書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京森林警察學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項(xiàng)efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C選項(xiàng)efficacy“功效，效力”；D選項(xiàng)frequency“頻率，頻繁”。句意：導(dǎo)師告訴本科生，通過(guò)多練習(xí)，可以_____一門外語(yǔ)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“熟練地掌握一門外語(yǔ)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

The（）ofcomputertechnologyhasledtomajorchangesinoursocialandfamilylife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fraudulence

B.arrival

C.dawn

D.advent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義解析。fraudulence“欺詐性”；arrival“到達(dá)”；dawn“黎明，開(kāi)端”；advent“到來(lái)，出現(xiàn)”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的到來(lái)對(duì)我們的社會(huì)和家庭生活帶來(lái)了主要的影響。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.翻譯題

我為什么寫作？我為了我們的國(guó)家、社會(huì)、生活更加美好而寫作。熱愛(ài)生活，我嘆息一切美好的瞬間的短促。只有文學(xué)才能使美好的瞬間與永恒連接起來(lái)。至少我有理由希望，在寫作的時(shí)候我能夠比我自己還要好一點(diǎn)，聰明一點(diǎn)，豐富一點(diǎn)，有時(shí)候更執(zhí)著一點(diǎn)，也有時(shí)候更豁達(dá)一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲沂翘椒擦耍沂怯刑嗟娜秉c(diǎn)以至于缺陷。我不滿意自己，我已經(jīng)沒(méi)有辦法再重新投胎一次，我只能在寫作里得到一些校正與補(bǔ)償。我喜歡寫作還因?yàn)檫@并不總是快樂(lè)的。誰(shuí)能回避那些沉重的不愉快的甚至于可怕的事情呢？然而當(dāng)這一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都變成文學(xué)的契機(jī)的時(shí)候，人生就比較能夠忍受了。

【答案】WhydoIwrite?Iwriteforthebettermentofourcountry,societyandlife.Ilovelife,Isighthebrevityofallthebeautifulmoments.Onlyliteraturecanconnectthebeautifulmomentwiththeeternal.AtleastIhavereasontohopethatwhenIwrite,Icanbealittlebetterthanmyself,alittlesmarter,alittlericher,sometimesalittlemorepersistent,andsometimesalittlemoreopen-minded,becauseIamtooordinary,Ihavetoomanyshortcomingsandevendefects.Iamnotsatisfiedwithmyself,Ihavenowaytobebornagain,Icanonlygetsomecorrectionandcompensationfromwriting.Ialsolikewritingbecauseit'snotalwaysfun.Whocanavoidthoseheavyunpleasantandeventerriblethings?However,whenalltheseexperiencesbecometheopportunityofliterature,lifeismoretolerable.

4.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.這種強(qiáng)調(diào)有兩個(gè)主要原因。首先，人們很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多主要致幻劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)與血清素相似。此外，對(duì)服用迷幻藥后的腦神經(jīng)化學(xué)的動(dòng)物研究總是報(bào)告血清素水平的變化。確定B選項(xiàng)‘5-羥色胺和致幻劑化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的相似性‘正確。

2.文章第二段中Unfortunately和challenged為關(guān)鍵詞，具有轉(zhuǎn)折的意味。第二段中thishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue這一假設(shè)必須在周圍組織上進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,由此可知答案為C選項(xiàng)’研究結(jié)果為反駁這一假設(shè)提供了證據(jù)‘正確。

3.該題為主旨概括題。文章第一句開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題，講的是科學(xué)家對(duì)迷幻藥的研究，并將研究目標(biāo)集中于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)血清素，并得出了迷幻藥對(duì)目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元的影響作用。所以C選項(xiàng)‘研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)烈表明，致幻藥物通過(guò)作用于位于大腦目標(biāo)神經(jīng)元上的血清素受體來(lái)產(chǎn)生效果。‘正確。

