沽源縣第一中學(xué)導(dǎo)學(xué)案模塊內(nèi)容：選修7編制人：周歡審核人：崔曉麗使用時間：年月日Book7Unit3Undertheseagrammar隨筆thePassiveVoiceof

—ingForm1、V-ing形式V-ing形式由“do＋ing〞構(gòu)成，其否認(rèn)形式是“notdoing〞,V-ing可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成V-ing短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。時態(tài) 語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式(not)doing(not)beingdone完成式(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone【注】一般式：表示這個被動的動作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生。完成式：強調(diào)這個被動的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前完成。2、動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)當(dāng)動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，就要用動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)。動詞-ing形式的被動語態(tài)和它的主動語態(tài)一樣，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語，但不能單獨作謂語。其完成式多在句中作狀語。3、動詞-ing形式的被動式的句法功能〔1〕用作主語E.g.①Beingkilledbysharksintheseaisacommonthing.②Beinghelpedoutbythekillerwhales,thewhalerswereabletomakesuccessfulkill.★______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(上海高考題2002)

A.Exposed

B.Havingexposed

C.Beingexposed

D.Afterbeingexposed〔2〕用作賓語E.g.①Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.②Irememberhavingbeentoldthestory.

V-ing形式既可作動詞的賓語,也可作介詞的賓語。★Thebirdescaped_____________________(catch).★Hewasafraidof_________________________(abandon)byus.【注意】在avoid,admit,appreciate,complete,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,insiston等后只接V-ing形式作賓語。〔3〕用作定語E.g.①Theproblembeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.②

Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourlibraryuponitscompletion.〔4〕用作狀語E.g.①Beingaskedtoanswerthequestion,shecouldn’trefuse.②

Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howwouldyounotvalueitatall?〔5〕用作表語E.g.Whatworriedthechildmostwasnotbeingallowedtovisithismotherinthehospital.〔6〕用作賓語補足語E.g.①You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywherenow.②Isawababybeingcaughtawaybytwomen.【練習(xí)】動詞-ing形式的被動式在各句中作什么成分?★Sobeingkilledbysharkswasacommonoccurrence.★Hedidn’tmindbeingleftathome.★Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.★Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.★Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?4、比擬①動詞-ing一般時和一般時的被動形式(1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.(2)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.②動詞-ing的完成時和完成時的被動形式(1)Havingheardthis,ourteacherexpressedhersatisfaction.(2)Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldn’tleave.【注意】1〕在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之后作賓語時，常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，也可以用不定式的被動形式來替換。

E.g.①Theflowersinthegardenwantwatering．=Theflowersinthegardenwanttobewatered．花園里的花需要澆水了。②Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干凈。2〕在〔be〕worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。E.g.Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提議值得考慮此句可轉(zhuǎn)換成：Hissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.Hissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered.3〕allow,advise,forbid,permit等動詞后直接跟所有格及動詞作賓語時，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，然后再跟賓語補足語〔即構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語〕，其賓語補足語用帶to的不定式。E.g.Idon’tallowhimtoswimhere.我不允許他在此地游泳。4〕V-ing可帶有自己的邏輯主語

一般情況下，句子的邏輯主語是句中的主語，但有時可有一個名詞或代詞表示邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。V-ing自己帶的邏輯主語有兩種形式：a〕在V-ing前加“物主代詞或名詞的所有格〞；b〕在V-ing前加“名詞的普通格或人稱代詞的賓格〞。兩者的區(qū)別是：前者為正式語體，后者多用于非正式語體，多見于口語和動名詞位于句中時。因此，在書面文體中，盡量用前者，不用后者；但在口語中使用后者更為自然。E.g.①Doyoumindmysmokingintheroom?你介意我在室內(nèi)吸煙嗎？②Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.會議結(jié)束后,我們都離開房間開車走了。

【即學(xué)即練】I.Choosetherightanswer.1.WhatmadeBillsoangry?___.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasn’tcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeptwaitingD.Beingkeptwaited2.Thebuilding___inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.builtB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt3.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch4.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded5.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching6._________thewholestory,Janedecidednottoseethefilm.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.BeentoldD.Telling7.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled8.Doyoumind_____aloneathome?A.Jane’sleavingBJane’shavingleftCJane’sbeingleftDJanetobeleft9.______toputonaperformance,MissGreencouldn'trefuseverywell.A.BeingaskedB.AskedC.AskD.Tobeasked10.Themissingboyswerelastseen___playingontheplayground.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Anydriver___alicenseoughttobepunished.A.doesn’thaveB.havingnotC.hasnotD.nothaving12.___theidiom,helookeditupinthedictionary.A.NotlearningB.NeverhavinglearnedC.HavingnotlearnedD.Havingneverlearned13.Doyoumind___aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft14.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled15.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneII.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1._____________________(ask)toputonperformance,sherefused.2.Hedisliked______________________(interrupt)inhisexperiment.3.______________________(give)suchagoodchance,youshouldcatchit.4.Ididn’tmind__________________(leave)athome.5.Thehousewants__________________(clean).6.Hecameinwithout___________________(ask).7._______________________(show)aroundthelibrary,weweretakentoseethelab.8.Ourneighborcamecloseto______________(kill)inatrafficaccidenttheotherday.9.Itmademeupsettohearthenewsofhis___________________________