書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-蘭州現代職業學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

我們不能肯定什么是“智力”,也不能肯定智力表達什么。但這一事實并不妨礙我們認為智力是一種非常有用的概念,也不妨礙我們對智力測驗給予相當程度的信賴。在一次智力測驗中,我們取樣測驗一個人解決各種各樣難題和問題的能力。如果我們取了代表性樣本,就可以成功地預測此人在各種職業中將獲得何種程度的成就。

英國議會1944年通過的教育法案使普及中等教育成為法律條文。除少數獨立基金學校以外,中等學校將對全民開放。由于全國中等學校的數目最多能容納11歲以上兒童總數的25%左右,所以只好做某種選拔。嚴格的學術性考試和測驗被認為對那些在高質量小學就讀和家庭學術氣氛濃厚的兒童很有利。因此,智力測驗被設計出來,以抵消這種狹隘的專業化教學內容,其方法是引入一些并非以書本知識為基礎的問題。換言之,智力測驗主要通過給兒童提供一些在其能力與理解力范圍內的不同真實情景,嘗試評價兒童思考、推理、判斷、分析和綜合的總體能力。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.

【答案】Thefactthatwearenotsurewhat"intelligence"is,norwhatispassedon,doesnotpreventusfromfindingitaveryusefulworkingconcept,andplacingacertainamountofrelianceontestswhichmeasureit.Inanintelligencetestwetakeasampleofanindividual'sabilitytosolvepuzzlesandproblemsofvariouskinds,andifwehavetakenarepresentativesample,itwillallowustopredictsuccessfullythelevelofperformancehewillreachinawidevarietyofoccupations.

Thisbecameofparticularimportancewhen,asaresultofthe1944EducationAct,secondaryschoolingforallbecamelaw,andgrammarschools,withtheexceptionofasmallnumberofindependentfoundationschools,becameavailabletothewholepopulation.Sincethenumberofgrammarschoolsinthecountrycouldaccommodateatmostapproximately25percentofthetotalchildpopulationofeleven-plus,somekindofselectionhadtobemade.Narrowlyacademicexaminationsandtestswerefelt,quiterightly,tobeheavilyweightedinfavourofchildrenwhohadhadtheadvantageofhighly-academicprimaryschoolsandacademicallybiasedhomes.Intelligencetestsweredevisedtocounteractthisnarrowspecialization,byintroducingproblemswhichwerenotbasedonspecificallyscholastically-acquiredknowledge.Theintelligencetestisanattempttoassessthegeneralabilityofanychildtothink,reason,judge,analyzeandsynthesizebypresentinghimwithsituations,bothverbalandpractical,whicharewithinhisrangeofcompetenceandunderstanding.

2.單選題

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

問題1選項

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：偵探看著嫌疑犯下了出租車，走進了街角的一家旅館。本句謂語動詞是watchedandsaw，橫線處是非謂語動詞，在這里指“看見他下出租車和進旅館”的整個過程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做（瞬間）”，watch/seesb.dosth.“看見某人做了某事（全過程）”，C選項getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合題意。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Trysomeofthiscake,whichI（）especiallyforyou.

問題1選項

A.boiled

B.baked

C.burned

D.roasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。boil“煮沸”；bake“烤，烘焙”；burn“燃燒，燒毀”；roast“烤”。句意：吃一點這種蛋糕吧，這是我特意為你烘焙的?？镜案庥胋ake,故B項正確。

4.單選題

Sincetheauthor’sunflatteringreferencestoherfriendswereso________,shewassurprisedthather______wererecognized.

問題1選項

A.laudatory...styles

B.obvious...anecdotes

C.oblique...allusions

D.critical...eulogies

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。laudatory“贊美的”；obvious“明顯的”；oblique“不光明正大的”；critical“批判的”。style“風格”；anecdote“軼事，奇聞”；allusion“暗示，提及”；eulogy“悼詞，頌詞”。句意：作者間接地指出了她的朋友們的不當之處，但是使她驚訝的是，這種暗示得到了大家的認可。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

ThehighestmountainpassinEuropeis______.