4.由上題可知，文章主要是描述迷幻藥對(duì)人的神經(jīng)元的影響作用。并且回答了是怎么對(duì)人的神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生影響的。選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)‘研究人員如何控制LSD對(duì)行為的影響?’文章沒(méi)有提及。文章是對(duì)動(dòng)物的實(shí)驗(yàn)，但并沒(méi)有對(duì)比人與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別，所以選項(xiàng)B‘動(dòng)物對(duì)LSD的反應(yīng)與人類有何不同?’排除。選項(xiàng)D‘什么技術(shù)進(jìn)步能讓研究人員更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)LSD對(duì)行為的影響?’文章沒(méi)有提到。所以排除法，選C。

5.該詞出現(xiàn)在最后一段，Thatis后是對(duì)該詞的解釋。thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.這與大腦血清素缺乏的動(dòng)物吸收血清素的行為相同，表明LSD直接作用于血清素受體，而不是通過(guò)釋放血清素來(lái)間接作用。所以確定A選項(xiàng)‘這一系列的行為，通常與給藥血清素有關(guān)，當(dāng)給大腦中血清素不足的動(dòng)物注射LSD時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生‘正確。

6.最后兩段，作者提出相反的假設(shè)，以證據(jù)證明假設(shè)。所以D選項(xiàng)‘總結(jié)假設(shè)背后的推理，提出支持假設(shè)的證據(jù)，描述反駁支持證據(jù)的研究。‘正確。

7.題干提問(wèn)作者的態(tài)度。A選項(xiàng)‘完全同意’；B選項(xiàng)‘不支持‘；C選項(xiàng)‘不予考慮的’；D選項(xiàng)‘無(wú)關(guān)緊要的‘。文中第二段作者對(duì)早期的以Unfortunately和challenged語(yǔ)氣進(jìn)行了否定，接著在下文中論述，從而得出真正的結(jié)果。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Whenpeoplearehappy,theytendtogive（

）interpretationsofeventstheywitness:theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.charitable

B.elaborate

C.conscientious

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義。charitable“慷慨的；仁慈的”；elaborate“精心制作的；詳盡的”；conscientious“認(rèn)真的；小心謹(jǐn)慎的”；coherent“一致的”。句意：人在快樂(lè)時(shí)傾向于對(duì)自己所見(jiàn)的事情給出仁慈的解釋，即旁觀者的觀點(diǎn)被自身的情緒所影響。由theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Theminiaturizationofthecomponentsofcomputerchipshasprovedunstoppable.Ineachnewgeneration,thosecomponentsaresmallerandmoretightlypackedthantheywereinitspredecessor.Progresshasbeensorapidthatchipdesignersareapproachingapparentlyfundamentalbarrierstofurtherreductionsinsizeandincreasesindensity.Oneoftheseisimposedbytheneedtowirethecomponentsinachiptogether,sothattheycanexchangesignals.But,inaminiaturizedversionoftheshifttowirelesscommunicationinthemacroscopicworld,agroupofresearchersledbyAlainNogaretoftheUniversityofBath,inEngland,thinktheycanmakechipswhosecomponentstalktoeachotherwirelessly.

Atpresent,theelectronicsthattransmitandreceivetheradiowavesusedinwirelessdevicesaretoolargetobeusedwithinindividualchips.ButDrNogaretbelieveshecanovercomethis.LastweekheandhiscolleaguesatthreeotherBritishuniversities,anotherinBelgiumandaresearchinstituteinFrancewonthemoneytotrytobuildsuchadevice.

Theresearchersintendtousethestandardlithographic（平印刷板）techniquesemployedinchipmakingtocoatasemiconductorwithmicroscopicmagnets.Thesemagnetswillgeneratelocalmagneticfieldsthatpointinoppositedirectionsatdifferentpointsonthechip'ssurface.Electronshaveapropertycalledspinthatisaffectedbymagneticfields,andtheteamhopestouseaneffectcalledinverseelectron-spinresonance（諧振）tomakeelectronspassingthroughthechipemitmicrowaves..

