書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-廈門安防科技職業學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

問題1選項

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問題2選項

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

問題3選項

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題4選項

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。根據題干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心靈的窗戶”是有爭議的;它們在人際交往中非常重要，這是一個事實。A選項“在表達感情和交換思想方面是極為重要的”，B選項“可以看到一個人內心世界的東西”，C選項“在使談話變得有趣方面具有相當重要的意義”，D選項“它的價值在很大程度上是一個長期爭論的問題”。因此，A選項符合題意。

2.細節事實題。根據題干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一張有眼睛的真實的人臉可能不會讓人發笑，而只看到一只眼睛的側面也不會讓人發笑。A選項“正面被完全感知”，B選項“臉上戴著面具”，C選項“從側面看臉”，D選項“臉部沒有任何遮蓋物”。因此，C選項符合題意。

3.細節事實題。根據題干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果對方沒看，說話者就會認為對方不感興趣，就會停下來等對方繼續看他，或者終止談話。A選項“一個人暫時把目光從另一個人身上移開”，B選項“眼神交流超過一秒”，C選項“不合時宜地停止眼神接觸”，D選項“不斷調整眼神接觸”。因此，C選項符合題意。

4.細節事實題。根據題干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”當兩個說話的人都戴著墨鏡時，就會清楚地看到這種眼動對保持談話順暢有多么重要:談話中可能會出現由于打斷、錯誤的開始和不可預知的停頓而造成的語塞，A選項“不要戴黑眼鏡”，B選項“不要打岔”，C選項“不要把目光從對方身上移開”，D選項“不要出人意料地停頓”。因此，C選項符合題意。

2.單選題

WouldyoumindifI___youafewquestions?

問題1選項

A.amasking

B.willask

C.asked

D.shouldask

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：你介意我問你幾個問題嗎？根據句意可知是提出現在的條件，則主句：主語＋would/should/might/could＋動詞原形，從句：動詞過去式。C選項正確。

3.單選題

Therewasonlyasmall（）inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.

問題1選項

A.intimacy

B.immortality

C.increment

D.incidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項intimacy表示“性關系，親密；親昵行為”；B選項immortality表示“不朽，不滅”；C選項increment表示“增量，增加，盈余”；D選項incidence表示“發生率，影響，后果”。由句意“在過去十年里，這個城市的人口只有少量”可知，只有C項最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

4.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby______.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat______.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare______.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys______.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackingrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkey’snature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問題3選項

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearchers’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

問題4選項

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

問題5選項

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“開篇作者是通過什么方法切入主題？”。首段舉出人們對加薪不等的事情會氣憤，說這種行為是“人類化的”(alltoohuman)，但現在有研究表明這種行為也是“猴子化的”(alltoomonkey)行為。這里對這種行為的兩種可能的屬性進行類比以引出全文的主題；B項“證實一種假設”，原文提出的假定原本是人與猴不一樣，所以該項錯誤；D項“解釋一種現象”，這個說法不能夠將開頭和主題的內在聯系結合起來。另外根據第二段第二行liketheirfemalehumancounterparts（就像女性人類一樣）可知，這是比較的相同點；A項“指出對比”和C項“做出對照”看起來都是對的，但是A項里面的contrast是指不同處的比較，comparison是指相同處的比較，因此該題C選項正確。

2.【試題解析】細節推理題。題干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子itisalltoomoney暗示什么？”。先找到alltoohuman的是什么行為，根據第二句Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.（然而，如果你得知一位同事的工資比你高，你自己的快樂就會消失）和第三句Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.（事實上，如果他以懶散著稱，你甚至可能會感到憤怒）可以推斷出，人類對不公平的待遇會憤怒；最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有這種行為，稱為alltoomonkey；因此alltoomonkey暗示對不公平的憎恨猴子也會。A項“猴子也會被懶散的競爭對手激怒”，文中只是提到人會被懶散的競爭對手激怒，沒有說動物也會被懶散的競爭對手激怒，所以不選；C項“猴子和人一樣，也會彼此嫉妒”是干擾項，文中的主題是告訴大家猴子和人一樣對不公平也會憤怒；D項“除了猴子沒有動物能夠培養出這樣的感情”，文中沒有提到其他動物，所以不選。因此該題只有B選項正確。

