書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-云南財經大學押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Manynewspaperscommentedonthegovernment’s（）measurestobringdownthepriceofwheat,rice,sugar,andotheressentialcommodities.

問題1選項

A.feeble

B.limp

C.fragile

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項feeble“無效的；微弱的；虛弱的”；B選項limp“（性格）軟弱的；柔軟的，無生氣的”；C選項fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D選項disabled“殘廢的，有缺陷的”。句意：對于政府壓低小麥、大米、糖和其他必需品價格的無效措施，很多報紙進行了評論。結合此處語境，可知A選項正確。

2.單選題

Yourlatestprojecthaslittle（

）ofsuccess.

問題1選項

A.prediction

B.prophecy

C.prospect

D.preview

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prediction意為“預測，預報”；prophecy意為“語言”；prospect意為“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意為“試映，預演”。

句意：你最近的項目幾乎沒有成功的希望。

3.單選題

IntheSpringExportCommoditiesFairthe（

）offinechinaattractedmuchattentionofcustomersfromallovertheworld.

問題1選項

A.succession

B.array

C.string

D.procession

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。succession意為“一系列，繼承”；array意為“大量，大堆，陣列”；string意為“細繩，一串”；procession意為“隊伍，行列”。

句意：在春季出口商品大會上，陳列精美的瓷器吸引了來自世界各地的客戶的廣泛關注。

4.單選題

CharlesWeiss,programdirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C.,wasthebank’sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank’spresident,andpartlybecausethebankisnowbeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank’sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarm-knownasoperations—whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.

Someoperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank’sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountrieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.

Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat().

3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthehank’sresearchprofileliesin().

4.Theword“infrastructure”(Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto().

5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe().

問題1選項

A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.

B.Thebank’sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss’spromotion.

C.Thebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscience.

D.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.

問題2選項

A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperations

B.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivity

C.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries

D.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient

問題3選項

A.lackofinvestmentinscience

B.thereactionfromseniorexecutives

C.thelendingwing’snegativeattitude

D.lowcreditratings

問題4選項

A.thebasicfacilities,services,andinstallations

B.theinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentity

C.anunderlyingbaseorfoundation

D.somethingconstructed

問題5選項

A.ResearchPortfoliooftheWorldBank

B.ANewStrategyoftheWorldBank

C.TensionbetweenTwoWings

D.LendingOperationsinDevelopingCountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據第一段的第二句“hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.”他相信,這一使銀行思考科學的最新嘗試比他自己的努力更有可能成功。說明銀行想要建立一個新的科學部門。選項C符合原文。選項B高管不是支持Charles的晉升,而是支持他的研究,所以表述錯誤。選項A和D在第一段沒有提及。

2.選項A文中只提到“In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.”一半的研究人員被派往業務部門工作,并沒有提到是他們想去的,所以表述錯誤；根據最后一段的內容可知,發展中國家的反應將是對新戰略的重要考驗。因為在相對貧窮的國家,近50%的世行援助項目在這十年中都失敗了。所以選項C錯誤；根據第三段的第一句“Butthis...byitslendingarm-knownasoperations”不是因為研究工作的效率不高,而是因為業務部門認為研究是貸款的一種功能,而不是一項獨立的活動。所以選項D錯誤,選項B正確。

3.根據第五段的最后一句“becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.”因為這些國家的信用評級較低,很難獲得私人資本。選項D正確。。

4.infrastructure指基礎的設施設備和服務,選項A正確。

5.文章主要講的是世界銀行的新戰略以及戰略目前面臨的困境,選項B符合原文。選項C描述太廣泛,不是很恰當。選項A和D都是小片段,所以也不正確。

5.單選題

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

問題1選項

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動名詞做賓語，D選項yourdelayingmaking符合題意。其余選項用法錯誤。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Shipspassingonthehighseasexchangedsalutesbyloweringandraisingtheirflagsonce.