Thetechniquetheyareproposingisthereverseoftheprocessinmedicalmagnetic-resonanceimaging.InMRI,thepatientisplacedinastrongmagneticfieldthatcausessomeofhisbodyatomicnuclei,whichactliketinymagnetizedspinningtops,toalignthemselveswiththefield.Thenucleiarethenzappedbrieflywithasecondmagneticfieldthatknocksthemoutofalignmentwiththefirstone.Thecoilsinthescanningapparatusdetectthesemagneticchanges,whichareusedtobuildupamapofthepartofthebodybeingexamined.Afterafewseconds,thenucleithemselveswiththefield,radiatingsmallamountsofenergyasheator,morerarely,asradiowaves.

Inchips,DrNogaretproposestousethespinoftheelectronratherthanthespinoftheatomicnucleus.Electronsflowingthroughthechipwould“see”amagneticfieldthatflipsfromonedirectiontotheoppositeeveryfewhundrednanometres(billionthsofametre).ThisistheequivalentofzappingtothestationaryobjectwithanoscillatingmagneticfieldofthesortusedinMRI.Thechangingmagneticfieldwouldforcetheelectronstooscillate,too,butwouldnotallowthemtoradiateheat.Asaresult,theywouldbeforcedtoemitradiowaves—or,rather,microwaves,whicharesimilarbutofshorterwavelength.

【答案】事實(shí)證明，計(jì)算機(jī)芯片元件的小型化是不可阻擋的。每一次更新?lián)Q代，這些組件相比以前更小巧，排列更緊密。發(fā)展如此之快，使得芯片設(shè)計(jì)者在進(jìn)一步縮小元件尺寸、壓縮元件密度方面逐漸面臨一些根本性難題。其中一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是芯片中的組件需要用線路連接起來(lái)，以便于交換信號(hào)。不過(guò)，英國(guó)巴斯大學(xué)的阿蘭·諾加雷特領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員認(rèn)為，通過(guò)將宏觀條件下的無(wú)線通信傳輸微型化，他們可以研制出使用無(wú)線通信組件的芯片。

目前，無(wú)線設(shè)備中用來(lái)發(fā)射和接收無(wú)線電波的電子設(shè)備太大，無(wú)法在單個(gè)芯片中使用。但諾加雷特博士認(rèn)為他可以解決這一問(wèn)題。上周他和他來(lái)自另三所英國(guó)大學(xué)、一所比利時(shí)大學(xué)及一個(gè)法國(guó)研究所的同事?tīng)?zhēng)取到了一筆資金用來(lái)研發(fā)這個(gè)設(shè)備。

研究者打算使用芯片制作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平印刷板技術(shù)，將許多極小的磁鐵包被到一塊半導(dǎo)體上。這些磁鐵可產(chǎn)生局部磁場(chǎng)，從相反的方向作用于芯片表面的不同位點(diǎn)。電子具有一種自旋特性，可受磁場(chǎng)影響。研究小組希望利用一種“反電子自旋諧振”效應(yīng)，讓穿過(guò)芯片的電子發(fā)射微波。

他們提出的技術(shù)與醫(yī)學(xué)核磁共振成像的過(guò)程正好相反。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，病人被置于一個(gè)強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)，該磁場(chǎng)可讓患者機(jī)體原子核（運(yùn)動(dòng)方式類似于磁化的陀螺）順著磁場(chǎng)方向排列。然后，用第二個(gè)磁場(chǎng)短時(shí)轟擊這些原子核，使其脫離第一個(gè)磁場(chǎng)的陣列。掃描儀中的線圈探測(cè)到這些磁性變化，并由此構(gòu)建出受檢身體部位的圖譜。幾秒鐘之后，原子核沿磁場(chǎng)方向重新排列，并放射出少量熱能或者無(wú)線電波（更罕見(jiàn)）。

