書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京培黎職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen（

）withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embraced

B.adjusted

C.alternated

D.integrated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)embrace“擁抱”；B選項(xiàng)adjust“調(diào)整”；C選項(xiàng)alternate“交替，輪流”；D選項(xiàng)integrate“使完整”。句意：這門課程吸引人的特點(diǎn)之一是實(shí)際工作與學(xué)科理論方面結(jié)合的方法。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thickly

B.densely

C.heavily

D.keenly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。thickly“厚地，濃地”；densely“濃密地，密集地”；heavily“沉重地，猛烈地”；keenly“敏銳地，強(qiáng)烈地”。句意：生活在小城鎮(zhèn)的人往往看起來比生活在人口密集地區(qū)的人友善。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Thattruckdrivernolonger（

）himselfindrinkingafterexperiencingtheaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.induced

B.immersed

C.devoted

D.indulged

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)induce“誘導(dǎo)”；B選項(xiàng)immerse“浸入”；C選項(xiàng)devote“致力于”；D選項(xiàng)indulge“沉溺，滿足，放任”。句意：在經(jīng)歷了那次事故后，那個(gè)卡車司機(jī)就不再放任自己喝酒。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞。作名詞時(shí)，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了級(jí)別；rise“上升，增加”通常指數(shù)量增加或水平提高，為不可數(shù)名詞；arise沒有名詞用法；increase“增加，增加額”，指大小和強(qiáng)度增加。句意：新的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，因?yàn)榧彝ブ袙赍X女性人數(shù)的增加，去年全職爸爸的數(shù)量達(dá)到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.寫作題

Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whatshouldbeinpeople'sdiet,tohavewhatonejustwantsortojusteathealthyfood?"

Writeaspeechforthedebateandclarifyyourownviewpointtowardswhateveryourpositionwillbe(justoneposition).Butbesurethatyourargumentwillbesupportedwithampleexamplesorevidence.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyourspeech.

Thelengthofyourspeechisexpectedtobebetween250and300words.WriteyourspeechontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

6.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers'"campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

34.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgmentsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletoslopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodriveletalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat（）.

3.By“goodsense’’（Paragraph2）,thewritermeans（）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion（）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.trafficconditions

D.thebehaviorofthedriver

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedrierscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions

B.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

C.thedriver’stoleranceofhadroadconditions

D.thedriver’sacknowledgmentofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.riversshouldbereadytoyieldtoonanother

B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedrivers,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.將這一切歸咎于交通堵塞、汽油價(jià)格和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏是很有道理的，但道路上的禮儀正變得可怕。你可能會(huì)容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機(jī)，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機(jī)是個(gè)例外。可知作者認(rèn)為交通阻塞是由于司機(jī)的不良行為造成的，故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewellmanneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.你可能會(huì)容忍粗魯和不顧他人的司機(jī)，但現(xiàn)在有禮貌的司機(jī)是例外。這句話的言外之意就是當(dāng)今不禮貌的司機(jī)占大多數(shù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.道路禮貌不僅是禮貌，也是良好的感覺。它讓頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機(jī)，在遭遇不文明行為時(shí)，也要抵制住報(bào)復(fù)的誘惑。另一方面，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)禮貌就能大大緩解開車時(shí)的緊張情緒。對(duì)禮貌行為的友好點(diǎn)頭或招手有助于創(chuàng)造友好和寬容的氛圍，這在現(xiàn)代交通條件下是非常必要的。由此下文可知goodsense是指司機(jī)對(duì)于禮貌行為合理地理解并作出回應(yīng)的能力。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.幾年前，專家們警告我們，汽車擁有量的激增將要求所有道路使用者進(jìn)行更多的互讓?，F(xiàn)在是我們所有人牢記這一信息的時(shí)候了。”可知在汽車不斷增多的情況下，要求道路使用者互讓。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要講述了隨著汽車數(shù)量激增，加之司機(jī)的不禮貌的行為導(dǎo)致道路阻塞的情況很嚴(yán)重，作者呼吁司機(jī)應(yīng)該要有禮貌，并對(duì)禮貌行為做出適當(dāng)回應(yīng)。

7.單選題

Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,（

）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tit

B.usedn’tit

C.didn’tthereuseto

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問句。Therebe句型的反義疑問句必須用there進(jìn)行反問，若be動(dòng)詞前沒有其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞修飾，則反義疑問句用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式，如be動(dòng)詞前有其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞修飾，則反義疑問句用該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式。本題的反義疑問句部分為：usedn’tthere或didn’tthere，因此選D。句意：幾年前這里曾經(jīng)有過威脅，不是嗎？

8.翻譯題

我一直以為大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)是高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚、指導(dǎo)學(xué)術(shù)與教育大方向的決策人，而不是管饅頭稀飯的保姆。這一類型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，當(dāng)然是善意的。問題是，我們論“事”的時(shí)候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是實(shí)際后果，而教育的后果何其嚴(yán)重！在這種過度呵護(hù)的幼稚教育下成長(zhǎng)的大學(xué)生，遇事時(shí)，除了“眼淚汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢？

【答案】參考譯文：

Ihavealwaysconsidereduniversitypresidentstobefar-sighteddecision—makerswhoconductacademicresearchandguidemaindirectionsofeducationratherthanbabysitterswhoareinchargeofstudents’dailylife.Ofcourse,thereisnodoubtthatsucheducatorshaveverygoodintentions.Theproblemis,whenwemakejudgmentsonsomething,whatmatterarenotintentionsbuttheactualconsequences.Andhowserioustheconsequencesofeducationare!Whatcanyouexpecttheuniversitystudentswhoarebroughtupinaneducationalsystemwhichtreatthemlikebabiestodoexceptforseeingthemtoshedtearsinfaceofanactualhardshipproblem?

9.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難”；paradox“悖論”；junction“連接”；premise“前提，假定”。根據(jù)betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家長(zhǎng)是在這兩種做法為難，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

In1957,adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu”ora“badcold”.Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsandinhishospitalhewasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza.

Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.A.W.H.O.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongofChina,whereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.

AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.A.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.

Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzaasmuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.D.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.

Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinmainlandChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverthemainland.D.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButatthattimeChinawasnotamemberoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandthereforedidnotreportoutbreaksofdiseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whentravelerscarriedthevirusintoHongKong,China,fromwhereitspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.D.Bythistimeitwaswellstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.

Thereafter,WHO’sWeeklyReportsdescribedthesteadyspreadofthisgreatvirusoutbreak,whichwithinfourmonthssweptthrougheverycontinent.

1.TheoutbreakinHongKong,China,wasduetoavirusin

.

2.Whydidthetwodoctorsdropthefluintothenosesofanimals?

3.TheAsianfluvirus

.

4.Wherewastheflufirstfound?

5.Whendidthevirusreachtherestoftheworld?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anewsubgroupofGroupA

B.anoldsubgroupofGroupA

C.anewsubgroupofGroupB

D.anoldsubgroupofGroupB

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Todecideonthevirusname

B.Toseehowitcanaffecttheanimals

C.Tofindthechannelofthevirusspread

D.Totestthespeedandeffectofvirusreproduction

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasakiller

B.wasveryweak

C.couldreproduceveryquickly

D.diedveryfast

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.InHongKong,China

B.InSingapore

C.InmainlandChina

D.Notmentioned

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.InFebruary

B.BeforeMarch

C.InApril

D.AfterMay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句話WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句話提到在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，疾病的常見癥狀出現(xiàn)了。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，這種新病毒很容易感染，但它不是致命病毒（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller），由此可知實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了測(cè)試病毒的傳播和再生的速度。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到醫(yī)生用動(dòng)物來做實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這類病毒再生速度非?？欤↖nashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared），由此可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段第一句話提到這種病毒在其他國家出現(xiàn)之前，最早在中國大陸出現(xiàn)（Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章第五段提到這種病毒最早是在中國大陸出現(xiàn)，時(shí)間是大約1957年2月份，而被醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)是在三月份，兩個(gè)月后通過旅行者傳播到了中國香港，然后再傳染到新加坡，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Today,cigarettesmokingisawidespreadhabit.About43percentoftheadultmenand31percentoftheadultwomenintheUSsmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtonote,however,thatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupthesmokinghabit.75percentofthemalepopulationand46percentofthefemalepopulationhavesmokedcigarettesatsometimeduringtheirlives,but26percentofthesemenand11percentofthewomenhavestoppedsmoking.Thenumberofpersonswhohavegivenupsmokingisincreasing.

Itisafactthatmenasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportionofsmokersistheagegroup24-44.

Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabits.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.

Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducationthanamongthelowerincomeandlowereducationalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily.

Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Therearefewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.Highschoolstudentswhoarepreparingforcollegearelesslikelytosmokethanthosewhodonotplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschool.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke.

1.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdeterminesaperson’ssmokinghabits?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whatisthesmokingsituationforwomen?

5.Whatcanwesayaboutteenagesmokers?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Moreandmorepeopletakeupthehabitofsmoking.

B.TherearemoresmokingwomenthansmokingmeninUSA

C.Itisgoodnewsthatmorepeoplehavegivenupsmoking.

D.TheUShasmoresmokingpeoplethananyothercity.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Age,incomeandeducation

B.Age,sexandincome.

C.Occupation,incomeandsex

D.Profession,incomeandeducation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Citypeoplearelesslikelytosmoke.

B.Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytosmoke.

C.Menwithhigherincomestendtosmoke.

D.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesaregenerallylesslikelytosmoke.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesituationisquitethesameforwomenasformen.

B.Better-educatedwomenarelikelytosmokeheavily.

C.Therearemorewomensmokerswithlowincomes.

D.Womenwithhigherincomesandhighereducationdonottendtosmoke.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepictureabouttheteenagesmokersissimilartothatofwomensmokers.

B.Thesituationamongteenagersisquitethesamewithmen.

C.Highschoolstudentsaremorelikelytosmokethancollegestudents.

D.Farmers’childrentendtosmokemore.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.段落主旨題。第一段的最后一句為本文主旨句“Thenumberofpersonswhohavegivenup

smokingisincreasing.”戒煙的人數(shù)正在增加。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabits.”一個(gè)人的收入，受教育程度以及職位都決定了其抽煙習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)D與原文一一對(duì)應(yīng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.”選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題第四段的第二句“Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomen

withhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducation...”。家里越富有，受教育程度越高的人群中，女性吸煙者更多。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Therearefewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.”收入高、受過良好教育的家庭中，青少年吸煙者較少，來自農(nóng)村地區(qū)的家庭也一樣。所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段第三句“Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettes...”可知，青少年的這種情況與成年男性相似。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.單選題

Thestructureoftheglobaleconomy（

）thatdevelopingcountriesputalltheireffortsintoraisingcash—usuallybyexportingwhatevervirginresourcestheindustrialworldmightdesire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dictates

B.regulates

C.allows

D.appeals

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dictate“口述，強(qiáng)行規(guī)定，支配”；B選項(xiàng)regulate“（用規(guī)則條例）約束，控制，管理”；C選項(xiàng)allow“允許，準(zhǔn)許，給予”；D選項(xiàng)appeal“上訴，申訴，呼吁”。原句表示“全球經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)_____發(fā)展中國家竭盡全力籌集資金——通常是通過出口工業(yè)國家想要的任何原始資源”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)允許發(fā)展中國家竭盡全力籌集資金——通常是通過出口工業(yè)國家想要的任何原始資源。

13.單選題

Millionsofpeoplewere（）partiallyorwhollydestitute(貧窮)duringthecivilwar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.rendered

C.become

D.ruined

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:deprive“剝奪”；B:render“使成為”；C:become“變成”；D:ruin“毀滅”。句意：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人民都淪落到啼饑號(hào)寒或一貧如洗的地步。根據(jù)語境和句意可知B為正確答案。

14.單選題

Itriedveryhardtorestrainraylaughter,buttearsstartedflowingdownmycheeksandIbegan______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proffering

B.defrauding

C.guffawing

D.deflecting

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proffering遞上，提供；提出B.defrauding欺騙；詐騙

C.guffawing哄笑，大笑著說D.deflecting使轉(zhuǎn)向；使傾斜

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“我努力抑制住自己的笑聲，但是眼淚開始順著我的臉頰流了下來，我開始______”可知，“我努力抑制笑聲，但是眼淚留下來了”，所以“我忍不住大笑起來”，空格處填入C項(xiàng)符合句子意思。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】我竭力想忍住笑聲，但眼淚開始從我的臉頰上流下來，我開始大笑起來。

15.單選題

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。hastens“催促，加速”；releases“釋放，發(fā)表”；devises“發(fā)明，圖謀”；initiates“發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起”。句意：如果貓?jiān)絹碓娇拷谤叺某?，它將?huì)發(fā)動(dòng)一系列行動(dòng)去保護(hù)它的后代。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

IntheITindustry,somethinkofBillGatesasamonsterwhileothers______himasalivinggod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extricate

B.disparage

C.emulate

D.revere

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)extricate“使解脫，解救”，B項(xiàng)disparage“貶低，抨擊，詆毀”，C項(xiàng)emulate“仿真，模仿，盡力趕上”，D項(xiàng)revere“敬畏，尊敬，崇敬”。由while“然而”和asamonster“一個(gè)怪物”以及asalivinggod“活著的神”可知，前后語義是相反的，那么空格處填入“尊敬”符合句意。句意：在IT行業(yè)，一些人認(rèn)為比爾?蓋茨是一個(gè)怪物，而另一些人則把他尊為活著的神。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Ifyoubecomereconciledtoyourlot,youwillnevergetanewstartinlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.submissive

B.resistant

C.tolerable

D.committed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。reconcile表示“和解，調(diào)節(jié)”；A項(xiàng)submissive“順從的，服從的”，B項(xiàng)resistant“抵抗的，反抗的”，C項(xiàng)tolerable“可以容忍的”，D項(xiàng)committed“堅(jiān)定的，忠誠的”。句意：如果你甘心于自己的命運(yùn)，你將永遠(yuǎn)無法重新開始生活。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complaint

B.claim

C.reservation

D.lodging

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨，控訴”；B選項(xiàng)claim“宣稱，聲稱”；C選項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)訂”；D選項(xiàng)lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根據(jù)thehotelwascompletelyfilled（酒店客滿了）可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義，makeareservation表示“預(yù)訂”。句意：當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他想要的旅館因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)會(huì)議而客滿。

19.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake.Accordingtoanewstudyofseepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainseepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbytheseepinghemispherekeepsshut.Whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleepratherthantotalrelaxation.Moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain.”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdoingside-by-sideinthe200andinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-seepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasdolphins.Whalesandseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause（

）.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat（

）.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfwakeinorderto（

）.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2.Para.8).Siegelsuggeststhat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds

B.halfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目要求我們選出最新的研究成果。定位到文章第一段Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep…controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawakeaccordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks．（根據(jù)對(duì)一群睡眠中的鴨子的最新研究，處于半夢(mèng)半醒之間的鳥能控制任何一側(cè)的大腦，使其保持清醒狀態(tài)）由此可知，C項(xiàng)“鳥類可以有意識(shí)地控制半腦睡眠”是最新的研究結(jié)論。而A“多種鳥類都有半腦睡眠”，B“半腦睡眠的特點(diǎn)是腦電波緩慢”，D“鳥類很少在睡覺時(shí)整個(gè)大腦都處于休息狀態(tài)”三項(xiàng)中提到的內(nèi)容在第二段Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirds…（早期的研究記錄了很多鳥類的半腦睡眠……），都不是最新的研究結(jié)果，而是早期的研究所以都應(yīng)一一排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)與推斷題。定位到文章第三段開頭Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.（數(shù)十年來對(duì)鳥群的研究使研究人員預(yù)測(cè)，在更易受傷害的睡眠者中，會(huì)有額外的警覺性）以及第六段第一句Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（這些結(jié)果為長(zhǎng)期以來的假設(shè)提供了最好的證據(jù)，即單半球睡眠是隨著生物掃描敵人而演變而來的）。所以根據(jù)文段信息，選A“他們必須提防可能的襲擊”。B項(xiàng)“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”，C項(xiàng)“他們大腦的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)不同”，D項(xiàng)“他們必須時(shí)刻注意他們的同伴”，均不符合原文事實(shí)。

3.判斷推理題。題目問鳥兒在鏡子前面睡覺的例子表明了什么。根據(jù)文章第六段Themirror-sideeyeclosedasthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen(一只鳥兒靠著鏡子睡覺。那只鳥對(duì)著鏡子的那只眼睛是閉著的，仿佛鏡中的影像是它的同伴，而它的另外一只眼則是睜開的)，因此，C項(xiàng)“即使是一個(gè)想象中的伴侶也能給鳥一種安全感”與文中所提及的內(nèi)容一致。A項(xiàng)“鳥兒成雙成對(duì)打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”和B項(xiàng)“為了安全起見，鳥兒喜歡成對(duì)睡覺”中的inpairs是對(duì)原文中的誤讀，鳥兒喜歡結(jié)群，但文章并未提及是成雙成對(duì)睡覺。文中提到的一對(duì)鳥以及鏡子前的一只鳥睡覺的情形，旨在說明鳥兒“一半清醒一半睡眠”的現(xiàn)象，不是一般情形；D項(xiàng)“一只寵物鳥喜歡在鏡子里看到自己的倒影”中的enjoy屬于無中生有的說法。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。問題：在睡覺時(shí)，一些水哺乳動(dòng)物趨向于半睡不醒，以便……定位到文章第七段第二句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許讓大腦的一側(cè)保持清醒，可以讓熟睡的動(dòng)物偶爾浮出水面，以免淹死），可知答案為B項(xiàng)“不時(shí)地從水里出來呼吸”。A項(xiàng)“警惕逼近的敵人”，C“對(duì)不斷變化的環(huán)境保持敏感”，D項(xiàng)“避免被急流沖走”，均屬于無中生有。

5.判斷推理題。題干中thetipoftheiceberg的意思是冰山一角；從最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測(cè)，當(dāng)我們仔細(xì)研究其他物種時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)更多的例子），所以D項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠與寒冷的天氣有關(guān)”，B項(xiàng)“半腦睡眠之謎即將解開”，C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥都是半睡半醒的”，均是對(duì)句意的曲解。

20.翻譯題

世界都在關(guān)注北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)后中國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)走向。我們可以明確地說，中國將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地走和平發(fā)展道路，繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持改革開放不動(dòng)搖，繼續(xù)貫徹獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應(yīng)世界潮流。這次北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)是在中國這樣一個(gè)最大的發(fā)展中國家舉行的。國際社會(huì)對(duì)中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評(píng)價(jià)。奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強(qiáng)了實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的信心和力量。

(參考詞匯：remaincommitted;fundamentalinterests;inspire;confidence)

【答案】

NowthewholeworldwantstoknowinwhatdirectionChinaisheading,bothpoliticallyandeconomically,aftertheBeijingOlympicGames.LetmetellyouinunequivocaltermsthatChinawillremaincommittedtothepathofpeacefuldevelopment,unswervinglypursuereformandopening-up,andcontinuetoadheretoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.ThisisinthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthepeopleofallothercountries.Itisalsoinkeepingwiththetrendoftheworld.ThejustconcludedOlympicGameswasheldinChina,thelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.TheinternationalcommunityhashighlycommendedtheeffortsmadebytheChineseGovernmentandpeoplefortheGames.ThesuccessoftheOlympicGameshasgreatlyencouragedtheChinesepeopleandboostedtheirconfidenceandstrengthinrealizingmodernization.

21.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachiev