書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-廣州鐵路職業技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.

Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,andingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.

Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.

Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.

Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression,whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorderinthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigatorstheoriesaboutmonkeys'socialbehavior?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto（

）.

6.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys

C.explainingthereasonsforresearchers'interestinmonkeys'socialbehavior

D.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys

問題2選項

A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.

C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-timeaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.

D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.

問題3選項

A.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators'theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Theysuggestedthatexistingtheoriesabouttheroleofaggressionamongmonkeysdidnotfullyaccountforthemonkeys'abilitytomaintainanestablishedsocialorder.

C.Theyconfirmedinvestigators*theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater

D.Theyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup

問題4選項

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup

C.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem

D.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratory

問題5選項

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanther

D.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack

問題6選項

A.Howdoesthereductionofspaceaffectintra-groupaggressionamongmonkeysinanexperimentalsetting?

B.Dofamilyunitswithinamonkeysocialgroupcompetewithotherfamilyunitsforfood?

C.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichthesocialorderofanestablishedgroupofmonkeyscontrolsaggressionwithinthatgroup?

D.Howdomonkeysengagedinaggressionwithothermonkeyssignalsubmission?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了猴群侵略和敵對行為的研究理論。根據文章第一句，即本文的中心和主旨句：Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.研究猴子的社會行為的人總是被猴子的攻擊潛力和因此而產生的對其攻擊行為的社會控制的需要所震驚。確定D選項‘探討研究人員關于猴子攻擊性理論的發展‘正確。

2.根據文章第三段：Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.在極端缺乏食物的情況下，對野生動物的研究同樣顯示，饑餓的猴子幾乎把所有可用的能量都用于覓食，幾乎沒有剩余的能量用于攻擊性的互動。‘fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression可知答案為D選項‘食物匱乏可能會暫時增加猴子的攻擊性，但也會導致沖突減少。’正確。

3.根據文中第三段However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.然而，當像Southwick關于減少空間或食物儲備的實驗沒有產生比群體內攻擊性暫時增加更多的結果時，激勵競爭的動機開始受到質疑。確定研究人員對Southwick’s的動機理論存在懷疑，而非涉及到社會秩序，所以A選項‘他們對研究人員的理論提出了質疑，這些理論可以解釋猴子被觀察到的攻擊模式‘正確。

4.根據文章最后一段，可知猴群是等級秩序很嚴格的，猴子特別注重猴群內的等級，猴群對于外來者，往往會產生敵對行為，而對于外來者來說，也是對猴群的威脅，C選項‘mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem’符合題意。

5.根據文章最后一段：Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.這些對入侵者的研究表明，同一物種的成年成員第一次相互介紹時表現出相當大的敵意，因為在缺乏社會秩序的情況下，必須建立一個人來控制動物間的關系。由此可知，此種行為是為了對動物內部行為進行有效控制，防止出現侵略性和敵對行為。所以B選項正確。

6.文章主要論述了通過實驗研究猴群內等級地位，以及外來者的敵對和侵略行為。文章主要是壓縮猴群的生存空間的研究對猴群的攻擊以及侵略行為的影響等原因進行了說明。A選項‘在實驗環境中，空間的減少如何影響猴子群體內的攻擊性?’正確。B選項‘為爭奪食物和其他猴群競爭’并沒有涉及，C選項‘對機制建立控制猴群的侵略性行為‘也沒有說明，D選項不正確。

2.問答題

FishingandRights

Acidification,warming,thedestructionofcoralreefs:thebiggestproblemsfacingtheseaareasvast,deepandseeminglyintractableastheoceansthemselves.Solongastheworldfailstocutitsemissionsofgreenhousegases,causeoftheglobalwarmingbehindthesetroubles,theywillgrow.Bycomparison,overfishing,anothergreatcause,shouldbeeasiertoputright,especiallyinthecoastalwaterswheremostfishingoccurs.Andyetitgoeson,yearafteryear.

Fishermenhaveeveryreasontodosomething.Manyfisheriesarehurtlingtowardscollapse;stocksoflargefishhavebeenreducedbyupto90%.Whenstocksareoverfished,theyyieldasmallercatch.Thecostofmismanagement,inlosteconomicoutput,ishuge:some$50billionayear,accordingtotheWorldBank.

Onereasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Anewstatisticalattemptatestimatingtheremainingshoals,fromUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,isthereforewelcome—evenifthatisnottrueofitsfindingsthatstocksareevenmoreravagedthanpreviouslythought.Thestudyfoundthatbetterunderstoodfisheriesarelikeliertobehealthy.Anotherreasonforoverfishingisnewtechnology(developed,aptlyenough,for

battlefields),whichmakesshoalseasiertodetect.Aslargeboatsandrefrigerationhavespread,fishingfleetshavecoveredgreaterdistancesandhovereduplargercatches.Becausetechnologyletsfishermenfishwithlesseffort,itdisguisesjusthowfastthestocksaredepleting.

Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing.Yetstilltheyfloutquotas,wheretheyexist.Thatisoftenbecausetheytakeashort-termviewoftheasset—theywouldrathercashinnowandinvestthemoneyinsomethingelse.Anditisinvariablycompoundedbyacommons-despoilingfeeingthatiftheydon'tplunder,otherswill.

Inmostfisheries,thefishermenwouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource,anditshouldbepossibletoincentivizethemtodoso.Thebestwayistogivethemadefined,long-termrighttoashareofthefish.Inregulatedindustrialfisheries,asinIceland,NewZealandandAmerica,thishastakentheformofatradable,individualshareofafishingquota.Developingcountries,wherelawenforcementisweak,seemtodobetterwhenagrouprightoveranexpanseofwaterisgiventoacooperativeorvillagefleet.Theprincipleisthesame:fishermenwhofeellikeownersaremorelikelytobehaveasresponsiblestewards.Thenewstatisticalstudyconfirmsthatrights-basedfisheriesaregenerallyhealthier.

Yetonlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,mainlybecausesuchschemesarehardtogetright.Limitingaccesstoacommonresourcecreateslosers,andthereforediscord.Culturaldifferencesaffectsuccessrates;noteveryoneisaslaw-abidingasIcelanders.Almosteverywhereittakestimetoconvincefishermen,thelasthunter-gatherers,tochangetheirhabits.But,barnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.

Inrichcountries,satelliteimagerywillincreasinglyhelp,bymakingmonitoringcheaperandbetter.Inmanypoorones,devolutionismakingiteasiertoformlocalorganizations.Anotherpromisingideaistoincorporaterights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzones.Thesesafeguardbreeding-stocksandareeasiertomonitorthanindividualcatches.Wherestocksarerecovering,asaresultofthesereforms,fishermenarelikeliertoseescientificallydeterminedquotasasintheirself-interest.Intheend,thatmaybetheonlyhope.

【答案】Inthisessay"FishingandRights",theauthorthinksthatglobalwarmingcausesacidification,warming,andthedestructionofcoralreefs.However,overfishingisanothergreatcause,andshouldbeeasiertoputright.Theoverfishingoffishermenhasleadedthestocksoflargefishtoreducelargely.

Themainreasonwhythepillagecontinuesisthatknowledgeoffishstocksispoor,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Fishermengenerallyunderstandtherisksofoverfishing,theyfloutquotas.Moreover,thefishermeninmostfisherieswouldmakemoremoneybyhusbandingtheirresource.Onlyafewhundredoftheocean'sthousandsoffisheriesarerunthisway,andbarnacledbycaveatsthoughitmaybe,therights-basedapproachisthebestavailable.Interestingly,theincorporationoftherights-basedfisherieswithno-catchzonesmaybetheonlyhope.

3.單選題

Didyourmumanddadgotouniversity,ordidtheyleaveschoolandgostraighttotheJobCentre?Theeducationalexperienceofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday’sstudentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.

TheresearchwasdonebytheHigherEducationCareersServiceUnit.Itplanstofollowuniversityapplicantsforsixyearsfrom2006throughtheirearlycareers.

Thefirstyear’sfindingscomefromastudyof130,000universityapplicants.Theyshowsignificantdifferencesinprospectivestudents’approachtohighereducation,dependingonwhethertheirparentsgotdegrees(second-generationapplicants)ordidn’t(first-generationapplicants).

First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythattheircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheirmindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthisgroupgave“toenablemetogetagoodjob”astheirmainreasonforchoosingHE.And37percentsaidthatadegreewas“partofmycareerplan”.

Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwherefinancesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforitsownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosioninvocationalcourses.

AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearchmanagementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohaveinfluencedherchoice.

“Medicineisoneofthosefieldswhereit’sprettylikelyyou’llgetajobattheend.That’sabigplus,asthedebtlevelsafterfiveyearsofstudyaregoingtobefrightening,”shesays.Manyexpertsbelievethatthissituationaffectsthosewithnofamilytraditionofhighereducationfarmorekeenly.Thefactthat26percentofrespondentssaidthattheyneededmoreadviceimpliesthatsomestudentsmayendupfeelingthattheirhighereducationinvestmentwasnotworthwhile.

Forthosewithgraduateparents,thislackofguidancemay,theresearcherssuggest,belessofaproblem.“But,forthosewithouttheadvantages,lackofaccesstocareerguidancebeforeapplyingforhighereducationleavesthemexposedtomakingpoorerchoices,”thesurveyconcludes.

1.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

2.“HE”inthe4thparagraphprobablyrefersto（）.

3.Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhousehold（）.

4.InwhichofthefollowingaspectsdoKimBurnettandHarrietEdgehaveincommon?

5.Itisimpliedthat（）.

問題1選項

A.parents’experiencesaremoreimportantfortheirchildren’seducation

B.parents’careersarevitallyimportantfortheirchildren’sdegrees

C.students’approachtohighereducationcorrelateswiththeirparents’educationalexperience

D.students’careerandemploymentprospectsaredecidedbytheirparents

問題2選項

A.healtheducation

B.higheremployment

C.HarrietEdge

D.highereducation

問題3選項

A.islesslikelytogetfinancialaidtogotouniversity

B.ismorelikelytochoosevocationaleducation

C.maythinklearningforpleasureisagoodidea

D.maychoosetostudyforaprofessionaldegree

問題4選項

A.Theybothchosetheirmajorsbecauseoftheirfamilyinfluence.

B.Theyareboththefirst-yearstudentsinuniversity.

C.Bothoftheirparentslackcollegedegrees.

D.Bothofthemchosedegreesforjobsecurity.

問題5選項

A.thecostofadegreeinmedicineisveryhigh

B.highereducationinvestmentinmedicineisnotworthwhile

C.astudentwithoutfamilymedicaltraditionislesslikelytochoosemedicine

D.medicineisafieldwhereeverydegree-holdercangetajob

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要觀點是……”。第一段指出Theeducationalexperienceofparentsisstillimportantwhenitcomestohowtoday’sstudentschooseanareaofstudyandwhattodoaftergraduation,accordingtoTheFuture-trackresearchintheUK.（根據英國未來研究中心的研究，當談到今天的學生如何選擇學習領域以及畢業后做什么時，父母的教育經歷仍然很重要），由此我們可知文章討論的是父母的教育經歷影響到子女受教育的程度以及職業選擇傾向。A項“父母的經歷對孩子的教育更重要”，內容表達的比較片面；B項“父母的職業對孩子的學位至關重要”，文章沒有提及；C項“學生接受高等教育的方式與其父母的教育經歷有關”符合文章大意；D項“學生的職業和就業前景是由他們的父母決定的”，表達太過絕對。故該題選C正確。

第2題:語義推測題。題干意思是“第四段中的He可能指的是……”。根據題干定位到文章第四段First-generationapplicantsweremorelikelytosaythattheircareerandemploymentprospectswereuppermostintheirmindsindecidingtogotouniversity.Aboutone-fifthofthisgroupgave“toenablemetogetagoodjob”astheirmainreasonforchoosingHE.（第一代申請者更傾向于聲稱他們的職業生涯和就業前景是他們決定上大學的最重要的因素；約五分之一的受訪大學生選擇它的主要原因是“為了找到一份好工作”），由此可推測，第二句中的“HE”指的就是第一句中的decidingtogotouniversity（決定上大學），即“高等教育”，所以D項“高等教育”符合題意。A項“健康教育”，該段沒有提到健康教育；B項“高就業”，內容與原文句子沖突；C項“哈里特?埃奇”這是后面提到的內容，與這里的內容無關。故該題選D正確。

第3題:細節推理題。題干意思是“來自非職業家庭的年輕人……”。根據題干定位到第五段Ayoungpersoncomingfromanon-professionalhouseholdwherefinancesarestretchedmayfindtheideaoflearningforitsownsaketobealuxury.Thisexplainstheexplosioninvocationalcourses.（來自經濟拮據的非職業家庭的年輕人可能會發現，為了學習而學習的想法是一種奢侈；這解釋了職業課程激增的原因），由此可推，來自非職業家庭的年輕人會因為經濟拮據而選擇職業課程，所以B項“更有可能選擇職業教育”符合。A項“獲得上大學助學金的可能性更小”，文章沒有提到助學金；C項“認為以學習為樂是一個好主意”，內容與原文相反，這些年輕人認為為了學習而學習是一種奢侈；D項“選擇攻讀專業學位”，來自非職業家庭的年輕人更多的選擇了職業教育，所以攻讀專業學位是不太可能。故該題選B正確。

第4題:細節推理題。題干意思是“KimBurnett和HarrietEdge在以下哪些方面有共同之處？”。根據題干定位到文章第六段AtPortsmouthUniversity,first-yearstudentKimBurnett,19,saysthatshespecificallychoseherdegreeinhealthresearchmanagementandpsychologytogetasecure,well-paidjob.HarrietEdge,20,studyingmedicineatManchesterUniversity,alsowantedjobsecurity.Herparentslackedcollegedegrees,thoughthefactthatheruncleisadoctorappearstohaveinfluencedherchoice.（在樸茨茅斯大學，19歲的大一學生KimBurnett說，為了找到一份穩定的高薪工作，她特意選擇了健康研究管理和心理學專業；20歲的HarrietEdge目前在曼徹斯特大學學醫，她也希望有穩定的工作；她的父母沒有大學學歷，但她的叔叔是一名醫生，這似乎影響了她的選擇），可知，KimBurnett為了得到好的工作選擇健康研究管理和心理學專業，HarrietEdge為了有穩定的個工作選擇學醫；從而可知KimBurnett和HarrietEdge都是為了得到工作而選擇學習專業，所以D項“他們都是為了保住工作而選擇學位的”符合題意。A項“他們都是由于家庭的影響而選擇了自己的專業”，只有HarrietEdge是由于家庭的影響；B項“他們都是大學一年級的學生”，原文沒有明確的說HarrietEdge也是大學一年級學生；C項“他們的父母都沒有大學學歷”，原文沒有提及KimBurnett的父母也沒有大學學歷。故該題選D正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章暗示了……”。文章第七段第一句提到Medicineisoneofthosefieldswhereit’sprettylikelyyou’llgetajobattheend.That’sabigplus,asthedebtlevelsafterfiveyearsofstudyaregoingtobefrightening（醫學是你最終很有可能找到工作的領域之一；這是一筆很大的附加費用，因為經過五年的學習，債務水平將令人恐懼），由此可以推斷，雖然醫學專業畢業后就業沒有問題，但是需要大額的學費開支，所以A項“獲得醫學學位的費用很高”符合題意。B項“對醫學的高等教育投資是不值得的”，這屬于斷章取義，第七段提到Thefactthat26percentofrespondentssaidthattheyneededmoreadviceimpliesthatsomestudentsmayendupfeelingthattheirhighereducationinvestmentwasnotworthwhile.（26%的受訪者表示，他們需要更多的建議，這意味著一些學生可能最終會覺得他們的高等教育投資不值得），由此可知，受訪者覺得高等教育投資不值得是因為對那些沒有接受高等教育的家庭傳統的人來說，因為父母沒有高等教育經歷，所以對于高等教育不是很看好，不僅僅是醫學上的高等教育；C項“一個沒有家庭醫學傳統的學生不太可能選擇醫學”和D項“醫學是每個有學位的人都能找到工作的領域”表達太過絕對。故該題選A正確。

4.單選題

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

問題1選項

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

問題2選項

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

問題3選項

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

問題4選項

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題5選項

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節事實題。由題干關鍵字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻譯為：我們不會回到美國國會公開擔心低等種族會玷污美國人的血統的時期。因此答案為A選項：他們是低等的民族。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻譯為：這些新移民沒有理由不應該有著同樣的成功。知B項“他們可以如自己的前輩那樣做的一樣好”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細節事實題。由題干關鍵詞Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻譯為：泰勒擔心，墨西哥裔美國人可能注定跟隨美國黑人的步伐，即社區中的那個較大的部分可能變得陷入一個似乎永久的貧困和低成就的狀態中。因此，D選項“他們可能永遠是貧窮且成就低的”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】細節事實題。根據題干關鍵詞newimmigrants定位到原文倒數第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻譯為：我們也應該就同化、如何確保曾經的外來者在這些地區不會永遠的處于被邊緣化而提出一些更加廣泛的問題。故C最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干可以定位倒數第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻譯為：但是，我們也還沒有學到如何讓美國化進程適應所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻譯為：那是一個大的問題……可以得知B項“如何幫助移民更好地融入美國社會”最為