在芯片制作方面，諾加雷特博士提議利用電子自旋而非原子核自旋。流經(jīng)芯片的電子可以“識(shí)別”某一磁場(chǎng)，該磁場(chǎng)每隔幾百納米（十億分之一米）就變換一次方向。這相當(dāng)于核磁共振中不斷擺動(dòng)的磁場(chǎng)，令其轟擊某一靜止物體。不斷變化的磁場(chǎng)也會(huì)迫使電子振蕩，但不允許它們散射熱能。這樣一來(lái)，電子僅可發(fā)出無(wú)線電波或者更確切地說(shuō)是微波，它與無(wú)線電波類似，但波長(zhǎng)較短。

7.單選題

Howcanyouavoidmistakeswhenyouareinsucha（）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haste

B.hurry

C.speed

D.dash

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inahurry意為“立刻，匆忙”。句意：當(dāng)你如此匆忙的時(shí)候，你怎么能避免錯(cuò)誤呢?選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Theyhadoneyoungsonandanotherchildontheway.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldtownhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren'ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Infact,theentireareainBrooklynhadbeensettledbyyoungfamilies.Andasaresult,theneighborhood,whichhadbeendecliningforyears,wasnowbeingrestored.

Brooklynisn'ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.SoarePhiladelphiaandSt.Louis.AndCharleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica'smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday'scitiesface.Indeed,theirwoesaresomanythatitisfairtoaskwhetherornottheinnercity,thecoreofmosturbanareaswillmanagetosurviveatall.

Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,Elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thepeopleleftinthecitieswereoftenthosewhoweretoooldortoopoortomove.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.(InthepastsixtyyearsSanFranciscoistheonlycityintheUnitedStatestohavecompletedanewmasstransitsystem.)Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.

Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringthedaytheywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,“Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?”Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandsuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinessestothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesseshavealsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinStockholm,Sweden,InBonn,Germany,andinBrussels,Belgium,aswell.

Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.PerhapsthedecisionmadebyTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsuburbansprawlmaynothavebeentheanswertoman'sneedtocreateanidealenvironmentinwhichtoliveandwork.

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironment

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbs

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtolive

D.Americanpeoplemovealotinhistory

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.privatespace

B.roomtomovefreely

C.peacefulplaces

D.confinedroom

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorise

B.housingwasallowedtodecay

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecities

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecities

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat______.1.本文作者認(rèn)為_(kāi)_____。

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironmentA.搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbsB.城市可能會(huì)被郊區(qū)所取代

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtoliveC.市中心太擁擠了，無(wú)法居住

D.AmericanpeoplemovealotinhistoryD.歷史上美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬家

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文在第一段描述了一對(duì)夫婦搬家，經(jīng)過(guò)多番尋找，最終還是決定留在市區(qū)。事實(shí)上，還有許多家庭亦是如此。所以作者接著提到了市區(qū)重建，以前人們都向郊區(qū)遷移，但現(xiàn)在大家厭倦了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的通勤，開(kāi)始懷念城市生活，這也是市區(qū)重建的原因。實(shí)際上從側(cè)面表明郊區(qū)已經(jīng)無(wú)法給人們帶來(lái)理想的生活環(huán)境，文章最后一句提出“似乎郊區(qū)擴(kuò)張并不能滿足人類創(chuàng)造理想生活和工作環(huán)境的需要”，所以A項(xiàng)“搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“城市可能會(huì)被郊區(qū)所取代”，最后一段提到向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢(shì)很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰，所以人們可能將返回城市，因此城市不可能會(huì)被郊區(qū)取代，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“市中心太擁擠了，無(wú)法居住”根據(jù)第三段第一句“美國(guó)城市居民為了尋找新鮮的空氣、舒適的空間和隱私，開(kāi)始大規(guī)模遷往郊區(qū)”可知，人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因是尋找新鮮空氣和舒適的空間與隱私，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“歷史上美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬家”并沒(méi)有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“______”.2.第三段中的“elbowroom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.privatespaceA.私人空間