3.【試題解析】細節推理題。題干意思是“選擇雌性卷尾猴作為研究對象，很可能是因為它們確實是……？”。第二段最后一句提到liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.（和人類女性一樣，它們往往比男性更關注“商品和服務”的價值），可知雌性猴子比雄性猴子更會權衡。B項“注意研究員的指示”，沒提到，所以不選；C項“漂亮且性情溫和”，第二段確實提到了雌性猴子可愛且性情溫和，但是這不是它們會被作為研究對象的原因，是因為它們和人類女性一樣對價值的權衡才是研究的原因；D項“比雄性伙伴更大方”也未提及。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題解析】細節事實題。題干意思是“Brosnan博士和deWaal博士最終在他們的研究中發現，猴子……”。最后一段第三句Suchcooperationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.（只有當每只動物都覺得沒有被欺騙時，這種合作才有可能穩定下來）可知，如果感覺受到欺騙，猴子之間的合作就被打破了。A項“相比黃瓜更喜歡葡萄”和B項“被教會交換東西”都是實驗中采取的一些行動，不是研究發現的結果，所以不選；D項“當被分開時會不高興”，這個選項是斷章取義，因此錯誤。所以，本題正確答案是C選項。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從最后一段我們可以推斷出什么？”。A選項“猴子可以通過訓練來發展社交情緒”，看最后一段第一句Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions（研究認為，卷尾猴和人類一樣，也會受到社會情緒的引導）可知，社會情緒是受引導而不是訓練，A項不選；C項“動物通常像人一樣公開表達自己的感情”，看最后一段第三行Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.（義憤填膺的情緒，似乎并不是人類獨有的），這里文中描述的是憤怒的情緒，開頭也是以不公平待遇的憤怒開篇，C選項有點過度解讀，所以不選；D項“猴子之間的合作只有在野外才能保持穩定”，文中是說不受到欺騙才會穩定，D項錯誤；B項“人類的憤慨起源于一個不確定的來源”，根據最后一句whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshas35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.（這種公平感是在卷尾猴和人類身上獨立進化而來的，還是來自于3500萬年前該物種的共同祖先，至今仍是一個未解之謎），可知人類的這種憤慨起源于不確定的因素，因此B項正確。

5.單選題

Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.Whentheattractionisgreat,thetideishigh;andconverselywhentheattractionisminimal,thetideislow.Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.

Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughit’smassissomuchgreater.Whenthemoonandthesunarehorizontal,thehighesthightideoccursandwhentheyareverticalthelowestlowtidetakesplace.

Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.Thusthesefactorsaffecteachother,eitherdistractingoraddingtotheattractiveforcestoaddorsubtractfromtheheightofthetide.Butthetidesstillmoveinexorablyon,risingtwiceaday,gettinglittlelatereachdayandposingaproblemofcorrectlypredictingtheirheightsandlows.

46.Theprincipalideasofthearticleconcerns（）.

47.WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedasaffectingthetide?

48.Itcanbeconcludedfromthearticlethattheattractionofthesunis（）.

49.Ifthefirsthightidetakesplaceat1:00a.m.thenexthightidewillprobablytakeplaceat（）.

50.Accordingtothearticle,itisclearthattheroleofthemoon（）.

問題1選項

A.theattractionofthesunandthemoon

B.tidalwaves

C.thesun,themoonandthewind

D.featureswhichaffectthetide

問題2選項

A.Thesun

B.Themoon

C.Thewinds

D.Thedepthoftheocean

問題3選項

A.lessthanhalfthatofthemoon

B.morethanhalfthatofthemoon

C.morethanthatofthemoon

D.lessthantwicethatofthemoon

問題4選項

A.7:20a.m.

B.8:00a.m.

C.1:45p.m.