問題1選項

A.informationt

B.ceremoniest

C.greetingst

D.privileges

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。salute表示“敬禮，致敬”；A項information“信息”，B項ceremony“儀式，典禮”，C項greeting“招呼，問候”，D項privilege“特權”。句意：在公海上經過的船只通過降旗和升旗互致敬禮。根據句意可知，該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1918,GermanphysicistMaxPlanckisbestrememberedastheoriginatorofthequantumtheory.Hisworkhelpedusherinaneweraintheoreticalphysicsandrevolutionizedthescientificcommunity’sunderstandingofatomicandsubatomicprocesses.Planckintroducedanideathatledtothequantumtheory,whichbecamethefoundationof20thcenturyphysics.InDecember1900,Planckworkedoutanequationthatdescribedthedistributionofradiationaccuratelyovertherangeoflowtohighfrequencies.Hehaddevelopedatheorywhichdependedonamodelofmatterthatseemedverystrangeatthetime.Themodelrequiredtheemissionofeletromagneticradiationinsmallchunksorparticles.Theseparticleswerelatercalledquantums.Theenergyassociatedwitheachquantumismeasuredbymultiplyingthefrequencyoftheradiation,v,byauniversalconstant,h.Thus,energy,orE,equalshv.Theconstant,h,isknownasPlanck’sconstant.Itisnowrecognizedasoneofthefundamentalconstantsoftheworld.Planckannouncedhisfindingsin1900,butitwasyearsbeforethefullconsequencesofhisrevolutionaryquantumtheorywererecognized.Throughouthislife,Planckmadesignificantcontributionstooptics,thermodynamicsandstatisticalmechanics,physicalchemistry,andotherfields.In1930hewaselectedpresidentoftheKaiserWilhelmSociety,whichwasrenamedtheMaxPlanckSocietyafterWorldWarII.ThoughdeeplyopposedtothefacistregimeofAdolfHitler,PlanckremainedinGermanythroughoutthewar.HediedinGottingenonOctober4,1947.

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Optics.

B.Thermodynamics.

C.Statisticalmechanics.

D.Biology.

問題2選項

A.dangerous

B.extremist

C.momentous

D.militarist

問題3選項

A.Therocket.

B.Theatomicbomb.

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.

D.Thecomputer.

問題4選項

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheory

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformula

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900

D.radiationwashardtostudy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?1.在下列哪個領域馬克斯?普朗克沒有做出重大貢獻？

A.Optics.A.光學。

B.Thermodynamics.B.熱力學。

C.Statisticalmechanics.C.統計力學。

D.Biology.D.生物學。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據文章倒數第四句“普朗克一生都在光學、熱力學和統計力學、物理化學等領域做出了重大貢獻”，從中可知，普朗克在光學、熱力學和統計力學、物理化學等都有涉及，只有D項“生物學”沒有提到。故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A項“光學”、B項“熱力學”和C項“統計力學”都在原文提及，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means______.2.文中下劃線的“revolutionary”一詞的意思是______。

A.dangerousA.危險的

B.extremistB.極端主義的

C.momentousC.重要的，重大的

D.militaristD.軍國主義的

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據題干定位至文章倒數第五句“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的發現，但他的revolutionary量子理論的全部結果卻在數年之后才被承認”，結合第一句提到“普朗克是量子理論的創始人”，所以推測revolutionary是褒義詞，而revolutionary的名詞形式為revolution（革命），由此推斷revolutionary應該指“具有革命意義的”；只有C項“重要的，重大的”意思與之相近。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“危險的”和B項“極端主義的”根據解題思路可知，該兩項曲解原文；

D項“軍國主義的”，量子理論和物理相關，并非軍事，該項無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?3.從這篇文章中可以推斷出，普朗克的工作導致了以下哪一項的發展？

A.Therocket.A.火箭。

B.Theatomicbomb.B.原子彈。

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.C.內燃機。

D.Thecomputer.D.計算機。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據文章第二句“他的工作幫助開創了理論物理學的新紀元，并徹底改變了科學界對原子和亞原子過程的理解（atomicandsubatomicprocesses）”，可知普朗克的工作改變了對原子和亞原子過程的理解，這也就是說他促進了原子彈的發展。B項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“火箭”、C項“內燃機”和D項“計算機”都沒有提到，無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat______.4.這篇文章的意思是______。

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheoryA.只有德國物理學家才能發現這樣的理論

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformulaB.引領20世紀物理學發展的量子理論，基本上是一個數學方程

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900C.普朗克常數在1900年以前是無法識別的

D.radiationwashardtostudyD.輻射很難研究

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據文章的第三和第四句“普朗克提出了一個觀點導致量子理論的產生，該理論成為20世紀物理學的基礎。1900年12月，普朗克推導出一個方程（anequation），精確地描述了輻射在低頻到高頻范圍內的分布。”，從中可知，普朗克的量子理論是20世紀物理學的基礎，而這個量子理論可以用一個方程推導，這也就是說，量子理論基本上是一個方程，B項符合題意。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“只有德國物理學家才能發現這樣的理論”中的only表述太絕對，曲解原文；

C項“普朗克常數在1900年以前是無法識別的”，根據文章倒數第五句的描述“普朗克在1900年宣布了他的發現，但他的革命性量子理論的全部結果卻在數年之后才被承認”，可知這里是說普朗克的量子理論在1900年宣布以后，過了數年才被承認，并沒有提到普朗克常數，該項曲解原文；

D項“輻射很難研究”，根據解題思路可知，輻射可以被精確地描述，所以該項與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Iftheschemeis（

）carriedoutwithoutwasteoftimeorenergy-Ishallbecompletelysatisfied.

問題1選項

A.relatively

B.noticeably

C.appropriately

D.efficiently

【答案】D

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。relatively“相對地”；noticeably“顯而易見地”；appropriately“恰當地”；efficiently“有效地”。句意：如果計劃能夠在不浪費時間和精力的情況下展開的話，我會很滿意。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

PeterSellerswouldn’tbeallowedhiscareertoday.Allthosefunnyracialstereotypes—thecaricaturedfrogs.Woops,yidsandgoodness-gracious-mePakis—areinclearbreachofthecodesofpoliticalcorrectness.

Hislewddisguisesandoverdoneaccentsbelongwithblack-and-whiteminstrelshowsandclog-dancing—it’sthecomedyofyesteryear.

HaveyoutriedlisteningtoTheGoonShowlately?ItisareworkingofTheGangShow.Excruciatinglybadanddated,andfullofexplosions,GunfireandjokesaboutHitlerandtheWar.

Nonetheless,Sellerscontinuestoobsesspeople.He’salreadybeenthesubjectofbiographiesgalore,including,actin1994,a1,200magnumopusbymyself,whichisnowbeingturnedintoabiopicstarringGeoffreyRush.

TheappealliesinthemythicdimensionsofSellers’story.Hehadeverythinganditwasn’tenough.Hewasacomedianwithatragicinabilitytoenjoylife.Hewasworld-famousanddesperatelylonely.Attheheightofhisfame,asinspectorClouseau,hiseccentricitytippedovertheedgeintogenuineinsanity.Hewasabasketcase.

Thisisirresistiblematerial.Sellers’subversiveandimmoderatebehaviourputshiminaclassofhisown.PicturemydisappointmentwithEdSikov’stome,therefore.Here'sathickbookthattellsusnothingnew.

FornewcomerstoSellers,however,Mr.Strangdoveisaperfectdigestoftheman’slifeandwork,brisklytold.Sellerswasdescendedformafamilyofbare-knuckleEastEndprize-lighters.Althoughhisparentsweremusichallentertainers.Hisclinging,whiningmother,Peg,wasaquick-changeartistandhisfather,Bill,wasaukuleleplayerandsoft-shoe-shufflemerchant.

Theyoungpeterwasraisedintheghostly,twilightworldofshabbytheatresandend-of-the-pierrevues;dogacts,acrobaticmidgets,incompetentconjurorsandgypsyviolinists.TogofromtheseoriginsandbecomeasbigasTheBeatles,ashewasintheSixties,isanamazingfeat.

SellersspenttheSecondWorldWarintheAirforce,impersonatingofficersandplayingthedrumstoentertainthetroops.Whenhewasdemobbedheworkedinholidaycampsandbegangettingspotsonradio.CulminatinginTheGoonShow.HedubbedthevoicesofChurchillandHumphreyBogartonfilmsoundtracks,anditwaswhilehangingabouttruestudiosthathewasofferedwalk-onroles.

HisbreakthroughcamewiththepartofateddyboyinTheladykillers,afilmthatimproveswitheachviewing.ThisledtotheroleoffFredKite,theshaven-headed,belligerentshopstewardinI’mAllrightJackwhichwonhimaBritishAcademyBestActorstatuette.WhenPeterUstinovdroppedoutofThepinkPantheronaFriday.SellersflewtothesetinRomeonMondaytoreplacehim.Therestishistory.

Ornotoriety.Sellers’descentintomadnesswasswift.HegotridofhiswifeandchildrenandchasedafterBrittEklang,whomhepouncedoninTheDorchesterandmarriedtendayslater.Hetookdrugstoenhancehispotency,andthisprecipitatedaheartattack.HavingworkedonDr.Strangeloveduringtheday,eacheveningbelockedhimselfinthebathroomandthreatenedtocommitsuicide.BryanForbesandNanetteNewnanhadtocomeoverandtalktohimthroughthedoor.HethendecidedtobewantedtomarryNanette.HealsowantedtomarrySophiaLoren,PrincessMargaretandLizaMinnelli.

Hismisbehaviorandunprofessionalismcostfilmstudiosmillionsofdollars.Setshadtoberepaintedandcostumesremadeiftheywerepurpleorgreen-colorsofwhichhewasmorbidlysuperstitious.

Heenjoyedmessingaboutduringfilmingandblowinghislines;hepulledgumsonpeople.HewalkedoffCasinoRoyaleandwasdiscoveredinBrittEklang’smother’shouseinSweden.Meanwhile,OrsonWellesandtherestofthecastwereinfullmake-upandonfullpaybackatPinewood,waitingforhimtoreappear.

Sellerswashappyonlyincompanyofhisgadgets,camerasandfastcars,whichhe’dreplaceorabandonwithmanicfrequency.Atoneofhisweddings,themaidsofhonorwerethebride’sdogs.Hewasalsoselfishintheextreme:whenhisrelationshipsbrokeup,hedsendhishenchmenroundtoretrievehisgifts.

1.PeoplearestillobsessedwithPeterSellersbecause______.

2.Bysaying“hewasabasketcase”，theauthormeansthatPeterSellerswas_____.

3.Accordingtothepassage,PeterSellerslookdrugstoimprove_______.

4.The“galore”inparagraph4means_____.

5.PeterSellerscanbedescribedas______.

問題1選項

A.hewasagenius

B.hewasasbigasTheBeatles

C.hislifewasfullofdramaandcontradiction

D.heledaveryausterelife

問題2選項

A.handicapped

B.deranged

C.impetuous

D.callous

問題3選項

A.histheatricalperformance

B.hisbreathtakingperformance

C.hiswalk-onrolesonthestage

D.hisperformancesexually

問題4選項

A.numerous

B.anecdotal

C.critical

D.unauthorized

問題5選項

A.unpredictablebutgenerous

B.talentedbutunstable

C.sanebutselfish

D.eccentricbutreliable

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:文章第四段出現了題干中的單詞obsess，原因則出現在第五段Theappealliesinthemythicdimensionsofseller’sstory，是因為他謎一樣的生活。作者在第五段提到了Sellers擁有一切，但是他又非常孤獨，所以他的人生充滿了矛盾。選項C符合題意。

第2題:題干中的basketcase意思是“有怪癖的人”。Handicapped“有生理缺陷的”；deranged“精神錯亂的”；impetuous“沖動的；魯莽的”；callous“無情的，麻木的”。選項B符合題意。

第3題:文章第11段提到hetookdrugstoenhancehispotency，他為了提高性能力而去吸毒，所以選項D符合題意。

第4題:題干中的galore意思是“豐盛的”。numerous“許多的，很多的”；anecdotal“軼事的”；critical“批評的”；unauthorized“非法的”。選項A符合題意。

第5題:文章最后一段提到hewasalsoselfishintheextreme:whenhisrelationshipsbrokeup.he'dsendhishenchmenroundtoretrievehisgifts，可以知道他自私，心理扭曲，所以可以排除選項A和C；文章提到他曾要自殺（commitsuicide），所以選項D可以排除。選項B符合題意。

10.填空題

Earthquakesarenaturalshakingswithintheearth’scrust.Theyshowthatcrustalmovementsarestilltaking（1）onourplanettoday,（2）ontheMoon,whichappearstohavenosuchactivity.Seismometersenablegeologiststo（3）theintensityofquakes.MuchofChinaisseismicallyactive,withthemost（4）recentearthquakehavingoccurredin2008,inSichuan（5）.

【答案】place;unlike,measure;serious:province

【解析】句意:地震是地球地殼內的正常震動。他們發現地殼運動在我們今天的星球上仍在發生，不像月球上，貌似沒有這樣的運動。測振儀能夠使地質學家測量震動的強度。中國大部分地區地質活躍，最近最嚴重（破壞力最大）的一次地震發生在2008年的四川。

1.固定搭配。takeplace發生。

2.語義題。句意:不像月球上，貌似沒有這樣的運動。故填unlike。

3.語義題。根據前面的seismometers(測振儀)推測此處填measure(測量)。

4.語義題。句意:中國大部分地區地質活躍，最近最嚴重的一次地震發生在2008年的四川。故填serious。

5.語義題。根據Sichuan推測此處填province。

11.翻譯題

Youshould,forexample,dressneatlyandmodestly.Ifyoudresstooinformally,theinterviewermaythinkthatyouarenotseriousabouttheintervieworthatyoumaybecasualaboutyourfuturework.Clothesthataretooexpensiveortoocolorfulmaysuggestthatyoudonotunderstandwhatbehaviorisappropriateforthejob.Itmaynotbetruethat“clothesmaketheman”,butthefirstandoftenlastingimpressionofyouisdeterminedbytheclothesyouwear.

【答案】例如，你應該著裝整潔且恰當。如果你穿得太隨便，面試的人可能會認為你對面試不認真，或者認為你不在意未來的工作。太貴或太鮮艷的衣服可能表明你不懂什么行為適合這份工作。“人靠衣裝”這句話也許不對，但你給人的第一印象，往往是持久的印象，這是由你的著裝所決定的。

12.單選題

Allofthewomen___athowwellformedthebabywas.

問題1選項

A.acclaimed

B.declaimed

C.proclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項acclaimed“稱贊；為……喝彩，向……歡呼”；B選項declaimed“慷慨陳詞；演講；朗讀”；C選項proclaimed“宣告，公布；聲明；表明；贊揚”；D選項exclaimed“（由于強烈的情感或痛苦而）驚叫，呼喊”。句意：所有的婦女都___這個嬰兒發育得多么好。本句表達“婦女稱贊嬰兒發育的好”，因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefsinthedivine,andrespectforthesacredwereconsideredtobethe“opiumofthemasses”and,likeanyotheraddiction,ahindrancetoprogress.

ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildrenabusewentup.

1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat（）.

2.TheGrandNarrativeofProgresscanberealizedbecause（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,theword“malignant”means（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheviewoftheauthor?

問題1選項

A.mythisveryimportantintheproblem-solutionrelationship

B.scienceandtechnologyarehelpfultosolvetheproblems

C.theGrandNarrativeofProgressispowerful

D.problemandsolutionarethetwins

問題2選項

A.itemanatedfromimaginationratherthanreason

B.itisthestoryofamovementtowardagoal

C.itdominatesothervaluesandviews

D.itiswiththoughtandmethod

問題3選項

A.fantastic

B.dominant

C.benign

D.harmful

問題4選項

A.Humanprogresshasnothingtodowithmythologies.

B.Themythhashelpedlittleinshapingthehumanfuture.

C.TheGrandNarrativeofProgressshouldbecriticized.

D.Scienceandtechnologycanleadustoautopianfuture

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據句意:用神話構思問題能更好地從神話的角度解決問題。也就是說,神話在解決問題的過程中非常重要。選項A正確。

2.根據關鍵詞“GrandNarrativeofProgress”定位到第一段“...Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.”這是一個朝著目標前進的故事——成就、進步和征服。“進步大神話”之所以能實現是因為它有明確的目標,朝著目標前進。選項B符合原文。

3.原文中“malignant”修飾shadow,而在接下來的內容中主要描述的是“進步大神話”的負面影響,由此可以推斷,shadow指陰影,選項中表示貶義的形容詞只有選項D,所以“malignant”指有害的。

4.根據原文第三段可知,作者對神話的態度是反對的,緊接著在第四段花大量的篇幅講述了“進步大神話”的負面影響,由此可以推斷,作者認為,“進步大神話”應該受到批評。選項C正確。

14.單選題

Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters.“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareveryroomyforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews,”notedoneobserver.Everythingchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun,pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews,thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience.Thepennypress,followedbyradioandtelevision,turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone-waybroadcast,witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia.

Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,socialanddiverse,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforethemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inmuchoftheworld,themassmediaareflourishing.Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009.Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries.

Overthepastdecade,throughouttheWesternworld,peoplehavebeengivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways.Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling,sharing,filtering,dis