B.roomtomovefreelyB.自由活動(dòng)的空間

C.peacefulplacesC.和平的地方

D.confinedroomD.密閉房間

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第一句“20世紀(jì)40年代，美國(guó)城市居民開(kāi)始大規(guī)模遷移到郊區(qū)，尋找新鮮空氣、elbowroom和私人空間”，由此可知，elbowroom應(yīng)該與新鮮空氣、私人空間一樣，都是城區(qū)沒(méi)有而郊區(qū)所擁有的東西，而elbow本身的含義是“肘部”，綜合理解可以推測(cè)，elbowroom指的是“能夠活動(dòng)的空間”，所以B項(xiàng)“自由活動(dòng)的空間”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“私人空間”與原文中的privacy重復(fù)，曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“和平的地方”不是郊區(qū)所獨(dú)有的，也屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“有限的空間”顯然不是郊區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，所以不符合題干，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?3.下列哪一個(gè)陳述是正確的？

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.A.城市里只剩下老人和窮人。

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.B.向郊區(qū)的遷移開(kāi)始減少。

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.C.市中心在未來(lái)一定會(huì)消失。

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.D.郊區(qū)一定會(huì)取代城市。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢(shì)很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰”可知，搬到郊區(qū)的這種遷移活動(dòng)到達(dá)頂峰，也就是說(shuō)這種活動(dòng)開(kāi)始要下降了，B項(xiàng)“向郊區(qū)的遷移開(kāi)始減少”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”，根據(jù)第三段第四句“留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人”可知，城市里留下的大多是老人和窮人，而該項(xiàng)中的just表述太絕對(duì)，屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“市中心在未來(lái)一定會(huì)消失”根據(jù)第二段第四句“喬治亞州舊港口城市薩凡納的修復(fù)，很好地證明了市區(qū)不需要消亡”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“郊區(qū)一定會(huì)取代城市”根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢(shì)很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了頂峰”和倒數(shù)第二句“也許泰勒的決定是一個(gè)信號(hào)，人們將返回城市，并開(kāi)始重建它們”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?4.為什么企業(yè)紛紛遷往郊區(qū)？

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.A.因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人。

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.B.因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)發(fā)展迅速。

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.C.因?yàn)楦蝗硕及岬浇紖^(qū)去了。

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.D.因?yàn)楹芏嗳嗽诔鞘泄ぷ?，住在郊區(qū)。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“許多市區(qū)僅僅為了商業(yè)而存在。白天，房子里擠滿了辦公的人，到了晚上，里面就空無(wú)一人了?！笨芍?，這兩句說(shuō)明人們白天在市區(qū)工作，晚上就回到了郊區(qū)生活。考慮到這些情況，企業(yè)把辦公室搬到了郊區(qū)，這樣就可以在同一個(gè)地區(qū)生活和工作了。D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楹芏嗳嗽诔鞘泄ぷ鳎≡诮紖^(qū)”就是企業(yè)遷移到郊區(qū)的原因，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人”是人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因，并不是企業(yè)搬到郊區(qū)的原因，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴；

B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榻紖^(qū)發(fā)展迅速”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楦蝗硕及岬浇紖^(qū)去了”沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause______.5.20世紀(jì)40年代，許多城市開(kāi)始年久失修，原因是______。

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtoriseA.住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升

B.housingwasallowedtodecayB.房屋被放任自流

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecitiesC.許多人搬離了城市

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecitiesD.城市里只剩下老人和窮人

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段三四五句“由于大多數(shù)搬來(lái)的人都是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，他們帶走了城市維持他們?cè)?jīng)居住的社區(qū)所需的稅收。留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人。因此，許多城市開(kāi)始年久失修?！笨芍?，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的人們搬到郊區(qū)的同時(shí)，帶走了城市用來(lái)維持社區(qū)的稅收，也就是說(shuō)沒(méi)有錢來(lái)支撐城市社區(qū)的維護(hù)，所以城市開(kāi)始年久失修。所以C項(xiàng)“許多人搬離了城市”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升”和B項(xiàng)“房屋被放任自流”是人們遷往郊區(qū)給城市帶來(lái)的后果，并不是城市年久失修的原因，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D項(xiàng)“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”表述太絕對(duì)，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

9.單選題

NazismandFascismwere（

）tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:納粹和法西斯主義注定要被扔進(jìn)歷史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

10.單選題

I’msureyou’llagreethatwhenapersonisasambitiousasLiFei,noonecanstophimtoachievehiscareerobjectives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.you’llagreethat

B.whenaperson

C.can

D.toachieve

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語(yǔ)誤用。toachieve改為fromachieving。stopsb.todosth.讓某人停下來(lái)去做另一件事。stopsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事。這里表示"阻止他實(shí)現(xiàn)職業(yè)目標(biāo)"。

11.單選題

Aircraftandrocketcanbeusedtocollectradioactivedebris,whilehigh-altitudesatellitescarrydetectorsforgammaraysandotheremissions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffusion

B.remains

C.glitter

D.transfer

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。debris表示“碎片，殘骸”。A項(xiàng)diffusion“擴(kuò)散，傳播”，B項(xiàng)remain“遺留，殘骸”，C項(xiàng)glitter“閃光，燦爛”，D項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：飛機(jī)和火箭可以用來(lái)收集放射性碎片，而高空衛(wèi)星攜帶探測(cè)伽馬射線和其他輻射的探測(cè)器。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

12.單選題

Itwasverykindofyoutogetmesomethingformybirthday,butyou（

）mesuchanexpensivepresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tneedbuying

B.needn’tbuy

C.needn’thavebought

D.hadn’tneededtobuy

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指其實(shí)你沒(méi)有必要給我買這么貴重的禮物。needn’thavedonesth.意為本沒(méi)必要做某事卻做了，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.翻譯題

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportantthing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimselfbyknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecominghimself.Heactualizedhisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatestheuniquenessofothers.

Awinnerisnotafraidtodohisownthinkingandtousehisownknowledge.Hecanseparatefactsfromopinionanddoesn’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Helistenstoothers,evaluateswhattheysay,butcomestohisownconclusions.Whilehecanadmireandrespectotherpeople,heisnottotallydefined,demolished,boundorawedbythem.

【答案】

成功者的潛質(zhì)各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真實(shí)才是。一個(gè)真實(shí)的人通過(guò)了解自我，堅(jiān)持自我，使自己成為值得信賴、樂(lè)于回應(yīng)的人來(lái)體驗(yàn)真實(shí)的自我。它實(shí)現(xiàn)前所未有的獨(dú)特的自我，同時(shí)也尊重他人的獨(dú)特之處。

成功者不懼怕獨(dú)立思考，也不懼怕獨(dú)立運(yùn)用知識(shí)，他能夠區(qū)分哪些是事實(shí)，哪些是觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)并不宣稱洞察一切。他傾聽(tīng)他人的意見(jiàn)，琢磨他人的話語(yǔ)，但是自行做出結(jié)論，他可以欽羨、尊重別人，可是他絕不為他人所局限，所束縛，不會(huì)對(duì)他們敬若神靈。

14.單選題

Theresearchinareasofhuman______andexplorationsuggeststhatthesecharacteristicsarisefrombothintrinsicmotivationsordrivestogaininformationandextrinsicexplorativebehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orderliness

B.curiosity

C.innocence

D.shyness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orderliness“整潔，整齊；秩序井然”；B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C選項(xiàng)innocence“清白，無(wú)罪；天真無(wú)邪”；D選項(xiàng)shyness“羞怯”。句意：人類______和探索領(lǐng)域的研究表明，這些特征來(lái)自于獲取信息的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)或驅(qū)動(dòng)，以及外在的探索行為。橫線處與后面的“探索領(lǐng)域”是并列主語(yǔ)，與獲取信息和探索對(duì)應(yīng)度最高的是好奇心，B選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Itwasclearthatthegardenwasnomoreamateuraffair;ithadbeen（）professionally.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laiddown

C.laidoff

D.laidaside

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)laidout表示“安排，陳列，花費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)laiddown表示“放下，主張，鋪設(shè)”；C選項(xiàng)laidoff表示“下崗，解雇”；D選項(xiàng)laidaside表示“擱置，儲(chǔ)存，留存”。it指代前文中的thegarden，而空缺處需填入動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞形式構(gòu)成被動(dòng)，由句意可知“（按計(jì)劃）安排；布局；陳列”最合適，因此本題正確答案為A?！揪湟狻亢茱@然，這個(gè)花園不再是業(yè)余者做的事情，而是經(jīng)過(guò)專業(yè)的布局。

16.單選題

TheyearsfollowingthepublicationofDarwin’sworkhaveseenafabulousdevelopmentofgeneralandhumanpaleontology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinctive

B.parallel

C.marvelous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distinctive獨(dú)特的，特別的B.parallel極相似的，同時(shí)發(fā)生的

C.marvelous極好的，非凡的D.unique獨(dú)特的，罕見(jiàn)的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】fabulous的意思為“極好的，絕妙的；很大的，巨大的”，用來(lái)形容development，指的是古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)發(fā)展得特別好，非常迅速，marvelous與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】在達(dá)爾文發(fā)表著作幾年后，古生物學(xué)和人類古生物學(xué)都取得了驚人的進(jìn)展。

17.單選題

Firstbornchildreninafamilyseemtohaveastrongerdesiretosucceed（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thandolater-bornchildren

B.butlater-born-childrendo

C.aschildrenbornlater

D.iflater-bornchildrendo

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。dolater-born從句等于later-bornchildrenseemtohaveastrongdesiretosucceed。簡(jiǎn)化使句子簡(jiǎn)潔流暢，因?yàn)閺木渲髡Z(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，故do在前。句意：一個(gè)家庭中第一個(gè)孩子似乎有更強(qiáng)烈的成功愿望……。結(jié)合句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此答案為A選項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Noonewas（

）intheaccident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.injured

B.wounded

C.suffered

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)injure“傷害，損害”；B選項(xiàng)wound“創(chuàng)傷，傷害”；C選項(xiàng)suffer“遭受”；D選項(xiàng)handicap“妨礙”。句意：在這次事故中沒(méi)有人受傷。選項(xiàng)A和B都有受傷的意思，但injury指意外傷害或事故造成的傷害，wound一般指刀傷，槍傷，戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷，也可指對(duì)感情的傷害，所以選項(xiàng)A更加恰當(dāng)。

19.單選題

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis（

）orsocialposition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”;B選項(xiàng)status“地位，身份”;C選項(xiàng)determination“決心，果斷，堅(jiān)定”；D選項(xiàng)significance“（尤指對(duì)將來(lái)有影響的）重要性，意義”。根據(jù)表示并列的連詞or和后面的名詞“socialposition社會(huì)地位”確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

______totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prior

B.Before

C.Preceding

D.Following

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)prior“先前的，優(yōu)先的”，B項(xiàng)before“之前”，C項(xiàng)preceding“在……之前，在前的”，D項(xiàng)following“其次的，接著的”。根據(jù)句子可知，priorto固定搭配，表示“在……之前”。句意：獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前，美國(guó)是英國(guó)的殖民地。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Shebecamethefirstwomantoentertheschoolbutwithdrawafterafewdays（）stress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhonorof

B.becauseof

C.inspiteof

D.insteadof

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inhonorof“向...致敬”，B選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)?，由于”，C選項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管，即使”，D選項(xiàng)insteadof“代替，而不是”。句意:她成為第一個(gè)進(jìn)入這所學(xué)校但幾天后因壓力而退出的女性。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

22.單選題

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadof