書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theschoolshootingtriggeredabarrageoftransparentlyirrelevantproposedsolutions,tossedoutwithoutregardtotheirrelevancetotheeventsthatsupposedly______theproposals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.occasioned

B.concerned

C.illuminated

D.ensued

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。occasion“引起，惹起”；concern“涉及；使擔(dān)心”；illuminate“闡明；照亮”；ensue“追求”。句意：學(xué)校槍擊事件引發(fā)了一連串明顯不相干的解決方案，而這些方案與引發(fā)這些方案的事件毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Byafternoon,itwasimpossibleto（）theheat,sowestoppedworkingandwent

inside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mask

B.endure

C.defeat

D.shelter

【答案】B

【解析】句意:到下午了，我們不可能忍受炎熱，因此，我們要停止工作，回到室內(nèi)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。mask掩藏；endure忍耐，容忍；defeat戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗；shelter保護(hù)，庇護(hù)。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)theheat熱度可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare（）throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】commonplace陳腐的,平凡的;standardized標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的;competitive有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的;generalized廣泛的,普遍的。句意：即使是通過(guò)學(xué)校的系統(tǒng)把教科書(shū)規(guī)范化,教學(xué)的方法也會(huì)有很大的不同。

4.單選題

Heisamanyoucanrelyon.Henevergoesbackonhis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.word

B.words

C.permission

D.saying

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他是一個(gè)值得信賴的人。他從不食言。

考查固定搭配。gobackonone’swords食言。

5.單選題

Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.treatment

B.board

C.applause

D.comment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)treatment“治療，療法，處理，對(duì)待”；B選項(xiàng)board“董事會(huì)，木板，甲板，膳食”；C選項(xiàng)applause“歡呼，喝彩，鼓掌歡迎，掌聲”；D選項(xiàng)comment“評(píng)論，意見(jiàn)，批評(píng)，描述”。begiventheabsenttreatment指被冷落。句意：這部影片受到了觀眾冷落。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theresultmeansthatthe______worldchampionhasextendedhisleadinthisseason’schampionship.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tramping

B.loitering

C.reigning

D.strolling

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)tramping為動(dòng)詞tramp的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“踩，步行”，B項(xiàng)loitering為動(dòng)詞loiter的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“閑蕩，虛度，盤旋”，C項(xiàng)reigning為形容詞，表示“統(tǒng)治的，在位的，本屆的”，D項(xiàng)strolling為形容詞，表示“巡回演出的，消閑散步的”。空格處缺少一個(gè)定語(yǔ)修飾worldchampion“世界冠軍”，由此可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這一結(jié)果意味著這位衛(wèi)冕世界冠軍在本賽季的錦標(biāo)賽中擴(kuò)大了領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ithasoftenbeenmyfate—perhapstheexpatriate'sfateingeneral,perhapsmerelytheself-hater’s—tobeagainstthings.AsanAmerican,Ihavefrequentlyseemedanti-American;asaneducatedperson,I'moftenanti-intellectual.WhenItaughtatHarvard,Iwasanti-Harvard.Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife.

Thesedaysmorethanever,Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdain,towardtheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican.”Indeed,hereinEurope,manycitizenstrembleattheverythought.Why?Aside,ofcourse,fromthefacileandone-dimensionalexplanationofjealousy,isn'ttherestofthefreeandnot-so-freeworldburstingattheseamstobelikethecitizensofthecountrythatbroughtuslife,libertyand—thatanthemofthemodemage—thepursuit

ofhappiness?

Onereason,itoccurstome,issimpleandyetprofound;Americalackscharm.Mysister-in-law,asingleFrenchwelfaremotherwholivesinabeautifulprovincialvillagewithfourboysbetween4and18,allathome,seemstome,despiteherdifficulties,tohavemorecharminherlife—theweeklytripstothemarket,theoccasionalglassofredwine,thetiltedroofsandstonewallsofthevillageitself—thanmanyamillionaireinmygreathomestateofTexas.(Howhorrible!ThePuritanmindclaims,awelfaremotherwithaglassofwine!InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine.)Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall".

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,whatkindofpersoncanweassumetheauthoris?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,howaretheattitudeschangingtowardsAmerica?

4.Whichofthefollowingopinionscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.WhatdoestheauthorfindmostcharmingintheFrenchvillage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheCharmingandSuspiciousEuropeans

B.ACharmingFrenchWelfareMother

C.TheCharmingLifeinaFrenchVillage

D.AmericaLosestheCharmWar

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Jealous

B.Profound

C.Non-conformist

D.Traditional

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Europeanshavealwaysseemedanti-American.

B.EuropeansarelessagreeabletotheUnitedStates.

C.EuropeansincreasinglytrytoemulateAmericanideas.

D.Europeanshavetheirownstyle,sonothinghaschanged.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldneverdrinkredwine.

B.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldoccasionallydrinkredwine.

C.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"havetherighttodrinkredwine.

D.Theauthorthinksonlyrichmothershavetherighttodrinkredwine.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Simplethingsbutnotextravagant.

B.Thepursuitofhappiness.

C.Thebeautifulvillagescenery.

D.Thevillagers',senseofbelonging.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章反映出美國(guó)現(xiàn)在面臨的問(wèn)題并且在討論美國(guó)現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越失去它的影響力和吸引力,因此D最適合作文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段最后一句指出:Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife(所有這些都使我更像歐洲人，因?yàn)閺谋举|(zhì)上講，歐洲人對(duì)每一種形式的歸屬都持懷疑態(tài)度，也支持非墨守成規(guī)的生活)。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段開(kāi)頭指出:Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdaintowardstheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican(歐洲人似乎對(duì)美國(guó)保持著一種如果不能說(shuō)是不屑的那就是非常懷疑的態(tài)度，正如前俄羅斯總統(tǒng)MikhailGorbachev最近在《華盛頓郵報(bào)》中指出的‘世界并不想成為美國(guó)人”),因此歐洲人現(xiàn)在對(duì)美國(guó)持有的是懷疑的態(tài)度,故選B。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞welfaremothers定位至最后一段:InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine(然而，在法國(guó)就算是接受福利救濟(jì)的母親也有資格偶爾喝點(diǎn)紅酒)。故選C“作者認(rèn)為接受福利救濟(jì)的母親是有權(quán)利喝紅酒的”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一句指出:Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall(和很多的百萬(wàn)富翁不同，我那貧窮的嫂子懂得莫泊桑作品中的一句話:簡(jiǎn)單才是最大的魅力)。由此可知作者認(rèn)為法國(guó)的村莊最有魅力的地方就是簡(jiǎn)單而不奢華。

8.單選題

Inspiteofyourlivingsofarawaywebothhopeverymuch（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourcoming

B.youtocome

C.thatyoucame

D.thatyoucome

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。hope后面一般不接賓語(yǔ)sb.，而是直接接todosth.或that從句，由此可首先排除選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B；再根據(jù)句意“盡管你住得很遠(yuǎn)，但我們都希望你能來(lái)”。這里使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)即可，不用過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

InItaly,itisgoodmannersforaman[A]togreetanothermanwithanembraceandakiss[B]oneverycheek.[C]NotsoinSouthTexas,wheremenstand3feetapartand[D]at90degreeanglestoconversewithoneanother.Allcultureshaverulesandifyouviolatethem,youwillbeexcluded.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greetanotherman

B.oneverycheek

C.NotsoinSouthTexas

D.at90degreeangles

【答案】B

【解析】考查代詞用法。B選項(xiàng)中的every指三個(gè)或以上的人或事物的全體，而一個(gè)人的臉頰只有兩邊，應(yīng)將every改為each。

10.單選題

WhenRobertShiller,aYaleeconomistandbestsellingauthor,toldacrowdoffinanceprofessorsandeconomicsstudentslastspringthatonly10percentofhismoneywasinvestedinstocks,theygasped.

Managersmightsuggestanywherefrom50to90percent.But10percent?Thiswasheresy.

Howabout0percent?

That’sthesharethatinvestorsshouldplowintodomesticstocks,accordingtoBenInker,directorofassetallocationforGrantham,Mayo,andVanOtterloo&,Co.(GMO),amoney-managementfirmwithsome$85billioninassets.

Welcometoacontrarianviewoftoday'sequitymarkets.Asmallbutvocalbandofhereticsiscallingintoquestionnotonlytheprofitpotentialofstocksbutalsothefoundationforconventionalwisdomaboutinvesting.Evenforthosewhodisagreewiththem,theirargumentsserveasarealitycheckforthemarket.

Areconventionalportfoliosreallyassafeasexpertssay?

“Don’tbesurprisedthattheWallStreetbrokeragefirmsspendmostoftheirtimetellingyouthatstocksarecheap,”warnsMr.Inker.“WallStreetlikesthemarket.Itlikestrading.WallStreetmakesalotmoremoneyoffoftradingstocksthantradingbonds.”

Thetrickistodetermineyourportfolio’sexposuretorisk,analystssay.Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegreeonhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou’repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modemportfoliotheory,”whichcameintobeinginthe1950sandeventuallywonitscreator,HarryMarkowitz,aNobelPrize

Essentially,portfoliotheoryholdsthatinvestorsreapthegreatestreturnwiththeleastriskwhentheyallocatetheirmoneyamongdiverseclassesofassets,holdthemforthelongterm,andrebalancetheportfoliowhenthevariousclassesofassetsstraytoofarfromtheiroriginalallocation.

Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon'tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon.Amiscalculationinevenoneofthesesteps,however,canseriouslyhurltheprospectsforreachingyourultimategoal.

“Thelong-termnatureisthedrivingforceoftheportfolio,”saysJerryKorabilk,vicepresidentofIbbotsonAssociates,aChicago-basedassetallocationadviser.“Allofourclientsareinstitutions,andwedevelopportfolioswith10-,20-,even30-yeartimehorizons.”

Ridingtherollercoaster

Thus,investorsshouldnevertrytogetinandoutofthemarketatspecifictimes,thetheoryholds.Instead,theyshouldridetheinevitableebbandflowofprices.Iftheyhaveallocatedtheirmoneycorrectly,someportionoftheirportfoliowillalmostalwaysbemakingmoney.Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodically——sellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers—theyarecontinuallybuyinglowandsellinghigh,atleastinarelativesense.

Thisbuy-and-holdstrategyhaswonoverhordesofinvestors.TheaverageFidelityretirementaccounthasnearly60percentofitsmoneyinstocks,arecentstudyfound.Theoverallaverageforretirementaccounts:61percent,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute.Evenequityallocationsforcollegeanduniversityendowmentshoveraround57.1percent,saystheNationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.

Theproblemisthatinvestorssometimeshavetobeextraordinarilypatientforthestrategytopayoff.In1981,forexample,theS&P500indexstoodatthesamelevelitfirstachievedin1965.Todaytheindexisabout30percentlowerthanitspeakin2000.Doinvestorsreallyhavetoputupwithsuchlongperiodsoflosses?

Profitsofimpatience

No,sayasmallcontingentofmoneymanagers.Byavoidingthestockmarketastheirprimaryengineforprofitduringthepastfiveyears,severalofthesemanagershavepostedgoodreturns.

TakethePermanentPortfolioFund.Unlikemanybalancedfunds,whichdiversifyprimarilybetweenstocksandbonds.Itencompassesamuchwidervarietyofassets:20percentgoldbullionandcoins,5percentsilverbullionandcoins,10percentSwissfrancdenominatedassets(typicallySwissgovernmentbonds),15percentUSandforeignrealestateandnatural-resourcecompanystocks,15percentaggressive-growthstocks,and35percentindollarassets(Treasurysecuritiesinvaryingmaturitiesandalsoshort-term,high-gradebonds).

Overthepastfiveyears,whiletheS&P500hasslippedbackward,thePermanentPortfolioFundhasaveragedastartling10.1percentgrowthperyear.

“Wedon’tcorrelatetoanyindexbecauseweowndifferentassets,”saysthefund'smanager,MichaelGuggino.“Inmarketswherestocksandequitiesaregoingsidewaysordown,weperformverywellbecauseourdiversificationismuchbroader.Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe90s,clearlywearegoingtounderperformbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”

Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.

1.Accordingto“modemportfoliotheory,”weshould（）.

2.Inthelastparagraph,“Thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsof1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.”Weseefromthissentencethat（

）.