問題1選項

A.of2,473meters

B.at2,473metershigh

C.2,473highmeters

D.2,473metershigh

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。表示某物的長、高、寬時，英語中的表達是“名詞+be動詞+數量+形容詞”，故D項正確。A項為beof結構，后面一般跟抽象名詞，表示“某物/某人具有某種品質、性質或特點”；B項介詞at使用不正確；C項meters應該緊跟在數字后面。句意：歐洲最高的山脈海拔2473米。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

6.單選題

ResalepriceMaintenanceisthenameusedwhenaretaileriscompelledtosellatapricefixedbythemanufacturerinsteadofchoosingforhimselfhowmuchtoaddontothewholesalepricehepaysforhissupplies.Thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods,whichnowformaveryconsiderableproportionofconsumers’purchases,andithasledtoagreatdealofcontroversy.

Generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecial“image”inthemindsofpossiblepurchasers—animagemadeupofdielookofthearticle,itsuse,itspriceandeverythingelsewhichmightleadpurchaserstoaskforthatbrandratherthananyother.Ifaretailerisallowedtochoiceanypricehelikeshemayfinditworthwhiletosellonebrandat“cut”priceseventhoughthisinvolvesaloss,becausehehopestoattractcustomerstotheshopwheretheymaybepersuadedtobuymanyothertypesofgoodsathigherprices.Themanufacturerofthebrandthathasbeen“cut”fearsthattheretailermaybetemptedtoreducetheservicesonthisarticle;butevenifhedoesnotthereisadanger;thatthecustomerbecomesunsettled,andisunwillingtopaythe“standard”priceofthearticlebecausehefeelsthatheisbeing“done”.Thismay,andindeedoftendoes,affectthereputationofthemanufacturerandlosehimhismarketinthelongrun.

Itissometimessaidalsothatthehousewife—whoistheprincipalbuyerofmostofthesegoods—prefersafixedpricebecausesheknowswheresheisandissavedthebotherofgoingfromshoptoshopinsearchoflowerprices.Ifoneshopcutallthepricesofitsbandedgoodsshewouldundoubtedlyhaveanadvantageinshoppingthere.Butthisdoesnothappen.Astoreusuallythepriceofoneortwoofitsarticleswhichactasadecoyandmakesupitslossesonothers,andchangesthecut-pricearticlesfromweektoweeksoastoattractdifferentgroupsofcustomers.Andsothehousewifemayfeelratherguiltyifshedoesnotspendtimetrackingdownthecheapergoods.Howfarthisistrueisamatteroftemperamentanditisimpossibletoestimatewhatproportionifpurchaserspreferapricethattheycanrelyonwherevertheychoosetobuyandwhatproportionenjoythechallengeinvolvedinfindingthestorethatoffersthemabargain.

ThosewhoopposeResalePriceMaintenance,ontheotherhand,pointoutthattherearenowagreatmanydifferentchannelsofdistribution—chainstores,departmentstores,cooperativestores,independentorunitshops,supermarkets,mail-orderhouses,andsoon.Itwouldbeabsurdtoassumethatallofthemprice?Iftheywereallowedtochooseforthemselves,themoreefficientretailerswouldsellatlowerpricesandconsumerswouldbenefit.Asitis,theretailpricemustbesufficienttocoverthecostsoftheefficientavenuesofdistributionandthismeanstheothersmakeabiggerprofitthannecessaryattheexpenseofthepublic.Thesupportersofthefixespricearguethatthisisonlyhalfthestory.Theefficienttradercanstillcompetewithoutloweringhisprices.Hecanofferbetterservice—longcredit,orquickdeliveryorapleasantshopdecororhelpfulassistants—andcandothiswithoutimperilingthelong-terminterestsofthemanufacturer.

