第四章非謂語動詞

一、不定式1．不定式作主語不定式可直接放在句首作主語。有時也用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子結構的平衡。【例1】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A．Study B．BeingstudiedC．Studied D．Tostudy答案D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A．tobeinvited B．invitingC．beinginvited D．toinvite答案A【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A．water B．havingwateredC．towater D．watered答案C3．不定式作賓語英語中有些動詞常跟不定式作賓語。這類動詞有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。【例5】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A．havingmet B．meetingC．tomeet D．tohavemet答案C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A．doingB．todoC．doneD．tobedoing答案D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A．tobeheard B．tohearC．beingheard D．hearing答案A4．不定式作賓補(1)有些動詞(短語)后面常接帶to的不定式作賓補。這類動詞有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等動詞后不能接sb.todosth.結構。【例9】Myparentshavealwaysmademe________aboutmyself，evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwell B．feelinggoodC．feelwell D．feelgood答案D(2)不定式作定語，與被修飾的中心詞之間常表現為主謂關系或動賓關系。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主謂關系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(動賓關系)6．不定式作狀語(1)作原因狀語。不定式常可跟在某些形容詞或動詞后面作原因狀語。【例12】Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition. A．finding B．tofindC．find D．tobefind答案B(2)作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但為了加強語氣，也可用“soastodo”或“inordertodo”結構作目的狀語。inorderto既可放在句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般不置于句首。【例13】WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.

A．buy B．tobuyC．buying D．tohavebought答案B【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A．Inordertonot B．InordernottoC．Tonot D．Soasnotto答案B(3)作結果狀語。具體形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意為“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋todo意為“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的結果。【例15】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping?A．trying B．intryingC．totry D．andtry答案C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A．findingB．foundC．tofindD．find答案C【例17】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositinC．sittingin D．forsittingdown答案B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A．tobedone B．todoC．todoit D．ofdoing答案B7．“疑問詞＋不定式”結構此結構相當于名詞的功能，即作主語、賓語、表語等成分。不定式一般只用主動式不用被動式。疑問詞須作不定式的相應成分。【例19】—It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact. A．howB．whoC．whatD．where答案A8．不定式的時態和語態不定式的時態變化往往是相對于謂語動詞而言的，如果不定式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的語態變化往往針對其邏輯主語而言，如果不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者，用不定式的被動式。【例22】ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace. A．breaking B．havingbrokenC．tohavebroken D．tobreak答案C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary. A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired答案D【例24】Inmymind，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld-classwriter.A．attending B．attendedC．attend D．havingattended答案A【例25】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A．talk B．totalkC．talking D．talked答案C2．動名詞作賓語(1)有些動詞(短語)后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。常見的后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，can'thelp(情不自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等。【例26】Hedidn'tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A．reading；practisingwritingB．reading；practisingtowriteC．reading；topractisewritingD．toread；practisingtowrite答案A【例28】Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch答案C(2)在havedifficulty(trouble，aproblem，ahardtime，fun，agoodtime)(in)＋動名詞；bebusy(in)＋動名詞；wastetime(in)＋動名詞；thereisnopoint(in)＋動名詞等結構中，動名詞作介詞in的賓語，in常可省。【例29】Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant. (2010·上海)A．findB．foundC．tofindD．finding答案D【例30】—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A．totake B．takingC．nottotake D．nottaking答案D三、分詞分詞在句中可用作表語、定語、補語、狀語等。1．分詞作表語分詞作表語具有形容詞的功能，說明主語的性質或特征。現在分詞表示主語與分詞之間存在邏輯上的主動關系，意為“令人……的”，主語通常是物；過去分詞表示主語與分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關系，意為“感到……的”，主語通常是人。【例31】Thiscomputergamewas________andthechildrenwere________init.A．interesting；interesting B．interested；interestedC．interesting；interested D．interested；interesting答案C【例32】Shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself，buthervoicestillsounded________.A．excitement B．excitedC．exciting D．excitedly答案B2．分詞作定語現在分詞作定語既可放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可放在所修飾的詞之后，相當于一個定語從句。過去分詞作定語時，一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當于一個定語從句。【例33】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday'sChinaDaily. (2010·北京)A．advertised B．tobeadvertisedC．advertising D．havingadvertised答案A【例34】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat. (2010·浙江)A．beingweighed B．toweighC．weighed D．weighing答案D3．分詞作賓補常跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。【例35】Alexandertriedtogethiswork________inthemedicalcircles. A．torecognize B．recognizingC．recognize D．recognized答案D4．分詞作狀語分詞可作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、結果狀語等。【例36】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock，________suppliestoYushu，QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010·福建)A．sending B．tosendC．havingsent D．tohavesent答案A四、難點速通難點1：不定式to后的內容省略的問題為了避免重復，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，beglad/happy等后面必須有to，但to后面的動詞常省略。但如果to后是be或have時不省。【例37】—Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?—________verymuch.A．I'llliketo B．I'dliketoC．I'dlike D．I'lllikeit答案B【例38】—Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?—No，theydidn't，butIthinkIoughtto________.A．/B．beC．haveD．havebeen答案D難點2：with復合結構“with＋賓語＋非謂語動詞”是一種特殊的結構，可以在句中作定語或狀語。【例39】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecookedA．laid B．layingC．tolay D．beinglaid答案A難點3：remember，forget，regret后接動名詞和不定式的區別后接動名詞表示先于謂語動詞的動作；后接不定式表示后于謂語動詞的動作。【例40】—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh，Iforgot________.A．turningitoff B．turnitoffC．toturnitoff D．havingturneditoff答案C【例41】Haveyouforgotten________arulerfromMike?Pleaseremember________ittohimtomorrow.A．borrowing；toreturn B．borrowing；returningC．toborrow；toreturn D．toborrow；returning答案A【例42】—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—Yes，Iregret________withhim.A．quarrelling B．quarreledC．toquarrel D．havequarreled答案A難點4：want，need，require和deserve后接動名詞和不定式的用法當它們后面所接的動詞與句子的主語是動賓關系時，用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式。【例43】Ineed________therebybike，butsomethingiswrongwithmybike.Itneeds________.A．going；beingrepaired B．togo；repairingC．togo；torepair D．go；toberepaired答案B【例44】Hedeserves________.A．promoted B．promoteC．tobepromoted D．topromote答案C難點5：在try，stop，mean，goon，can'thelp后，用動名詞和不定式所表達的含義不同(1)trydoingsth.試著做某事；trytodosth.努力做某事(2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下來做某事(3)meandoingsth.意味著做某事；meantodosth.打算做某事(4)goondoingsth.繼續做某事(即：再做原來做著的那件事)；goontodosth.接著做另一件事(即：做與原來不同的一件事)(5)can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事；can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事【例45】Try________atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.A．knock B．toknockC．knocking D．tobeknocking答案C【例46】Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped________onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A．tohaverested B．restingC．torest D．rest答案C【例47】—TobuytheIBMPC686means___