3.Whatattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsconventionalportfolios?

4.Inthelast2ndparagraph,“Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe1990s,clearlywearegoingtounder-performbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”Weknowfromthissentenceallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.buyonesinglykindofstocks

B.neversellourstocks

C.sellstockswhosepricesgorelativelytoohighinourportfolio

D.buystockswhosepricesfluctuatesatthesamepace

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thefund'sprofitswerenotgoodenough

B.thefund'sperformanceduringthe1990sisverypoor

C.thefundlostmoneyduringthe1990s

D.thefunddidexceedinglywellduringthe1990s

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Skeptical

B.Scathing

C.Detached

D.Boastful

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.the1990ssawaboomingstockmarket

B.“we”underperformedduringthe1990s

C.“we”willchangeourcourseofaction

D.“we”arenottotallyinstocks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)組合理論，我們應(yīng)該……”。文章第八段提到“這在很大程度上取決于資產(chǎn)的分散性和你打算持有多久。這些是現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)組合理論的關(guān)鍵部分”（Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegree——onhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou'repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modernportfoliotheory”…），可知強(qiáng)調(diào)的是多樣性，而不是“單個(gè)”，因此選項(xiàng)A可以排除；文章第十段提到“為了讓它（投資組合）起作用，你需要擁有不同類型且不同步變化的資產(chǎn)，并且你還需要對(duì)資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行預(yù)估”（Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon’tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon），因此選項(xiàng)D中的atthesamepace錯(cuò)誤，可以排除；文章第九段rebalancetheportfolio,第十二段提到“平衡投資組合包括出售一些盈利的資產(chǎn)，買入更多虧損的資產(chǎn)類別”（Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodicallysellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers），因此選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“我們從最后一段的這句話中了解到了什么？”文章最后一句提到“實(shí)際上，在上世紀(jì)90年代的繁榮時(shí)期，該基金表現(xiàn)明顯滯后，導(dǎo)致這十年的平均年回報(bào)率落后于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)”（Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints），由此可以推斷在90年代股市暴漲在基金中不明顯，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問(wèn)的是“對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)資產(chǎn)組合，作者是何種態(tài)度？”文章第六段提問(wèn)道“傳統(tǒng)的資產(chǎn)組合真的像專家們所說(shuō)的那樣安全嗎？”下文對(duì)此進(jìn)行解答，因此選項(xiàng)C“客觀的”符合題意。skeptical“懷疑的”；scathing“嚴(yán)厲的”；boastful“自夸的，自負(fù)的”。

4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“我們從倒數(shù)第二段的這句話中了解到以下信息，除了……”該句出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話，意思是“如果股票像90年代那樣行情火爆，那么很明顯，我們的運(yùn)作將會(huì)差于一般市場(chǎng)價(jià)格，因?yàn)槲覀儾粫?huì)完全投資于股市”，“90年代股票市場(chǎng)繁榮”“‘我們’在90年代運(yùn)作不佳”“‘我們’沒(méi)有完全投資于股市”均在句子中體現(xiàn)了，只有C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，因此該選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirthanddeathaspartoflife.ThisisperhapsthefirstgenerationofAmericanyoungsterswhohaveneverbeenclosebyduringthebirthofababyandhaveneverexperiencedthedeathofafamilymember.

Nowadayswhenpeoplegrowold,weoftensendthemtonursinghomes.Whentheygetsickwetransferthemtoahospital,wherechildrenareforbiddentovisitterminallyillpatientsevenwhenthosepatientsaretheirparents.Thisdeprivesthedyingpatientofsignificantfamilymembersduringthelastfewdaysofhislifeanditdeprivesthechildrenofanexperienceofdeath,whichisanimportantlearningexperience.

SomeofmycolleaguesandIonceinterviewedandfollowedapproximately500terminallyillpatientsinordertofindoutwhattheycouldteachusandhowwecouldbeofmorebenefit,notjusttothembuttothemembersoftheirfamiliesaswell.Weweremostimpressedbythefactthateventhosepatientswhowerenottoldoftheirseriousillnesswerequiteawareofitspotentialoutcome.

Itisimportantforfamilymembers,anddoctorsandnursestounderstandthesepatients’communicationsinordertotrulyunderstandtheirneeds,fears,andfantasies.Mostofourpatientswelcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabouttheirtrouble.Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekeptup-to-dateontheirmedicalconditionandtobetoldwhentheendwasnear.Wefoundoutthatpatientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachofdeathandfinallytoreachatruestageofacceptancepriortodeath.

1.TheeldersofcontemporaryAmericans（）.

2.ChildreninAmericatodayaredeniedthechance（）.

3.Fivehundredcriticallyillpatientswereinvestigatedwiththemainpurposeof（）.

4.Theneedofadyingpatientforcompanyshows（）.

5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wereoftenabsentwhenafamilymemberwasbornordying

B.werequiteunfamiliarwithbirthanddeath

C.usuallywitnessedthebirthordeathofafamilymember

D.hadoftenexperiencedthefearofdeathaspartoflife

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tolearnhowtofacedeath

B.tovisitdyingpatients

C.toattendtopatients

D.tohaveaccesstoahospital

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.observinghowtheyreactedtothecrisisofdeath

B.helpingthemandtheirfamiliesovercomethefearofdeath

C.findingouttheirattitudetowardstheapproachofdeath

D.learninghowtobesthelpthemandtheirfamilies

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Iiisdesireforcommunicationwithotherpeople

B.hisfearofapproachingdeath

C.hispessimisticattitudetowardshiscondition

D.hisreluctancetopartwithhisfamily

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dyingpatientsareafraidofbeingtoldoftheapproachofdeath

B.mostdoctorsandnursesunderstandwhatdyingpatientsneed

C.dyingpatientsshouldbetruthfullyinformedoftheircondition

D.mostpatientsareunabletoacceptdeathuntilitisobviouslyinevitable

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirthanddeathaspartoflife(在過(guò)去,孩子們對(duì)出生和死亡非常熟悉,是他們生活的—部分),以及:ThisisperhapsthefirstgenerationofAmericanyoungsterswhohaveneverbeenclosebyduringthebirthofababyandhaveneverexperiencedthedeathofafamilymember(現(xiàn)在的孩子可能是從未目睹要兒的降生和親人的死亡的第一代美國(guó)人)。由此推斷C項(xiàng)“(當(dāng)代美國(guó)老年人)常目擊家庭成員的出生或死亡”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Whentheygetsickwetransferthemtoahospital,wherechildrenareforbiddentovisitterminallyillpatients—evenwhenthosepatientsaretheirparents(當(dāng)他們生病時(shí)候就被轉(zhuǎn)移到醫(yī)院,而小孩卻被禁止去看望甚至是自己父母的臨終病人)。由此推斷B項(xiàng)“探望臨終父母”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...inordertofindoutwhattheycouldteachusandhowwecouldbeofmorebenefit,notjusttothembuttothemembersoftheirfamiliesaswell(為了發(fā)現(xiàn)他們（即臨終的病人）能讓我們明白什么,和我們?cè)鯓幽軒椭麄兒退麄兊募胰?,由此可知D項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)如何最好地幫助他們和他們的家人”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Mostofourpatientswelcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabouttheirtrouble(我們采訪的大多數(shù)病人歡迎另一個(gè)他們能與之坦率、真誠(chéng)且坦白地談及自己疾病的人),因此A項(xiàng)“他渴望與他人交流”正確。

5.判斷推理題。A:臨終的病人害怕被告知死亡的來(lái)臨,C:臨終病人應(yīng)該被誠(chéng)實(shí)地告知自己的病情,最后一段指出:Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekeptup-to-dateontheirmedicalconditionandtobetoldwhentheendwasnear(他們（即我們采訪的臨終病人）中的很多人都表現(xiàn)出希望被告知自己的病情,希望能夠了解自己病情的最新情況,并且希望知道死亡什么時(shí)候來(lái)臨),由此可知A項(xiàng)不正確,C項(xiàng)正確。B:大多數(shù)醫(yī)生和護(hù)士了解臨終病人的需求,第四段指出:Itisimportantforfamilymembers,anddoctorsandnursestounderstandthesepatients’communicationsinordertotrulyunderstandtheirneeds,fears,andfantasies(為了真正懂得他們的需求、恐懼和夢(mèng)想,了解這些病人的信息對(duì)家庭成員、醫(yī)生和護(hù)士而言是重要的),因此B項(xiàng)不正確。D:大多數(shù)病人直到死亡己然成定局吋才接受,最后一段指出:Wefoundoutthatpatientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachofdeathandfinallytoreachatruestageofacceptancepriortodeath(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些被公開(kāi)坦誠(chéng)地對(duì)待的病人在對(duì)待死亡的臨近和接受死亡的問(wèn)題上處理得更好),因此D項(xiàng)不正確。故選C。

12.單選題

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroup.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingsofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveothersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibit(阻礙)attainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesandtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferenceinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT_______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

4.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraph2,theauthorismakingthepointthat______.

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders.

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups.

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem.

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.recruitment

B.formalelectionprocess

C.specificleadershiptraining

D.traditionalculturalpatterns

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Personwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderinanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders”

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofagroup

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationships

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers

C.identifyingnewleaders

D.achievingagoal

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本篇主要討論不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者（如instrumentalleaders以及expressiveleaders）在不同的社會(huì)群體中所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧桶l(fā)揮的功能，所以D選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在社會(huì)群體中的作用”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者面臨的問(wèn)題”和B選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力在小群體和大群體中的區(qū)別”以及C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)群體如何決定誰(shuí)將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他們”文章都沒(méi)有提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.（在家庭中，傳統(tǒng)的文化模式賦予父母一方或雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位）”由此可知D選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的文化模式”說(shuō)法正確；以及“Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.（在較大的群體中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通常是通過(guò)選舉或招聘正式選出的。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“招聘”；B選項(xiàng)“正式的選舉程序”文中也有提到；只有C選項(xiàng)“具體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)”與該題無(wú)關(guān)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段，第二段的大意為：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者沒(méi)有一個(gè)固定的特點(diǎn)，只是符合了一個(gè)特定群體需要的人就有可能成為該群體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。A選項(xiàng)“某一特定群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，不一定就可以成為另一群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“很少有人能成功地與他人分享領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色”和C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的研究能更好的學(xué)習(xí)如何成為一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”文章第二段均未提到；D選項(xiàng)“許多人想成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但卻很少能拿出證據(jù)來(lái)證明他們具有這樣的資格”曲解了文章意思，不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“...decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryofnaturalleaders.（數(shù)十年來(lái)的研究并不能找出可靠證據(jù)來(lái)證明哪些人可以成為天生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者）”，所以B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者存在”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“很少有人稱得上是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”；C選項(xiàng)“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者很容易被群體成員接受”；D選項(xiàng)“天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有一組相似的特征”都與文章意思不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.（工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)群體完成任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式）”，由此可知工具型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通常關(guān)注的是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，所以D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“確保和諧關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)“與小組成員分享責(zé)任”；C選項(xiàng)“確定新的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”說(shuō)法都不正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

ManystatesinAmericahavepassedlawsthatsaychildrencannotbeenrolledinschoolsordaycareunlesstheyhavebeen______againsttetanus,diphtheria,measles,mumpsandwhoppingcough.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diagnosed

B.concurred

C.immunized

D.infected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)diagnose表示“診斷，斷定”，B項(xiàng)concur表示“同意，一致，互助”，C項(xiàng)immunize表示“賦予免疫性，（尤指通過(guò)注射疫苗）使免疫”，D項(xiàng)infect表示“感染，傳染”。根據(jù)unless（除非）可知，后面的句子表示條件，結(jié)合前面的句子childrencannotbeenrolledinschoolsordaycare（兒童不能上學(xué)或上托兒所）以及后面的tetanus（破傷風(fēng)）、diphtheria（白喉）等詞，可知“使免疫”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：美國(guó)許多州都通過(guò)了法律，規(guī)定兒童不能上學(xué)或上托兒所，除非他們已經(jīng)接種了預(yù)防破傷風(fēng)、白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎和百日咳的疫苗。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

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問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exterminate

B.disparage

C.overwhelm

D.exceed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confrontwith

B.conformto

C.comeacross

D.concentrateon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A