1.Manufacturersopposeretailerscuttingpricesontheirgoodsmainlybecausetheythink（）.

2.Supportersofthefixedpriceboldthatanefficienttradercanstillmakemoneywithoutloweringpricesby（）.

3.Bysaying“Hefeelsthatheisbeing‘done’,theauthormeansthatcustomerthinks（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thesentence“Sheknowswheresheis"inthethirdparagraphcanbeparaphrasedas（）

問題1選項

A.retailersmayeventuallystopsellingtheirproducts

B.itmayreducecustomersconfidenceintheirproducts

C.customersmayfeeluneasywhenpricesvary

D.itmaysometimesleadtopoorservice

問題2選項

A.allowingcustomerstimetopay

B.hiringassistantsforlonghoursandlowwages

C.advertisingformoreeffectively

D.establishinglong-termrelationswithmanufacturers

問題3選項

A.someoneisdespisinghim

B.someoneismaltreatinghim

C.someoneisblackmailinghim

D.someoneischeatinghim

問題4選項

A.Goodserviceotherthanpriceisimportantinattractingcustomers

B.AnarticlewithoutabrandnameisnotsubjecttoResalePriceMaintenance

C.Manufacturersattempttoinfluencepossiblepurchasersbymakingtheirproductseasytoidentity.

D.Housewivespreferfixedpricesbecausefixedpricesaremuchlesslikelytofluctuate.

問題5選項

A.Sheknowsherplace

B.Sheknowsherstuff

C.Shefeelssecure

D.Shefeelsintoxicated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第二段第三句話Themanufacturerofthebrandthathasbeen‘cut’fearsthattheretailermaybetemptedtoreducetheservicesonthisarticle,生產商擔心那個商品降價會導致零售商降低對該商品顧客的服務，所以選項D符合題意。

第2題:文章最后一段最后一句話Hecanofferbetterservice—longcredit,orquickdeliveryorapleasantshopdecororhelpfulassistants，零售商為顧客提供更優質的服務，比如延長支付時間，快速送貨或者把店面裝飾得很漂亮，或者找一些有用的助手，選項A符合題意。

第3題:sb.isbeingdone“某人被欺騙”，所以選項D符合題意。

第4題:文章第一段提到thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods，這種做法是跟品牌貨物相連的，所以可以推論不是名牌的商品不受固定價格的約束，所以選項B排除；第二段generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecialimageinthemindsofpossiblepurchasers…，生廠商希望在潛在的顧客心中塑造一個特別的形象，所以選項C排除；第三段itissometimessaidalsothatthehousewifewhoistheprincipalbuyerofmostofthesegoodsprefers…，家庭主婦們會感到安全，避免為了尋找更低的價格從一家商店跑到另一家，所以選項D排除。因此選項A符合題意。

第5題:根據上下文可知家庭主婦喜歡固定的價格是因為這樣可以不用在不同商店之間來回比價格，并且還說到如果沒有去價格更便宜的商店買東西，她們會感到懊惱，所以可以判斷sheknowswheresheis是感到安全的意思。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Johnsaidthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability.

問題1選項

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.scope（做或實現某事的）機會，能力；（題目、組織、活動等的）范圍B.space（可利用的）空地，空間

C.capacity容量；容積；容納能力D.range（變動或浮動的）范圍，界限

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據關鍵詞organizingability（組織能力）可知，enough______指的是“（發揮組織能力的）足夠空間”，而scope是指實現某事或者做某事的機會或能力，符合句意，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B項牛津釋義是anamountofanareaorofaplacethatisemptyorthatisavailableforuse（空的或可供使用的區域或地方），不符合句意；

C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】約翰說他目前的工作不能為他的組織能力提供足夠的施展空間。

8.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

1.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat______.

2.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______.

3.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(line1,inparagraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat______.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearcherholdthat______.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’______.

問題1選項

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問題2選項

A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thenumberoflargepredatordroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

問題3選項

A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

B.thencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

D.thedatecollectedsofarareoutofdate

問題4選項

A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime

B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel

D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation

問題5選項

A.managementefficiency

B.biomasslevel

C.catch-sizelimits

D.technologicalapplication

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節推斷題。題干意思是“大型史前動物的滅絕暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans（現在類似的事情可能正在海洋中發生），由此推斷，文中提到史前動物的滅絕是暗示海洋生物也會面臨同樣的問題。A項“大型動物很容易受到環境的影響”，B項“小物種幸存下來而大物種消失了”和D項“生長緩慢的魚比生長迅速的魚更長壽”都不是大型動物滅絕暗示的現象，所以該題C項正確。

2.【試題解析】細節推斷題。題干意思是“我們從Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’s的論文中可以推測出什么？”。根據本題關鍵詞“Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper”定位到本文第二段最后一句AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen（根據他們在《自然》雜志上發表的最新論文，在新漁場開始捕撈的15年內，大型捕食動物（殺死并吃掉其他動物的動物）的生物量平均減少了80%。在一些長期捕魚的地區，從那時起，它又減少了一半），由此推斷，文中提到大型捕食動物平均減少80%，所以可以推測出在一些老的漁場，已經減少了90%。B項“這里的漁場數量只有15年前的一半”說法錯誤，文中沒有漁場數量15年之間的對比；C項“新漁場的漁獲量只有原來的20%”說法錯誤，是指平均下降80%，沒有說就只有20%，該說法過于絕對；D項“新漁場的大型捕食者的數量比舊漁場下降得更快”說法錯誤，根據第二段最后一句可知，應該是舊漁場下降得更快。所以該題A項正確。

3.【試題解析】細節事實題。題干意思是“通過說這些數字是保守的（第三段第一行），Worm博士的意思是？”。根據本題直接定位到本文第三段第四句Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes（這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈，所以現在和過去之間的真正差異可能比捕撈規模變化所記錄的更糟糕），由此可知因為科技的進步給捕魚帶來的巨大的方便，但是這些數字是保守估計是因為海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞。A項“捕魚技術進步很快”是給捕魚帶來了方便，但不符合本題題意；B項“捕魚量實際上比記錄的要小”該說法沒有原文依據，原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞；D項“到目前為止收集到的日期已經過時了”與本題無關。所以該題C項正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“邁爾斯博士和其他研究人員認為？”。根據本題關鍵詞“Dr.Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount（邁爾斯和沃姆博士認為，他們的工作給出了一個正確的基線，未來的管理工作必須加以考慮），由此可知應該要調整捕魚的基線來改變當前的狀態。A項“人們應該尋找一個長期不起作用的基準”說法錯誤，是要尋找一個有效的基線；B項“漁業應將產量保持在生物量的50%以下”，該說法錯誤，根據倒數第二句可知應當是保持在50%，而不是50%之下；C項“海洋生物量應該恢復到原來的水平”說法不全面，是要恢復到原始水平的50%。所以該題D項正確。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者似乎主要關注大多數漁業的什么？”。A項“管理效率”；B項“生物量水平”；C項“捕獲的大小限制”；D項“技術應用”。整篇文章都是圍繞海洋生物的量展開的，而且文章中反復出現了“biomass”，所以可知，作者大多關注海洋生物總量的變化。所以該題B項正確。

9.單選題

Whenitcomestothetruthofthecase,his（）answeris“nocomment”.

問題1選項

A.invariable

B.investigative

C.invalid

D.invasive

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。invariable不變的,

始終如一的；investigative調查研究的；invalid無效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：說到案件的真相,

他始終如一的回答是“無可奉告”。選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

Thedoctors（）themedicinestothepeoplethefloodarea.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.packed

C.prayed

D.undertook

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項.distributed“分配，分開”。B選項packed“損失，代價”。C選項prayed“祈禱”。D選項undertook“保證，承擔”。句意：醫生們把藥品分發給水災地區的人們。因此A選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Ingeneral,theeffectsofradiationcanbedividedintothosewhichaffecttheindividualsexposedandthosewhichaffecttheir（）.

問題1選項

A.succession

B.descendants

C.descent

D.successors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項succession“繼任，繼承”；B選項descendant“后代，晚輩”；C選項descent“下降，血統，襲擊”；D選項successor“繼承人”。根據individual可知，空格處應填入某一或某類人物，故A、C選項不符合題意，排除。successor一般是說某個家庭的繼承人，而descendant泛指人類的子孫后代，所以本題選B更加貼切。句意：總的來說，輻射的危害可以分為對輻射接收者本人的影響以及對其子孫后代的影響。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

12.單選題

Werealizedthathewasundergreat（）,sowetooknonoticeofhisbadtemper.

問題1選項

A.excitement

B.stress

C.crisis

D.nervousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項excitement“興奮”；B選項stress“壓力”；C選項crisis“危機”；D選項nervousness“緊張”。句意：我們知道他壓力很大，所以我們沒在意他的壞脾氣。A，C，D都不能與under搭配，只有undergreatstress為固定搭配，表示“在巨大的壓力下”。因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesintheschemeproposed,but（）Ithinkweshouldbenefitbyadoptingit.

問題1選項

A.inbalance

B.offbalance

C.onbalance

D.outofbalance

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定結構。inbalance“保持”；onbalance“總的來說”；outofbalance“失去平衡”。本句意為“總的來說，我認為采用它對我們有好處”，用“總的來說”順承“提出的方案有優點也有缺點”。C選項符合題意。

14.翻譯題

Mytopictodayis“TheCarandAirPollution.”Inparticular,Iwantfirstlytodiscussthewaysinwhichthecarcausesairpollution;andsecondly,howwecancontrolorreduceairpollutionfromthecar.

First,then,howdoesthecarcauseairpollution?1.Whathappensisthatthecar’sinternalcombustionengineisakindofchemicalfactoryonasmallscale.Itusesamixtureofpetrolandair,andthismixtureexplodesandburns,toproducetheenergywhichpropelsthecar.2.Butwhilethisishappening,manycomplicatedchemicalreactionsaretakingplace.Inparticular,partofthepetrol-airmixtureisnotcompletelyburnedup,andsotheexhaustgasesfromtheenginecontainsomeverydangerouschemicals,suchascarbonmonoxide,nitrogenoxides,leadandhydrocarbons.

Thisisthesituation,then,andit’sgoingtogetmuchworse,unlesswedosomethingaboutit.Solet’sfocusourattentionnowonwaysofcontrollingorreducingtheamountofairpollutioncausedbythecar.

First,wecandiscouragetheuseofcars.Forexample,wecanputhighertaxesonpetrol,andoncarsthemselves,especiallyonlargeronesthatusealotofpetrol.

3.Second,wecanencouragealternativemethodsoftransport,bothbetweenandwithinurbanareas.Forinstance,wecanmaketrainandbusservicescheaperandmoreconvenient.Andwecanbuildamasstransitsysteminlargecities,particularlyanundergroundrailwaysystem.

Next,wecanuseadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine.

Fourth,wecanreplacetheinternalcombustionenginewithotherdesigns.Thereareseveralpossibilitiesbeingresearchedatpresent,suchaselectric,gasturbine,and“steam”enginesgasturbine,andsteamengines.However,eachofthesedesignshasitsowndisadvantages.

4.Lastbutnottheleast,wearetryingtocontroltheemissionsfromtheinternalcombustionenginemuchmorestrictly.This,forexample,isacatalytic(催化式)converter,whichconvertsthemostdangerousingredientsofthecarexhaustintowaterandharmlessgases.

AsI’msureyoucansee,thereareproblemswitheachoftheseways;butatleastthey’reastepintherightdirection.Probablythebestanswerisasynthesisofallfive.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）汽車導致空氣污染是因為汽車內燃機實際上是一座小型化工廠。內燃機所用的燃料是汽油和空氣的混合物。這種混合物燃爆后產生驅動力。

（2）但是，汽油同空氣燃爆時，許多復雜的化學反應也同時發生。特別值得注意的是，汽油和空氣混合物不能完全燃燒，發動機產生的各種廢氣含有一些非常有害的化學物質。

（3）第二，我們可以鼓勵在城市內部和城市之間使用替代的交通工具。比如，我們可以使火車和公共汽車服務更加廉價和便利。我們可以在大城市建立公交系統，特別是地鐵系統。

（4）最后，我們正在嘗試更加嚴格地控制內燃機釋放的氣體。比如，催化式排氣凈化器，它將汽車廢氣中最危險的成分轉變成水和無害氣體。

15.單選題

ThepresentcontractisdoneinChineseandEnglish,bothtextsbeingequally（

）.

問題1選項

A.valid

B.warrant

C.ration

D.effect

【答案】A

【解析】valid正當的，合法的，有效的；warrant根據，證明，委任狀；ration定量，配給量；effect影響，效果，作用。句意：本合同有中英文兩個版本，它們具有同等效力。選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

EvenifyouhaveneverseenaJarmanfilmorpainting,orgarden,youcan______thepassionandgraceofhiswriting.

問題1選項

A.assess

B.pursue

C.savor

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.assess評估；評定

B.pursue追求；致力于

C.savor品味；體會D.testify（尤指出庭）作證；證明

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據關鍵信息thepassionandgraceofhiswriting（他作品中的激情和優雅）可知，空格處表示“品味，體會”符合句意，故該題選擇C項恰當。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意。

【句意】即使你從未看過賈曼的電影、繪畫或花園，你也能品味到他作品中的激情和優雅。

17.單選題

Themoreanation'scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

問題1選項

A.lie

B.locate

C.spot

D.stand

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個國家的企業在海外設廠越多，該國的出口記錄就會越小。locate為及物動詞，符合句意。其他選項做及物動詞時都和位置沒有關系。

18.單選題

Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical______.

問題1選項

A.facilities

B.appliances

C.instruments

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項facility“設施，設備”，指可供使用的設備或設施；B項appliance“器具，器械”，C項instrument“樂器，儀器”，D項equipment“裝備，設備”，多指成套的或重型的設備或裝備，不光包括電子設備，還包含相關的工具。根據關鍵詞housework“家務”可知，空格部分表示“家用電器”合適，B項最符合語境。句意：今天，家用電器使家務變得容易多了。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

19.單選題

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

問題1選項

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A項harmful“有害的”，B項helpful“有幫助的”，C項harmless“無害的”，D項harsh“嚴厲的，嚴酷的”。句意：人們發現這家工廠的廢物對環境有害。因此A項正確。

20.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountyhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“labormarketproblems”inlines1-2torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930’swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

問題1選項

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering?

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty?

C.Whichofthecurrentlyusedstatisticalproceduresarethebestforestimatingtheincidenceofhardshipthatisduetounemployment?

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities?

問題2選項

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

問題3選項

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930’s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問題4選項

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問題5選項

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段作者提出在很多方面，我們的社會統計夸大了失業的困苦程度。而在第二段又指出然而我們的社會統計也在很多方面低估了勞動力市場相關的困苦。文章主要是針對這倆方面進行分析。因此D項“社會統計如何就由低工資和不充足的雇傭機會導致的困苦程度給出一個不清楚的描寫”比較能概括文章大意。

第2題:判斷推理題。文章開頭提出:Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?(有多少人真的因為勞務市場問題而受苦？)。第二段又指出:Yet