而細菌通常容易造成牙齒問題，所以A項“牙齒問題”是口臭的一個原因。定位第二段第六句Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.（例如，當我們睡覺時，唾液流得很慢，產生硫的細菌占了上風，產生了所謂的“早晨口氣”）可知，含硫的細菌能夠導致口臭，所以B項“高硫的食物”是原因之一。定位第七句Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.（酒精、饑餓、說話太多、運動時用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的東西都會產生口臭）可知，C項“太多的運動”也符合原文。定位到第二段倒數第四句Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.（壓力也是如此，雖然不知道為什么），以及第五句Somepeople'sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.（有些人每次去面試時口氣都會變酸）可知，壓力也會造成口氣問題，而D項“精神緊張”并不是壓力問題，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇D項。

38.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據這篇文章，酒精與口臭有關的主要原因是……”。定位文章最后一句Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.（如果漱口水中含有酒精—大多數漱口水都含有酒精—會使口腔干燥，從而加劇這一問題）可知，含有酒精的漱口水會使口腔干燥，從而產生口臭，原因是唾液流動變得緩慢，那么推斷，酒精與口臭有關的主要原因是因為使得口腔唾液流動緩慢，所以D項“它影響唾液的正常流動”正確。A項“它可以阻止有害細菌的繁殖”是漱口水的作用，并不是酒精，屬于張冠李戴。B項“它的氣味增加了死亡的危險”和C項“它殺死一些有益的細菌”沒提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇D項。

39.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節題。題干意思是“漱口水不能有效治療口臭，主要是因為……”。定位到最后一段，Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.（一些漱口水聲稱能殺死導致口腔異味的細菌。問題是，它們不一定能觸及所有有害細菌。在厚厚的黏液層下，大多數細菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害。）可知，漱口水不能治療口臭是因為厚厚的黏液層覆蓋了有害細菌，所以漱口水不能觸及到所有的有害細菌，B項“它們不能接觸到所有有害的細菌”正確。A項“它們不能長時間掩蓋臭味”，這和治療口臭無關，屬于出處錯位。C項“它們強烈的氣味和口臭混合在一起，使情況更糟”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。D項“它們不能覆蓋厚厚的黏液層”屬于曲解原文，漱口水不能治療口臭的原因是厚厚的黏液層使得漱口水不能接觸到所有的有害細菌，并不是不能覆蓋厚厚的黏液層的原因。因此，該題選擇B項。

40.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從這篇文章我們可以推斷出……”。文章前兩段描述了引起口臭的多種原因，包括酒精、饑餓、說話太多、運動等使口腔干燥的因素，后兩段闡述了能夠增加唾液流動和掩蓋口臭的方法，綜合可以推斷，引起口臭的因素有很多，所以并不是很容易治好，A項“口臭不容易治好”正確。定位第二段倒數第二句Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebad-breathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.（隨著年齡的增長，唾液的流動會逐漸減慢，這也解釋了為什么老年人比年輕人更容易出現口臭問題），原文提到了老年人比年輕人更容易口臭的原因，但B項“老年人對口臭不太反感”并未提及，也無從推斷，屬于無中生有。原文提到了酒精會使口腔干燥，從而導致口臭，所以酗酒者更加受到口臭的影響，C項“酗酒者受口臭的影響較小”和D項“口臭受酒精的影響較小”都屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇A項。

12.單選題

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

問題1選項

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。acknowledge表示“承認，答謝”；afford表示“提供，供應得起”；allowfor“考慮到；顧及”；accountfor“對……負有責任”。句意：考慮到交通擁堵，我們到火車站可能需要20分鐘。

13.單選題

Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.

問題1選項

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.towards

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意：許多人反對在公共場所吸煙。

14.單選題

NewChinesefirstladyPengLiyuan’schoiceofattirehassparkedaflurryofexcitementoveranindependenthomegrownlabel,anunusualphenomenoninacountrywherepoliticalfiguresaremorefrumpythanfashionableandwivesusuallyshyawayfromthespotlight.

ImagesofPeng,50,steppingoffaplanearm-in-armwithherhusbandPresidentXiJinpinginMoscowonFridayhavecirculatedwidelyontheChineseInternet,promptingpraiseofherstyleasunderstatedandsophisticated.

Eagle-eyedfashion-savvybloggersidentifiedtheleatherhandbagshecarriedandsmart,double-breastedblacktrenchcoatsheworeasitemsdesignedbyGuangzhou-basedlabelException.ThebrandhasbeendescribedasoneofChina’sleadingindependentlabelswhosesimplebutuniquedesignsstandoutinanindustrydominatedbyWesterncopycats.

“Firstladiesareambassadorsofthecultureandthedesignandofthesoftpowerofacountry.I’mgladthatshechosetowearChineseandtakeupthatroleofspokespersonforChinesedesignhere,”saidHongHuang,publisherofthefashionmagazineLookandoneofthemostpopularmicrobloggersinChina.

HongsaiditwastooearlytotellifPeng’shigh-profilepublicappearancesignaledthatshewouldbeplayingamoresignificantroleinChinesepoliticsthanherpredecessors,who—unlikemanyoftheirWesterncounterparts—havebeenlargelyunseen.“It’sgoodthatfinallyChinahasaverypretty,verybeautifulfirstladyandshecanhopefullyspeakupforalotmoreandcomplementwhateverXiwantstosay,inway,likeallfirstladiesdo.”

Onlineretailershavesoughttoassociatetheirproductswithwhatnewsportals(門戶網站)aretermingthe“PengLiyuanstyle,”withsearchesforthosekeywordsresultinginlistsofhandbagsandtrenchcoats,manyofwhichdidnotevenresembletheitemsshewore.HeavyonlinetraffictoException’swebsitehascausedittocrashsinceFriday,withitloadingonlysporadicallyonMonday.

TheimpactPeng,acelebratedperformeronstatetelevision,ishavingonfashionbearssomesimilaritytotrendssparkedbyBritain’sduchessofCambridge,theformerKateMiddleton,whohelpedbringBrazilian-borndesignerIssatotheworld’sattentionbeforehermarriagetoPrinceWilliam.AmericanfirstladyMichelleObamahasalsolentcachettodesignerJasonWubywearingagownhecustom-madetolastmonth’sinauguration.

Exceptionwasfoundedinthemid-ninetiesbyacouplewhosharedaloveofdesignandtherockbandTheRamones,accordingtoHong.ChiefexecutiveMaoJihong,oneoftheco-founders,couldnotbereachedonhiscellphone.Thelabelhasexpandedtobecomeahigh-endbrandwithnearly100storesandretailcountersinChina.

DespiteException’spublicsilence,commentatorsinChina’sfashionworldarecelebratingtheattentiononthelabeland,moresignificantly,theriseoftheprofileofapopularfirstlady.

26.Accordingtopassage,whatdoestheword“attire”inPara.1probablymean?

27.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldthenewsmediaNOTusetodescribePengLiyuan?

28.WhatofthefollowingisimpliesinPara.6?

29.WhatdoException,IssaandJasonWuhaveincommonaccordingtoPara.7?

30.Whatwouldbeagoodtitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Clothes

B.Jewelries

C.Accessories

D.Handbags

問題2選項

A.Understated

B.Stunning

C.Elegant

D.Sophisticated

問題3選項

A.InterestinPeng’sattirehasexploded.

B.OnlineshoppinghasdeclinedduetoPeng’simpact.

C.Theportalshavenotyettermedthe“style”.

D.FascinationwithPeng’sattireisshownonlyonline.

問題4選項

A.Theyarealldesignatedroyaldesigners.

B.Theyallspecializeincustom-madeclothinginEurope.

C.Theyhavebeenbroughttofamebytheirprominentcustomers.

D.Theysharealotofsimilaritiesintheirideasandunderstandingoffashion.

問題5選項

A.AnewFirstLady,aBoomingBrand

B.Exception,anExceptionalExperience

C.FromRagstoRiches,Exception

D.FashionOutshinestheFirstLady

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.詞義推測題。A選項“衣服；服飾”，B選項“珠寶；首飾”，C選項“配件；附件”；D選項“手提包；手袋”。定位在第一段的關鍵詞frumpy“衣著過時的”可知第一段主要談論的是服裝。故選A。

27.推理判斷題。A選項“低調的；樸素的”，B選項“極其美麗的”，C選項“優雅的”，D選項“精致的”。定位到第二段promptingpraiseofherstyleasunderstatedandsophisticated.（獲得了一片贊賞，稱其風格既低調又精致。）C選項Elegant“優雅的”與精致的意思接近，故可排除C選項。故選B。

28.推理判斷題。定位到第六段Onlineretailershavesoughttoassociatetheirproductswithwhatnewsportalsaretermingthe“PengLiyuanstyle,”（新聞門戶網站稱其為“彭麗媛風格”，網上零售商也試圖將自己的產品與這種風格聯系起來。）和HeavyonlinetraffictoException’swebsitehascausedittocrashsinceFriday,withitloadingonlysporadicallyonMonday.（Exception網站的大量在線流量導致其自上周五以來崩潰，周一才偶爾加載出來。）由此可知人們對彭麗媛的衣著風格十分感興趣，并且帶動了網上購物。因此A選項“人們對彭麗媛著裝的興趣激增”正確，符合題意。同理可排除B選項“由于彭麗媛的影響，網上購物有所下降”。C選項“門戶還沒有命名為樣式”錯誤，由第一句可知門戶將其命名為“彭麗媛風格”，可排除。D選項“人們對彭麗媛著裝的癡迷只在網上體現出來”，說法過于絕對，可排除。故選A。

29.推理判斷題。定位在第七段theformerKateMiddleton,whohelpedbringBrazilian-borndesignerIssatotheworld’sattentionbeforehermarriagetoPrinceWilliam.（前王妃凱特?米德爾頓在嫁給威廉王子之前，曾幫助巴西出生的設計師伊薩吸引了全世界的目光。）和AmericanfirstladyMichelleObamahasalsolentcachettodesignerJasonWubywearingagownhecustom-madetolastmonth’sinauguration.（美國第一夫人米歇爾?奧巴馬也給設計師吳季剛增添了聲望，她在上個月的就職典禮上穿了一件吳季剛定制的禮服。）由此可以推理出兩位設計師都因為給杰出的人物做過服裝而變得更有名氣。因此C選項“他們都是通過其名人顧客而獲得聲望”符合題意，正確。A選項“他們都是指定的皇家設計師”，B選項“他們都在歐洲專門做服裝定做”，D選項“他們在對時尚的理解和想法上有很多相似之處”，均不符合題意。故選C。

30.主旨大意題。本文是美聯社2013年的一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了中國第一夫人彭麗媛選擇了中國本土服裝品牌的著裝，從而推動了該品牌的知名度。A選項“一位新第一夫人，一個蓬勃發展的品牌”符合題意，正確。B選項“例外，非凡的經歷”，C選項“從窮到富，例外”，D選項“時尚勝過第一夫人”，均不符合題意，故選A。

15.單選題

Fromtheearliestdecadesofcolonizationtothe20thcentury,Americanshavecelebratedandlargelytakenforgrantedtheseeminglyendlessbountyoftheirland.Notuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturydidasignificantconservation