書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Whyareyoustaring?

I’veneverseen（）treebefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.kindof

B.thatkindof

C.suchkind

D.such

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞修飾語。kindof意為“稍微，有點(diǎn)”，不符合句意，排除A；suchkind后面接名詞時(shí)要加of，排除C；such修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)后面需接冠詞a/an，排除D。thatkindoftree表示那種樹，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe（

）Singaporepension.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equivalent

B.similar

C.consistent

D.identical

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:香港每人退休金的購(gòu)買力只有新加坡退休金價(jià)值的70%。

equivalent等價(jià)的。similar相似的。consistent始終如一的，一致的。identical同一的；完全相同的。

3.單選題

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100萬年左右，人口迅速增長(zhǎng)，伴隨著工具制造的創(chuàng)新和工具的使用。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增長(zhǎng)大約始于一萬年前，那時(shí)人們開始放牧、犁地和種地。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”當(dāng)最初的生產(chǎn)力增長(zhǎng)再次被吸收后，人口增長(zhǎng)率又降低了。由此推斷，人口的增長(zhǎng)和生產(chǎn)力的提高有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開始減少，當(dāng)前人口的快速增長(zhǎng)也可能放緩。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

4.單選題

Climaticchangeshaveoccurredatintervalsthroughoutthemillennium.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.increased

B.existed

C.happened

D.devastated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)increased“增加”；B選項(xiàng)existed“存在”；C選項(xiàng)happened“發(fā)生”；D選項(xiàng)devastated“毀壞”。句意：氣候變化在整個(gè)千年中是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)發(fā)生的。劃線部分occurred是發(fā)生的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.問答題

Butsacrificingambitionsoastoguardagainstitspotentialexcesses,isto(A)goatthingswrongly.Todiscourageambitionistodiscouragedreamsofgrandeurandgreatness.Allmenandwomenareborn,live,sufferanddie;(B)whatdistinguishesusonefromanotherisourdreams,(C)maytheybedreamaboutworldlyorunworldlythings,andwhatwedoto(D)makethemcomeabout.

【答案】C；改成whethertheybedreamsabout。

6.單選題

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯(cuò)誤。句意:《道德經(jīng)》幾乎可以肯定是現(xiàn)代西方人中最受敬仰的中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)文本。自19世紀(jì)中期以來，它被多次翻譯成英文。

7.單選題

Einstein'sspecialTheoryofRelativityisquite（）me.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outof

B.beyond

C.from

D.over

【答案】B

【解析】句意：愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論超出了我的能力范圍。beyondsb.

指超出某人的能力,

非某人力所能及,

所以選項(xiàng)B更符合句意。

8.單選題

Olderpeoplealwaysenjoythe___oftheirrelatives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.company

B.accompaniment

C.companion

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)company“公司；陪伴；同伴（尤指為某一目的聚集起來的一群人）；連隊(duì)；演出團(tuán)；賓客”；B選項(xiàng)accompaniment“伴奏；伴隨物”；C選項(xiàng)companion“同伴（和你一起旅行或花很多時(shí)間和你在一起的人或動(dòng)物）；朋友；指南；手冊(cè)”；D選項(xiàng)compassion“同情；憐憫”。句意：上了年紀(jì)的人總是喜歡有親戚___。本句表達(dá)“年紀(jì)大的人喜歡有親戚陪伴”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會(huì)，正式對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對(duì)最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個(gè)人行為的假設(shè)，并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來，這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo)，而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價(jià)值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的，而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說，嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會(huì)根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨，內(nèi)疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來說，理性選擇理論并不涉及個(gè)人道德或倫理意識(shí)在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為，遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

10.問答題

The(A)fantasticachievementsofmoderntechnologyandthespeed(B)withwhichscientificdiscoveriesare(C)translatedintotechnologicalapplications(D)attesttothetriumphofhumanefforts.

【答案】B；“with”改為“at”。

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的驚人成就和科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)應(yīng)用的速度證明了人類努力的勝利。句中“withwhich”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞“speed”，因?yàn)橛泄潭ù钆洹癮tthespeed”表示“以……的速度”，所以將B項(xiàng)的介詞“with”改為“at”。

11.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandrelativesense:ThesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustultimatelybetakenintoaccount.

Inamarketeconomy,thepriceofagoodandthequantitysupplieddependonthecostofmakingit,andthatcost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepricesofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

4.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodinamarketeconomy?

5.WhichofthefollowingexamplesBESTreflectsacosttosocietyasdefinedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thescarcityofmanufacturedgoods.

B.Thevalueofscarcematerials.

C.Themanufacturingofscarcegoods.

D.Thecostofproducingshoes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

B.Theopportunitiesapersonhastobuyit.

C.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

D.Thevalueoftheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Availableresourcesstimulateproduction.

B.Resourcesaretotallyindependentofproduction.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionlessenstheamountofavailableresources.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofallelementsinproduction.

B.Thecostofnotmakingothergoods.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Afamilybuyingadog.

B.Eatinginarestaurantinsteadofathome.

C.Usinglandforahouseinsteadofapark.

D.Stayingathomeinsteadofgoingtoschool.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知文章三段均圍繞短缺原料的價(jià)值進(jìn)行說明。文章第一段說明了什么叫原料相對(duì)短缺，第二段說明了什么叫機(jī)會(huì)成本，第三段說明了原料的價(jià)格是由什么決定的。A選項(xiàng)“制成品的缺乏”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章更多的是描寫原料的短缺，而非制成品；B選項(xiàng)“稀有材料的價(jià)值”符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“稀有商品的制造”文章沒有提到；D選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)鞋子的成本”可定位到文章第三段“Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.（比如說，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、勞動(dòng)力、燃料和其他生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的元素的價(jià)格。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)只是文章中列舉的一個(gè)例子，并不能概括全文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.（每一種生產(chǎn)行為都會(huì)消耗一些社會(huì)可用資源；它意味著放棄一個(gè)生產(chǎn)其他東西的機(jī)會(huì)。）”，由此可知機(jī)會(huì)成本是用可生產(chǎn)的其他商品來衡量的，所以C選項(xiàng)“可生產(chǎn)的其他商品的價(jià)值”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)它所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和金錢”只能說是生產(chǎn)成本，不是機(jī)會(huì)成本；B選項(xiàng)“人們必須購(gòu)買它的機(jī)會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)“在生產(chǎn)中使用的資源的價(jià)值”文中都沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（用于一個(gè)目的產(chǎn)品的材料不能同時(shí)用于其他產(chǎn)品；如果投入的材料數(shù)量是有限的，那么在另一個(gè)制造過程中增加投入材料的使用量必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致投入的其他用途的可用性降低。）”，由此可知社會(huì)總資源是有限的，用掉其中一些就會(huì)使總量減少并限制其他商品的生產(chǎn)，所以D選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“可用資源刺激生產(chǎn)”文中沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“資源完全獨(dú)立于生產(chǎn)”說法錯(cuò)誤，資源不可能獨(dú)立于生產(chǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)量隨著資源的增加而增加”說法錯(cuò)誤，產(chǎn)量的增加不止取決于資源。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Inamarketeconomy,thepriceofagoodandthequantitysupplieddependonthecostofmakingit（市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，商品的價(jià)格和產(chǎn)量取決于其成本）”，然后又提到“Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.（比如說，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、勞動(dòng)力、燃料和其他生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的元素的價(jià)格。）”，由此可知商品的價(jià)格取決于生產(chǎn)過程中所有要素的成本，所以A選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)中所有要素的成本”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本”和C選項(xiàng)“制造過程的效率”以及D選項(xiàng)“材料的數(shù)量”都包含在A選項(xiàng)中，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。文章主要闡述了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)里面的一個(gè)重要概念——“機(jī)會(huì)成本”，是講商品生產(chǎn)和社會(huì)資源之間的關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“一戶人家買了一只狗”；B選項(xiàng)“在餐館吃飯而不是在家里”；C選項(xiàng)“用土地建房子而不是建公園”；D選項(xiàng)“待在家里而不是去上學(xué)”。A、B、D選項(xiàng)均未涉及到生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists.Afterall,thereisnonaturalreasonwhy2,500peopleshouldaccidentallyshootthemselveseachyearorwhy7,000shoulddrownor55,000dieintheircars.Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.

AfewyearsagoaCanadianpsychologistnamedGeraldWildebecameinterestedinthisphenomenon.HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.Wildedevelopedanintriguingtheorycalled“riskhomeostasis”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger.If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.Otherstudieshaveshownthatwhereanintersectionismadesafer,theaccidentrateinvariablyfallstherebutrisestoacompensatinglevelelsewherealongthesamestretchofroad.Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.

Inallevents,itisbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthefactorsinfluencingourlifespanarefarmoresubtleandcomplexthanhadbeenpreviouslythought.Itnowappearsthatifyouwishtolivealonglife,itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions:eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.Youmustalsohavetherightattitude.ScientistsattheDukeUniversityMedicalCentermadea15-yearstudyof500persons’personalitiesandfound,somewhattotheirsurprise,thatpeoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.

1.Whatsocialscientistshavelongfeltpuzzledaboutiswhy______.

2.Inhisresearch,GeraldWildefindsthattechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandards______.

3.Accordingtothetheoryof“riskhomeostasis”,sometrafficaccidentsresultfrom_______.

4.Bysaying“...statisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers”(Para.2),theauthormeans______.

5.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoalongerlifespan?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.themortalityratecannotbepredicted

B.thedeathtollremainedstableyearafteryear

C.aquotaforeachtypeofdeathhasnotcomeintobeing

D.peoplelosttheirliveseveryyearforthisorthatreason

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havehelpedsolvetheproblemofsohighdeathrate

B.haveoddlyaccountedformortalityratesinthepastcentury

C.havereducedmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeaths

D.haveachievednoeffectinbringingdownthenumberofdeaths

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ourinnatedesireforrisk

B.ourfastandrecklessdriving

C.ourignoranceofseatbeltbenefits

D.ourinstinctiveinterestinspeeding

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wearingseatbeltsdoesnothaveanybenefitsfromthestatisticpointofview

B.deathsfromwearingseatbeltsarethesameasthosefromnotwearingthem

C.deathsfromotherreasonscounterbalancethebenefitsofwearingseatbelts

D.wearingseatbeltsdoesnotnecessarilyreducedeathsfromtrafficaccidents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Showingadequatetrustinsteadofsuspicionofothers.

B.Eatingthefoodlowinfatanddrivingwithgreatcare.

C.Cultivatinganoptimisticpersonalityandneverlosingheart.

D.Lookingonthebrightsideanddevelopingabalancedlevelofrisk.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists...Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.（死亡率的可預(yù)測(cè)性長(zhǎng)期以來一直困擾著社會(huì)科學(xué)家……沒有人為每種死亡類型設(shè)定一個(gè)限額。他們只是年復(fù)一年地遵循著一種一成不變的模式。）”由此可知B選項(xiàng)“死亡人數(shù)年復(fù)一年保持穩(wěn)定”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“死亡率無法預(yù)測(cè)”，文章的意思為死亡人數(shù)年復(fù)一年保持穩(wěn)定，所以社會(huì)科學(xué)家很難預(yù)測(cè)死亡率的變化，并不是說死亡率不可預(yù)測(cè)，所以A選項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“還沒有形成每種死亡類型的限額”和D選項(xiàng)“人們每年因?yàn)檫@個(gè)或那個(gè)原因而失去生命”雖然文中都有提到，但這些都是死亡人數(shù)保持穩(wěn)定的原因，不是主要困擾社會(huì)科學(xué)家們的問題。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.（他注意到，整個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，盡管在這段時(shí)間里發(fā)生了所有的技術(shù)進(jìn)步和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高，西方世界的暴力和意外死亡死亡率一直保持著奇怪的穩(wěn)定。）”，由此可知技術(shù)進(jìn)步和安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高并未降低各種原因的死亡人數(shù)，所以D選項(xiàng)“沒有達(dá)到降低死亡人數(shù)的效果”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助解決了高死亡率的問題”、B選項(xiàng)“在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中對(duì)死亡率的解釋很奇怪”以及C選項(xiàng)“減少了暴力和意外死亡的死亡率”都不符合文章事實(shí)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger...Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.（根據(jù)這一理論，人們本能地生活在一定程度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中。當(dāng)某物變得更安全時(shí)，人們會(huì)以某種方式繞過該措施，重新確認(rèn)原來的危險(xiǎn)水平……這樣看來，我們對(duì)危險(xiǎn)有一種天生的需求。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“我們天生的冒險(xiǎn)欲望”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“我們的快速和魯莽駕駛”；C選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)安全帶好處的無知”；D選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)超速的本能興趣”文章雖然都有提到，但那些都并不是體內(nèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)平衡理論主要闡述的導(dǎo)致交通事故的根本原因，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.（例如，如果他們被要求系上安全帶，他們會(huì)感到更安全，因此會(huì)開車更快一點(diǎn)，更魯莽一點(diǎn)，從而從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上抵消了安全帶帶來的好處。）”，由此可知從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的角度說，開快車開魯莽車導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)的增加抵消了系保險(xiǎn)帶引起的死亡人數(shù)減少的好處，所以C選項(xiàng)“其他原因造成的死亡抵消了系安全帶的好處”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“從統(tǒng)計(jì)的角度來看，系安全帶沒有任何好處”和B選項(xiàng)“系安全帶和不系安全帶造成的死亡是一樣的”以及D選項(xiàng)“系上安全帶不一定能減少交通事故的死亡人數(shù)”都不是作者想要表達(dá)的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段“peoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.（性格多疑的人比性格開朗的人更容易過早死亡）”可知A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他人表現(xiàn)出足夠的信任而不是懷疑”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章提到的是要保持性格開朗，C選項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)樂觀的性格，永不氣餒”正確；根據(jù)最后一段“itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions:eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.（這不僅僅是堅(jiān)持某些預(yù)防措施的問題：吃正確的食物，不吸煙，小心駕駛。）”可知B選項(xiàng)“吃低脂肪的食物，小心駕駛”說法錯(cuò)誤，正確的食物不等于低脂肪的食物；根據(jù)文章最后一句話“Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.（往好的方面看，它似乎可以延長(zhǎng)你的壽命。）”可知D選項(xiàng)“看到光明的一面，發(fā)展一個(gè)平衡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平”說法錯(cuò)誤，后半句文章沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Itwasduringthe1920’sthatthefriendshipbetweenthetwoAmericanwritersHemingwayandFitzgeraldreached（）highestpoint.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirs

B.their

C.his

D.its

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞性物主代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，原文句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。從句主語為thefriendship，因此后文空缺處所缺形容詞性物主代詞應(yīng)選擇its。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Ibelievereservesofcoalhereare______tolastforfiftyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.sufficient

C.persistent

D.rich

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)efficient“有效的”，B項(xiàng)sufficient“充足的”，C項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，堅(jiān)持不懈的”，D項(xiàng)rich“富有的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞reservesofcoal“煤儲(chǔ)存”和lastforfiftyyears“持續(xù)50年”可知，B選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：我相信這里的煤儲(chǔ)量足夠用五十年。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

______whenshestartedtocomplaining.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notuntilhearrived

B.Nosoonerhadhearrived

C.Scarcelydidhearrive

D.Hardlyhadhearrived

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Notuntilhearrived直到他到達(dá)B.Nosoonerhadhearrived他一到達(dá)

C.Scarcelydidhearrive他一到達(dá)D.Hardlyhadhearrived他一到達(dá)

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子中的when可知，scarcely/hardly…when…為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“一……就……”，句子要部分倒裝；根據(jù)started可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，她開始抱怨是在他到達(dá)之后，所以空格處要用過去完成時(shí)，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不與when搭配；

B項(xiàng)一般與than搭配。

【句意】他剛到，她就開始抱怨起來。

16.單選題

Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。introduction“介紹，前言，入門”；advertisement“廣告”；book“書”；brochure“小冊(cè)子，手冊(cè)”。句意：由于你準(zhǔn)備度假，我建議你去旅行社找本假日手冊(cè)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJean-LouisBurckhardt.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormously

B.unstably

C.progressively

D.unnoticeably

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enormously非常，極其B.unstably不穩(wěn)定地

C.progressively持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地，逐步地D.unnoticeably不知不覺地，不易察覺地

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】imperceptibly的意思為“難以察覺地，不知不覺地”，這里指尼羅河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不覺中移動(dòng)，unnoticeably與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，尼羅河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不覺中移動(dòng)，這座寺廟就這樣消失了，直到1813年才被瑞士探險(xiǎn)家Jean-LouisBurckhardt意外地重新發(fā)現(xiàn)。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

朋友來訪，站在我的書櫥前流連忘返，見他一副癡迷的樣子，我故作豪爽地說：“喜歡看什么說就先拿去吧。”嘴上雖然這么說，其實(shí)心里還是很不情愿的，書像是自己的孩子，是生命的另一部分，生生被別人抱去，總是有點(diǎn)舍不得，朋友沒有看出我的小算盤，只顧聽了我的話，在書櫥里挑三揀四地翻出幾本書來，竟都是我喜歡的，時(shí)不時(shí)要拿出來讀讀的那種。但是潑出來的水是收不回來了，何況因?yàn)閹妆緯诧@得太小家子氣。

【答案】Afriendofminecametoseeme.Hestoodbeforemybookcaselookingoverthebooks.Atthesightofhimlingeringbeforeitwithraptattention,Ipretendedtobegenerous,“Takeanyasyoulike.”Isaidthatinspiteofmyself.ActuallyIwasreluctant,forIregardedmybooksasmychildren,partofmylife.HowcouldIbearthembeingtornawayfromme.Myfriendtookmeatmywordandbeganchoosingbookstohisliking.Unfortunatelyhispickhappenedtobemyfavorites,thoseI’dliketoreadandrereadnowandthen.ButIcouldn’tgobackonmyword,forwhat’sdonecan’tbeundone.Toregretforlendingafewbookswouldmakemelooknarrow-minded.

19.翻譯題

PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Inindustrializedcountries,machinesaccomplishtheverytiringphysicalworkthatunskilledlaborersusedtodoinbothmanufacturingandagriculture.

Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarblebutstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.

Aboveall,weshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirsthavinglearnedagreatdealaboutthemandthekindoflivestheyhavetolive.

Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.

Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofmetalhandsandfingers,givingrobotsasenseoftouch.

Electricpowerwastooimportanttohumanbeings.Shuttingitoffforevenashorttimewouldhavelettocompleteconfusion.

Successfulparentingbeginsbycommunicatingtochildrenthattheybelong,andarelovedfornootherreasonthanjustbecausetheyexist.

Withoutahealthyself-esteemtheymaycopebyactingoutproblemsratherthantalkingthemoutorbywithdrawingandremainingindifferenttowardthemselvesandothers.

Evidenceofthemoderationofthemajorpartiesisthatmuchbusinessisconductedacrosspartylines.

Ithasbeenfoundthatday-dreamingimprovesaperson’sabilitytobebetteradaptedtopractical,immediateconcerns,tosolveeverydayproblems,andtocomeupmorereadilywithnewideas.

【答案】在工業(yè)化國(guó)家，機(jī)器完成相當(dāng)繁重的體力活，即非技術(shù)工人曾經(jīng)在制造業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)所做的工作。

設(shè)想一下地球縮小到玻璃彈子的大小，但仍然有同樣的質(zhì)量和重力，你就能對(duì)黑洞的力量有所了解了。

重要的是，在對(duì)與我