D.highnoon

問題5選項

A.isnotasimportantasthatofthewind

B.islessthanthatofthesun

C.causesthealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseas

D.haslittleinfluenceonthetide

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】46.主旨大意題。根據本文的第一句Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.（潮汐運動是一個非常復雜的現象，涉及了很多必須考慮的因素，來預測在任何地方和任何時間發生的潮汐運動。）接著詳細介紹了產生潮汐的主要因素。A選項“太陽和月亮的引力”；B選項“潮汐波”；C選項“太陽、月亮、風”，ABC選項只是文中講到的一些片面信息，不能作為整體概述。D選項“引起潮汐的特征”正確，本文主要列舉了引起潮汐的一些因素。故選D。

47.客觀細節題。影響潮汐的因素可以看到第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide.（太陽也會對潮汐有影響。）第三段第一句Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.（風也在影響潮汐正常上升和下降的過程中起著重要的作用。）唯獨D選項“海洋的深度”并未有提及，故選D。

48.推理判斷題。定位在第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughitsmassissomuchgreater.（太陽對潮汐也發揮了作用，雖然它的體積狠大，但是，它的作用還不及月亮作用的一半。）由此可知，太陽對潮汐的影響比月亮的少了一半。由此可知A選項“不及月球的一半”正確。即可排除B選項“超過月亮的一半”和C選項“比月球還要多”，D選項“比月球的影響少兩倍”錯誤。故選A。

49.推理判斷題。定位在第一段的最后一句Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.（高潮和低潮之間的時間差超過六小時，上升時被稱之為漲潮，下降時被稱之為退潮。）題目中第一次的高潮發生在上午1點，那么接下來會有超過6個小時的低潮期，下次高潮的時間就還需要再加上6個小時。由此推理，時間要超過12個小時。同理可排除ABD選項。故選C。

50.客觀細節題。定位在第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）A選項“不像風那么重要”，B選項“比太陽的影響小”，D選項“對潮汐的影響很小”均表述有誤。選項C“導致海平面交替上升和下降”正確。故選C。

6.單選題

Theessentialproblemofmaninacomputerizedageremainsthesameasithasalwaysbeen.Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare,toidentifytheirrealproblems,torespondmorefullytobeauty,toplaceadequatevalueonlife,andtomaketheirworldsaferthanitnowis.

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.Buttheycan'teliminatethefoolishnessanddecaythatcomefromtheunexaminedlife.Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto——therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.

Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues,andintelligencewithinsight.Unobstructedaccesstofactscanproduceunlimitedgoodonlyifitismatchedbythedesireandabilitytofindoutwhattheymeanandwheretheywouldlead.

Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended.Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.Itrequiresaveryunusualmind,Whiteheadsaid,toundertaketheanalysisofafact.Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.

Totheextent,then,thatmanfailstomakethedistinctionbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhumandecisionandconscience,thecomputercouldproveadigression.Itcouldobscureman'sawarenessoftheneedtocometotermswithhimself.Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers."Ifwebeginwithcertainties,"Baconsaid,weshallendindoubts,butifwebeginwithdoubts,andwearepatientwiththem,weshallendincertainties.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheauthorwouldbelesscriticalofthecomputerif（

）.

2.Inacomputerizedage,whichoneofthefollowingshouldbegivenpriorityto?

3.Bysayingthat"Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended"(Paragraph4),theauthoraimsto

（

）.

4.Theauthorregardscomputeras（

）.

問題1選項

A.itcanbetterimprovehumanproficiency

B.itcanbreaktheboundaryofthepracticalandtheoreticalintelligence

C.itcanbemorecreative

D.itcanmakepeoplemorealerttorealproblemsinhumansociety

問題2選項

A.Wisdom.

B.Intelligence.

C.Data.

D.Fact.

問題3選項

A.pointoutthattheabundanceoffactsmaybeharmfultohumanintellect

B.illustratethenecessityofalwaysattendingtofacts

C.showtheimportanceofusingpeople'sjudgmentinthecomputerizedage

D.tellthatfactsarealwaysirrelevantandneedtobeconnected

問題4選項

A.asubstituteforhumanintelligence

B.ameanstohelppeoplereachconcreteanswers

C.somethingthatcaninspirepeopletoaskfundamentalquestions

D.somethingthatisofsubsidiaryfunction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段中“Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.問題不只是如何更有效率、更舒適、更滿足，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有活力?！币约暗诙沃小癗ordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto—therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.它們也不能將一個人與之必須要聯系的事情聯系起來——即一些現實問題，比如他人痛苦；自身創造性成長的可能性；種族的記憶；以及下一代的權利?？芍髡咛岢隽擞嬎銠C目前不能解決人類生活中的現實問題。故D項“如果計算機能夠更敏感地捕捉人類社會存在的真實問題，那么作者會少些批判”正確。由“Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.計算機使人類熟練程度的顯著飛躍成為可能；它打破了實踐智能甚至理論智能的藩籬?！笨芍狝B兩項內容，計算機已經可以做到了。C項在文中未提及。答案D

第2題:細節事實題。由第三段中“Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom在計算機時代，這些問題之所以重要，是因為可能有一種將數據誤認為是智慧的傾向”可反推在計算機時代，最重要的不是數據，而是智慧。故A項正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由第四段中“Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.它們太容易被認為是經過評估的事實，而不是迫切需要加工成具有邏輯的最原始的材料。”以及“Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.計算機可以提供一個正確的數字，但在做出判斷之前，它可能是一個不相關的數字。”可知電腦的數據不一定正確，需要人們去判斷。答案C

第4題:推理判斷題。由第二段中“Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.電腦能減少重要研究中的許多死胡同?！笨芍嬎銠C只是起到輔助作用。由最后一段“Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.這可能會造成一種錯覺，讓人們覺得他問的是基本問題，而實際上他問的只是功能性問題。讓人們覺得它可以被看作是智力的替代品，而不是智力的延伸。它可能會使人們對具體的答案產生過分的信心。可知ABC三項不正確。答案D

7.不定項選擇題

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大腦皮層）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.theinterioroftheskull

B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions

C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex

D.thenervecellsdenselypacked

問題2選項

A.nervecells

B.theskull

C.thehemispheres

D.thecerebralcortex

問題3選項

A.achair

B.partofthebody

C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon

D.cortex

問題4選項

A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli

B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined

C.horizontallinesarestimulated

D.verticallinesarestimulated

問題5選項

A.TheCerebralCortex

B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons

C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain

D.TheCerebralHemispheres

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細節題。題干：大腦組織的特點是……。A選項“頭骨的內部”；B選項“不同的區域負責不同的功能”；C選項“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”；D選項“神經細胞密集排列”。第一段第一句話Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.（大腦被組織成不同的區域，每個區域負責不同的功能，在人類中這個組織非常明顯），因此答案選B。

第2題:事實細節題。題干：根據這篇文章，狗被除去（）仍然可以移動，吃飯和睡覺，甚至吠喊。A選項“神經細胞”；B選項“頭骨”；C選項“半腦”；D選項“大腦皮層”。根據題干定位到第八九句話Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（實際上，它失去了我們通常所說的智力的特征——意識、興趣、與環境的互動，以及適應和學習的能力。因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）從這里可以看出答案選D。

第3題:詞義推測題。A選項“椅子”；B選項“身體的一部分”，C選項“某物所在的地方或某物被進行的地方”；D選項“皮質”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（因此，大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）這里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”，而是引申義“智力所在之地”，所以答案選C。

第4題:事實細節題。題干：皮質層的視覺部分尤其有趣因為……。A選項“特定的神經元層對特定的輸入刺激方向敏感”；B選項“大部分結構是由基因決定的”；C選項“水平線受到刺激”；D選項“垂直線受到刺激”。根據題干定位到倒數第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones（大腦皮層的視覺部分尤其有趣。在視覺皮層中，對細胞的電刺激可以產生光的感覺，詳細分析表明，特定的神經元層對特定的輸入刺激方向敏感，因此，一層對水平線反應最大，而另一層對垂直線反應最大）所以排除C、D選項，答案選A，選項B沒有提及。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項“大腦皮層”；B選項“神經元的特殊層”；C選項“大腦的結構”；D選項“大腦半球”。原文最開始引出了大腦皮層這一話題，通過舉了狗和視覺皮層中的例子來表明大腦皮層的作用，提出“大腦皮層似乎是大腦高階功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。大腦皮層多年來一直是研究人員研究的主題”這一概念，因此A選項正確。B，C，D選項都是文章中的片面的內容，文章沒有花費大量筆墨描寫“神經元的特殊層”；“大腦的結構”；D“大腦半球”，屬于以偏概全。

8.單選題

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethe