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企業級應用系統體系架構(八)
SOA概述ChenHaopengTuesday,November22,2022References:IBMRedbook:PatternsServiceOrientedArchitectureandWebServices1企業級應用系統體系架構(八)
SOAThebusinessdriversforanewapproachWhileITexecutiveshavebeenfacingthechallengeofcuttingcostsmaximizingtheutilizationofexistingtechnologyAtthesametimetheyhavetocontinuouslystrivetoservecustomersbetterbemorecompetitivebemoreresponsivetothebusiness’sstrategicpriorities.Therearetwounderlyingthemesbehindallofthesepressures:HeterogeneityandchangeThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachHeterogeneity
Mostenterprisestodaycontainarangeofdifferentsystems,applications,andarchitecturesofdifferentagesandtechnologies.Integratingproductsfrommultiplevendorsandacrossdifferentplatformswerealmostalwaysanightmare.Butwealsocannotaffordtotakeasingle-vendorapproachtoIT,becauseapplicationsuitesandthesupportinginfrastructurearesoinflexible.ChangeGlobalizationande-businessareacceleratingthepaceofchange.Improvementsintechnologycontinuetoaccelerate,feedingtheincreasedpaceofchangingcustomerrequirements.ThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachAsaresult,businessorganizationsareevolvingfromthevertical,isolatedbusinessdivisionsofthe1980’sandearliertothehorizontalbusiness-process-focusedstructuresofthe1980’sand1990’stowardsthenewecosystembusinessparadigm.Businessservicesnowneedtobecomponentizedanddistributed.Thereisafocusontheextendedsupplychain,enablingcustomerandpartneraccesstobusinessservices.ThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachQuestions:HowdoImakemyITenvironmentmoreflexibleandresponsivetotheeverchangingbusinessrequirements?Howcanwemakethoseheterogeneoussystemsandapplicationscommunicateasseamlesslyaspossible?Howcanweachievethebusinessobjectivewithoutbankruptingtheenterprise?CurrentlymanyITexecutivesandprofessionalsalikebelievethatnowwearegettingreallyclosetoprovidingasatisfactoryanswerwithservice-orientedarchitecture.ThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachInordertoalleviatetheproblemsofheterogeneity,interoperabilityandeverchangingrequirements,suchanarchitectureshouldprovideaplatformforbuildingapplicationserviceswiththefollowingcharacteristics:LooselycoupledLocationtransparentProtocolindependentBasedonsuchaservice-orientedarchitecture,aserviceconsumerdoesnotevenhavetocareaboutaparticularserviceitiscommunicatingwithbecausetheunderlyinginfrastructure,orservice“bus”,willmakeanappropriatechoiceonbehalfoftheconsumer.Theinfrastructurehidesasmanytechnicalitiesaspossiblefromarequestor.ParticularlytechnicalspecificitiesfromdifferentimplementationtechnologiessuchasJ2EEor.NETshouldnotaffecttheSOAusers.Weshouldalsobeabletoreconsiderandsubstitutea“better”serviceimplementationifoneisavailable,andwithbetterqualityofservicecharacteristics.ThebusinessdriversforanewService-orienteddesignimportantservice-orientedterminology:Services:Logicalentities,thecontractsdefinedbyoneormorepublishedinterfaces.Serviceprovider:Thesoftwareentitythatimplementsaservicespecification.Serviceconsumer(orrequestor):Thesoftwareentitythatcallsaserviceprovider.Traditionally,thisistermeda“client”.Aserviceconsumercanbeanend-userapplicationoranotherservice.Servicelocator:Aspecifickindofserviceproviderthatactsasaregistryandallowsforthelookupofserviceproviderinterfacesandservicelocations.Servicebroker:Aspecifickindofserviceproviderthatcanpassonservicerequeststooneormoreadditionalserviceproviders.Service-orienteddesignimportaInterface-baseddesignInbothcomponentandservicedevelopment,thedesignoftheinterfacesisdonesuchthatasoftwareentityimplementsandexposesakeypartofitsdefinition.Therefore,thenotionandconceptof“interface”iskeytosuccessfuldesigninbothcomponent-basedandservice-orientedsystems.Thefollowingaresomekeyinterface-relateddefinitions:Interface:Definesasetofpublicmethodsignatures,logicallygroupedbutprovidingnoimplementation.Aninterfacedefinesacontractbetweentherequestorandproviderofaservice.Anyimplementationofaninterfacemustprovideallmethods.Publishedinterface:Aninterfacethatisuniquelyidentifiableandmadeavailablethrougharegistryforclientstodynamicallydiscover.Publicinterface:Aninterfacethatisavailableforclientstousebutisnotpublished,thusrequiringstaticknowledgeonthepartoftheclient.Dualinterface:Frequentlyinterfacesaredevelopedaspairssuchthatoneinterfacedependsonanother;forexample,aclientmustimplementaninterfacetocallarequestorbecausetheclientinterfaceprovidessomecallbackmechanism.Interface-baseddesignInbothInterface-baseddesignThefollowingfigureshowstheUMLdefinitionofacustomerrelationshipmanagement(CRM)service,representedasaUMLcomponent,thatimplementstheinterfacesAccountManagement,ContactManagement,andSystemsManagement.Onlythefirsttwoofthesearepublishedinterfaces,althoughthelatterisapublicinterface.NotethattheSystemsManagementinterfaceandManagementServiceinterfaceformadualinterface.Interface-baseddesignThefollLayeredapplicationarchitecturesObject-orientedtechnologyandlanguagesaregreatwaystoimplementcomponents.Whilecomponentsarethebestwaytoimplementservices,thoughonehastounderstandthatagoodcomponent-basedapplicationdoesnotnecessarilymakeangoodservice-orientedapplication.Theterm“theapplicationedge”reflectsthefactthataserviceisagreatwaytoexposeanexternalviewofasystem,withinternalreuseandcompositionusingtraditionalcomponentdesign.LayeredapplicationarchitectuAcloserlookatservice-orientedarchitectureService-orientedarchitecturepresentsanapproachforbuildingdistributedsystemsthatdeliverapplicationfunctionalityasservicestoeitherend-userapplicationsorotherservices.Itiscomprisedofelementsthatcanbecategorizedintofunctionalandqualityofservice.Acloserlookatservice-orienAcloserlookatservice-orientedarchitectureFunctionalaspectsinclude:Transportisthemechanismusedtomoveservicerequestsfromtheserviceconsumertotheserviceprovider,andserviceresponsesfromtheserviceprovidertotheserviceconsumer.ServiceCommunicationProtocolisanagreedmechanismthattheserviceproviderandtheserviceconsumerusetocommunicatewhatisbeingrequestedandwhatisbeingreturned.ServiceDescriptionisanagreedschemafordescribingwhattheserviceis,howitshouldbeinvoked,andwhatdataisrequiredtoinvoketheservicesuccessfully.Servicedescribesanactualservicethatismadeavailableforuse.BusinessProcessisacollectionofservices,invokedinaparticularsequencewithaparticularsetofrules,tomeetabusinessrequirement.Notethatabusinessprocesscouldbeconsideredaserviceinitsownright,whichleadstotheideathatbusinessprocessesmaybecomposedofservicesofdifferentgranularities.TheServiceRegistryisarepositoryofserviceanddatadescriptionswhichmaybeusedbyserviceproviderstopublishtheirservices,andserviceconsumerstodiscoverorfindavailableservices.Theserviceregistrymayprovideotherfunctionstoservicesthatrequireacentralizedrepository.Acloserlookatservice-orienAcloserlookatservice-orientedarchitectureQualityofserviceaspectsinclude:Policyisasetofconditionsorrulesunderwhichaserviceprovidermakestheserviceavailabletoconsumers.Thereareaspectsofpolicywhicharefunctional,andaspectswhichrelatetoqualityofservice;thereforewehavethepolicyfunctioninbothfunctionalandqualityofserviceareas.Securityisthesetofrulesthatmightbeappliedtotheidentification,authorization,andaccesscontrolofserviceconsumersinvokingservices.Transactionisthesetofattributesthatmightbeappliedtoagroupofservicestodeliveraconsistentresult.Forexample,ifagroupofthreeservicesaretobeusedtocompleteabusinessfunction,allmustcompleteornonemustcomplete.Managementisthesetofattributesthatmightbeappliedtomanagingtheservicesprovidedorconsumed.Acloserlookatservice-orienSOAcollaborationsThefollowingfigureshowsthecollaborationsinaservice-orientedarchitecture.Thecollaborationsfollowsthe“find,bindandinvoke”paradigm.Aserviceconsumerperformsdynamicservicelocationbyqueryingtheserviceregistryforaservicethatmatchesitscriteria.Iftheserviceexists,theregistryprovidestheconsumerwiththeinterfacecontractandtheendpointaddressfortheservice.SOAcollaborationsThefollowinSOAcollaborationsTherolesinaservice-orientedarchitectureare:Serviceconsumer:Theserviceconsumerisanapplication,asoftwaremoduleoranotherservicethatrequiresaservice.Itinitiatestheenquiryoftheserviceintheregistry,bindstotheserviceoveratransport,andexecutestheservicefunction.Theserviceconsumerexecutestheserviceaccordingtotheinterfacecontract.Serviceprovider:Theserviceproviderisanetwork-addressableentitythatacceptsandexecutesrequestsfromconsumers.Itpublishesitsservicesandinterfacecontracttotheserviceregistrysothattheserviceconsumercandiscoverandaccesstheservice.Serviceregistry:Aserviceregistryistheenablerforservicediscovery.Itcontainsarepositoryofavailableservicesandallowsforthelookupofserviceproviderinterfacestointerestedserviceconsumers.Eachentityintheservice-orientedarchitecturecanplayone(ormore)ofthethreerolesofserviceprovider,consumerandregistry.SOAcollaborationsTherolesinSOAcollaborationsTheoperationsinaservice-orientedarchitectureare:Publish:Tobeaccessible,aservicedescriptionmustbepublishedsothatitcanbediscoveredandinvokedbyaserviceconsumer.Find:Aservicerequestorlocatesaservicebyqueryingtheserviceregistryforaservicethatmeetsitscriteria.Bindandinvoke:Afterretrievingtheservicedescription,theserviceconsumerproceedstoinvoketheserviceaccordingtotheinformationintheservicedescription.Theartifactsinaservice-orientedarchitectureare:Service:Aservicethatismadeavailableforusethroughapublishedinterfacethatallowsittobeinvokedbytheserviceconsumer.Servicedescription:Aservicedescriptionspecifiesthewayaserviceconsumerwillinteractwiththeserviceprovider.Itspecifiestheformatoftherequestandresponsefromtheservice.Thisdescriptionmayspecifyasetofpreconditions,postconditionsand/orqualityofservice(QoS)levels.SOAcollaborationsTheoperatioSOAcollaborationsInadditiontodynamicservicediscoveryanddefinitionofaserviceinterfacecontract,aservice-orientedarchitecturehasthefollowingcharacteristics:Servicesareself-containedandmodular.Servicessupportinteroperability.Servicesarelooselycoupled.Servicesarelocation-transparent.Servicesarecompositemodules,comprisedofcomponents.Thesecharacteristicsarealsocentraltofulfillingtherequirementsforane-businessondemand?operationalenvironment.Finally,service-orientedarchitectureisnotanewnotion.SOAcollaborationsInadditionSponentsAserviceisacoarse-grainedprocessingunitthatconsumesandproducessetsofobjectspassed-by-value.Itisnotthesameasanobjectinprogramminglanguageterms.Instead,itisperhapsclosertotheconceptofabusinesstransactionsuchasaCICS?orIMS?transactionthantoaremoteCORBAobject.Aserviceconsistsofacollectionofcomponentsthatworkinconcerttodeliverthebusinessfunctionthattheservicerepresents.Thus,incomparison,componentsarefiner-grainedthanservices.Inaddition,whileaservicemapstoabusinessfunction,acomponenttypicallymapstobusinessentitiesandthebusinessrulesthatoperateonthem.Asanexample,letuslookatthePurchaseOrdercomponentmodelfortheWS-ISupplyChainManagementsample.SponentsAserviSponentsInacomponent-baseddesign,componentsarecreatedtocloselymatchbusinessentities(suchasCustomer,PurchaseOrder,OrderItem)andencapsulatethebehaviorthatmatchestheentities’expectedbehavior.PurchaseOrdercomponentprovidesfunctionstoobtaininformationaboutthelistofproductsorderedandthetotalamountoftheorderItemcomponentprovidesfunctionstoobtaininformationaboutthequantityandpriceoftheproductordered.Inaservice-orienteddesign,servicesarenotdesignedbasedonbusinessentities.Instead,eachserviceisaholisticunitthatmanagesoperationsacrossasetofbusinessentities.Forexample,acustomerservicewillrespondtoanyrequestfromanyothersystemorservicethatneedstoaccesscustomerinformation.Thecustomerservicecanprocessarequesttoupdatecustomerinformation;add,update,deleteinvestmentportfolios;andenquireaboutthecustomer’sorderhistory.Thecustomerserviceownsallthedatarelatedtothecustomersitismanagingandiscapableofmakingotherserviceinquiriesonbehalfofthecallingpartyinordertoprovideaunifiedcustomerserviceview.Thismeansaserviceisamanagerobjectthatcreatesandmanagesitssetcomponents.SponentsInacoService-orientedarchitecturebenefitsWithaservice-orientedarchitecture,wecanrealizeseveralbenefitstohelporganizationssucceedinthedynamicbusinesslandscapeoftoday:Leverageexistingassets.Easiertointegrateandmanagecomplexity.Moreresponsiveandfastertime-to-market.Reducecostandincreasereuse.Bereadyforwhatliesahead.Service-orientedarchitectureisbynomeansasilverbullet,andmigrationtoSOAisnotaneasytask.Ratherthanmigratingthewholeenterprisetoaservice-orientedarchitectureovernight,therecommendedapproachistomigrateanappropriatesubsetofbusinessfunctionsasthebusinessneedarisesorisanticipated.Service-orientedarchitectureSOA的疑問在我的系統中,所有的功能都包裝成了Web
Service,現在我的系統是否就是SOA架構了?協議獨立、位置透明、松散耦合高度動態性SOA的疑問在我的系統中,所有的功能都包裝成了WebSerSOA的疑問Services與
Components的差異是什么?問題域vs.解決域集成方式我們的機遇SOA的疑問Services與Components的差異863計劃信息技術領域
2007年度專題課題申請指南(節選)專題一:智能感知與先進計算技術專題WhatisSoftwareArchitecture探索導向類課題8.服務計算技術主要研究內容(可從以下內容中選擇其一申請課題):(1)服務描述與發現、可信的服務資源組織與管理;(2)可靠的服務組合方法與驗證;(3)動態的服務組合。說明與要求:要求完成相應的軟件原型系統;獲得軟件著作權和申請專利,或以開放源碼形式發布。863計劃信息技術領域
2007年度專題課題申請指南(節選)ClassicSOALayersClassicSOALayers企業級應用系統體系架構SOA概述課件企業級應用系統體系架構SOA概述課件企業級應用系統體系架構SOA概述課件ModelsofSOADJBI(JavaBusinessIntegration)2005.8JSR208為JBI組件(包括服務引擎和綁定組件)的開發者建立一套標準的服務提供者接口SPI。抽象的協議無關的消息交換和規格化消息。提供一套標準的JBI組件間消息交換機制。建立一個標準來封裝JBI組件,并為這些組件部署服務。定義一些管理監控掛鉤(hooks),用于以后開發針對各種特定問題域的標準工具。提供服務引擎和綁定組件實現的復雜性和多樣性。允許不同的供應商發布JBI組件,這些組件之間能夠可靠地互操作,由這些組件(在JBI基礎設施之上)構建的系統可以集中管理。28ModelsofSOADJBI(JavaBusinesModelsofSOADJBI(JavaBusinessIntegration)29ModelsofSOADJBI(JavaBusinesModelsofSOADSCA(ServiceComponentArchitecture)/SDO(ServiceDataObject)SCA定義了如何創建服務組件以及如何將服務組件組裝成業務解決方案的通用方法。SCA由一系列規范組成,包括說明如何用某種具體語言(如Java、C++、Spring、BPEL等)實現業務服務組件的組件實現(ComponentImplementation)規范;如何定義組合服務組件結構的裝配(Assembly)模型;如何使用各種訪問方法(如Webservices、JMS、RMI-IIOP、REST等)的綁定(Binding)規范;如何將基礎設施服務(如安全、事務、可靠消息等)加到解決方案的策略框架(PolicyFramework)SDO(ServiceDataObject)提供了一種通用的數據編程架構和API,SCA組件可以通過傳遞服務數據對象來交換數據。SDO體系結構中的基本概念主要有數據對象(DataObject)、數據圖(datagraph)和數據訪問服務DAS(DataAccessServices)。30ModelsofSOADSCA(ServiceCompModelsofSOADSCA(ServiceComponentArchitecture)/SDO(ServiceDataObject)31ModelsofSOADSCA(ServiceCompModelsofSOADWindowsServer2003+.NETFramework3.0+BizTalkServer2006R2BizTalkServerMessageroutingMessagevalidationMessagetransformation)CentralizedexceptionmanagementExtensibleadapterframeworkServiceorchestrationBusinessrulesengineBusinessactivitymonitoring32ModelsofSOADWindowsServer2ModelsofSOADWindowsServer2003+.NETFramework3.0+BizTalkServer2006R233ModelsofSOADWindowsServer2TypicalSOAAPPLICATIONS34TypicalSOAAPPLICATIONS34EndTobecontinued35EndTobecontinued35企業級應用系統體系架構(八)
SOA概述ChenHaopengTuesday,November22,2022References:IBMRedbook:PatternsServiceOrientedArchitectureandWebServices36企業級應用系統體系架構(八)
SOAThebusinessdriversforanewapproachWhileITexecutiveshavebeenfacingthechallengeofcuttingcostsmaximizingtheutilizationofexistingtechnologyAtthesametimetheyhavetocontinuouslystrivetoservecustomersbetterbemorecompetitivebemoreresponsivetothebusiness’sstrategicpriorities.Therearetwounderlyingthemesbehindallofthesepressures:HeterogeneityandchangeThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachHeterogeneity
Mostenterprisestodaycontainarangeofdifferentsystems,applications,andarchitecturesofdifferentagesandtechnologies.Integratingproductsfrommultiplevendorsandacrossdifferentplatformswerealmostalwaysanightmare.Butwealsocannotaffordtotakeasingle-vendorapproachtoIT,becauseapplicationsuitesandthesupportinginfrastructurearesoinflexible.ChangeGlobalizationande-businessareacceleratingthepaceofchange.Improvementsintechnologycontinuetoaccelerate,feedingtheincreasedpaceofchangingcustomerrequirements.ThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachAsaresult,businessorganizationsareevolvingfromthevertical,isolatedbusinessdivisionsofthe1980’sandearliertothehorizontalbusiness-process-focusedstructuresofthe1980’sand1990’stowardsthenewecosystembusinessparadigm.Businessservicesnowneedtobecomponentizedanddistributed.Thereisafocusontheextendedsupplychain,enablingcustomerandpartneraccesstobusinessservices.ThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachQuestions:HowdoImakemyITenvironmentmoreflexibleandresponsivetotheeverchangingbusinessrequirements?Howcanwemakethoseheterogeneoussystemsandapplicationscommunicateasseamlesslyaspossible?Howcanweachievethebusinessobjectivewithoutbankruptingtheenterprise?CurrentlymanyITexecutivesandprofessionalsalikebelievethatnowwearegettingreallyclosetoprovidingasatisfactoryanswerwithservice-orientedarchitecture.ThebusinessdriversforanewThebusinessdriversforanewapproachInordertoalleviatetheproblemsofheterogeneity,interoperabilityandeverchangingrequirements,suchanarchitectureshouldprovideaplatformforbuildingapplicationserviceswiththefollowingcharacteristics:LooselycoupledLocationtransparentProtocolindependentBasedonsuchaservice-orientedarchitecture,aserviceconsumerdoesnotevenhavetocareaboutaparticularserviceitiscommunicatingwithbecausetheunderlyinginfrastructure,orservice“bus”,willmakeanappropriatechoiceonbehalfoftheconsumer.Theinfrastructurehidesasmanytechnicalitiesaspossiblefromarequestor.ParticularlytechnicalspecificitiesfromdifferentimplementationtechnologiessuchasJ2EEor.NETshouldnotaffecttheSOAusers.Weshouldalsobeabletoreconsiderandsubstitutea“better”serviceimplementationifoneisavailable,andwithbetterqualityofservicecharacteristics.ThebusinessdriversforanewService-orienteddesignimportantservice-orientedterminology:Services:Logicalentities,thecontractsdefinedbyoneormorepublishedinterfaces.Serviceprovider:Thesoftwareentitythatimplementsaservicespecification.Serviceconsumer(orrequestor):Thesoftwareentitythatcallsaserviceprovider.Traditionally,thisistermeda“client”.Aserviceconsumercanbeanend-userapplicationoranotherservice.Servicelocator:Aspecifickindofserviceproviderthatactsasaregistryandallowsforthelookupofserviceproviderinterfacesandservicelocations.Servicebroker:Aspecifickindofserviceproviderthatcanpassonservicerequeststooneormoreadditionalserviceproviders.Service-orienteddesignimportaInterface-baseddesignInbothcomponentandservicedevelopment,thedesignoftheinterfacesisdonesuchthatasoftwareentityimplementsandexposesakeypartofitsdefinition.Therefore,thenotionandconceptof“interface”iskeytosuccessfuldesigninbothcomponent-basedandservice-orientedsystems.Thefollowingaresomekeyinterface-relateddefinitions:Interface:Definesasetofpublicmethodsignatures,logicallygroupedbutprovidingnoimplementation.Aninterfacedefinesacontractbetweentherequestorandproviderofaservice.Anyimplementationofaninterfacemustprovideallmethods.Publishedinterface:Aninterfacethatisuniquelyidentifiableandmadeavailablethrougharegistryforclientstodynamicallydiscover.Publicinterface:Aninterfacethatisavailableforclientstousebutisnotpublished,thusrequiringstaticknowledgeonthepartoftheclient.Dualinterface:Frequentlyinterfacesaredevelopedaspairssuchthatoneinterfacedependsonanother;forexample,aclientmustimplementaninterfacetocallarequestorbecausetheclientinterfaceprovidessomecallbackmechanism.Interface-baseddesignInbothInterface-baseddesignThefollowingfigureshowstheUMLdefinitionofacustomerrelationshipmanagement(CRM)service,representedasaUMLcomponent,thatimplementstheinterfacesAccountManagement,ContactManagement,andSystemsManagement.Onlythefirsttwoofthesearepublishedinterfaces,althoughthelatterisapublicinterface.NotethattheSystemsManagementinterfaceandManagementServiceinterfaceformadualinterface.Interface-baseddesignThefollLayeredapplicationarchitecturesObject-orientedtechnologyandlanguagesaregreatwaystoimplementcomponents.Whilecomponentsarethebestwaytoimplementservices,thoughonehastounderstandthatagoodcomponent-basedapplicationdoesnotnecessarilymakeangoodservice-orientedapplication.Theterm“theapplicationedge”reflectsthefactthataserviceisagreatwaytoexposeanexternalviewofasystem,withinternalreuseandcompositionusingtraditionalcomponentdesign.LayeredapplicationarchitectuAcloserlookatservice-orientedarchitectureService-orientedarchitecturepresentsanapproachforbuildingdistributedsystemsthatdeliverapplicationfunctionalityasservicestoeitherend-userapplicationsorotherservices.Itiscomprisedofelementsthatcanbecategorizedintofunctionalandqualityofservice.Acloserlookatservice-orienAcloserlookatservice-orientedarchitectureFunctionalaspectsinclude:Transportisthemechanismusedtomoveservicerequestsfromtheserviceconsumertotheserviceprovider,andserviceresponsesfromtheserviceprovidertotheserviceconsumer.ServiceCommunicationProtocolisanagreedmechanismthattheserviceproviderandtheserviceconsumerusetocommunicatewhatisbeingrequestedandwhatisbeingreturned.ServiceDescriptionisanagreedschemafordescribingwhattheserviceis,howitshouldbeinvoked,andwhatdataisrequiredtoinvoketheservicesuccessfully.Servicedescribesanactualservicethatismadeavailableforuse.BusinessProcessisacollectionofservices,invokedinaparticularsequencewithaparticularsetofrules,tomeetabusinessrequirement.Notethatabusinessprocesscouldbeconsideredaserviceinitsownright,whichleadstotheideathatbusinessprocessesmaybecomposedofservicesofdifferentgranularities.TheServiceRegistryisarepositoryofserviceanddatadescriptionswhichmaybeusedbyserviceproviderstopublishtheirservices,andserviceconsumerstodiscoverorfindavailableservices.Theserviceregistrymayprovideotherfunctionstoservicesthatrequireacentralizedrepository.Acloserlookatservice-orienAcloserlookatservice-orientedarchitectureQualityofserviceaspectsinclude:Policyisasetofconditionsorrulesunderwhichaserviceprovidermakestheserviceavailabletoconsumers.Thereareaspectsofpolicywhicharefunctional,andaspectswhichrelatetoqualityofservice;thereforewehavethepolicyfunctioninbothfunctionalandqualityofserviceareas.Securityisthesetofrulesthatmightbeappliedtotheidentification,authorization,andaccesscontrolofserviceconsumersinvokingservices.Transactionisthesetofattributesthatmightbeappliedtoagroupofservicestodeliveraconsistentresult.Forexample,ifagroupofthreeservicesaretobeusedtocompleteabusinessfunction,allmustcompleteornonemustcomplete.Managementisthesetofattributesthatmightbeappliedtomanagingtheservicesprovidedorconsumed.Acloserlookatservice-orienSOAcollaborationsThefollowingfigureshowsthecollaborationsinaservice-orientedarchitecture.Thecollaborationsfollowsthe“find,bindandinvoke”paradigm.Aserviceconsumerperformsdynamicservicelocationbyqueryingtheserviceregistryforaservicethatmatchesitscriteria.Iftheserviceexists,theregistryprovidestheconsumerwiththeinterfacecontractandtheendpointaddressfortheservice.SOAcollaborationsThefollowinSOAcollaborationsTherolesinaservice-orientedarchitectureare:Serviceconsumer:Theserviceconsumerisanapplication,asoftwaremoduleoranotherservicethatrequiresaservice.Itinitiatestheenquiryoftheserviceintheregistry,bindstotheserviceoveratransport,andexecutestheservicefunction.Theserviceconsumerexecutestheserviceaccordingtotheinterfacecontract.Serviceprovider:Theserviceproviderisanetwork-addressableentitythatacceptsandexecutesrequestsfromconsumers.Itpublishesitsservicesandinterfacecontracttotheserviceregistrysothattheserviceconsumercandiscoverandaccesstheservice.Serviceregistry:Aserviceregistryistheenablerforservicediscovery.Itcontainsarepositoryofavailab
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