書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-中國礦業大學銀川學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Itistruethat（

）awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

問題1選項

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generation

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。multiply意為“乘”；breed意為“飼養，培育(動植物)”；magnify意為“放大”；generation作名詞時，意為“產生，繁殖”。

句意：將野生植物培育成小麥等主要糧食作物需要進行大量的研究，這一點是千真萬確的。

2.單選題

Medievalistsusuallydistinguishmedievalpubliclawfromprivatelaw:theformerwasconcernedwithgovernmentandmilitaryaffairsandthelatterwiththefamily,socialstatus,andlandtransactions.Examinationonmedievalwomen’slivesshowsthisdistinctiontobeoverlysimplistic.Althoughmedievalwomenwerelegallyexcludedfromrolesthatcategorizedaspublic,suchassoldier,justice,jurymember,orprofessionaladministrativeofficial,women’scontrolofland—usuallyconsideredaprivateordomesticphenomenon—hadimportantpoliticalimplicationsinthefeudalsystemofthirteenth-centuryEngland.Sincelandequaledwealthandwealthequaledpower,certainwomenexercisedinfluencebycontrollingland.Unlikeunmarriedwomenwhowerelegallysubjecttotheirguardiansormarriedwomenwhohadnolegalidentityseparatefromtheirhusbands,womenwhowerewidowshadautonomywithrespecttoacquiringordisposingofcertainproperty,suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts,andmakingwills.

Althoughfeudallandswerenormallytransferredthroughprimogeniture(theeldestsoninheritingall),whennosonssurvived,thesurvivingdaughtersinheritedequalsharesunderwhatwasknownaspartibleinheritance.Inadditiontocontrollinganysuchlandinheritedfromherparentsandanybridaldowry—propertyawomanbroughttothemarriagefromherownfamily—awidowwasentitledtouseofone-thirdofherlatehusband’slands.Called“dower”inEngland,thisgranthadgreaterlegalimportanceundercommonlawthandidthebridaldowry;nomarriagewaslegalunlessthegroomendowedthebridewiththispropertyattheweddingceremony.In1215MagnaCarta(ThecharterofEnglishpoliticalandcivillibertiesgrantedbyKingJohnatRunnymedeinJune1215)guaranteedawidow’srighttoclaimherdowerwithoutpayingafine;thisdocumentalsostrengthenedwidow’sabilitytocontrollandbyprohibitingforcedremarriage.After1272womencouldalsobenefitfromjointure:thegroomcouldagreetoholdpartorallofhislandsjointlywiththebride,sothatifonespousedied,theotherreceivedtheselands.

Sincemanywidowshadinheritancesaswellasdowers,widowswerefrequentlythefinancialheadsofthefamily;eventhoughlegaltheoryassumedthemaintenanceoftheprincipleofprimogeniture,theamountoflandthewidowcontrolledcouldexceedthatofhersonorofothermaleheirs.Anyonewhoheldfeudallandexercisedauthorityoverthepeopleattachedtotheland—knights,rentaltenants,andpeasants—andhadtohireestateadministrators,overseeaccounts,receiverents,protecttenantsfromoutsideencroachment,punishtenantsfornotpayingrents,appointprieststolocalparishes,andactasguardiansoftenants,childrenandexecutorsoftheirwills.Manymarriedwomenfulfilledthesedutiesasdeputiesforhusbandsawayatcourtoratwar,butwidowscouldactontheirownbehalf.Widow’slegalindependenceissuggestedbytheirfrequentappearanceinthirteenth-centuryEnglishlegalrecords.Moreover,thescopeoftheirsway(a:acontrollinginfluenceb:sovereignpower:DOMINIONc:theabilitytoexerciseinfluenceorauthority:DOMINANCE;synonymsseePOWER.)isindicatedbythefactthatsomecontrollednotmerelysingleestates,butmultiplecounties.

26.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

27.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelyexpressesthemeaningoftheworld“sway”asitisusedinLine33ofthepassage?

28.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthefunctionofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

29.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,awidowinearlythirteenth-centuryEnglandcouldcontrolmorelandthandidhereldestsonif（）.

30.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

問題1選項

A.Thetraditionalviewofmedievalwomenaslegallyexcludedfrommanypublicofficesfailstoconsiderthirteenth-centurywomeninEnglandwhowereexemptedfromsuchrestrictions.

B.Theeconomicindependenceofwomeninthirteenth-centuryEnglandwasprimarilydeterminednotbytheirmaritalstatus,butbytheirstatusasheirstotheirparents’estates.

C.Thelawsandcustomsofthefeudalsysteminthirteenth-centuryEnglandenabledsomewomentoexerciseacertainamountofpowerdespitetheirlegalexclusionfrommostpublicroles.

D.DuringthethirteenthcenturyinEngland,widowsgainedgreaterautonomyandlegalrightstotheirpropertythantheyhadhadinpreviouscenturies.

問題2選項

A.Vacillation.

B.Dominion.

C.Predisposition.

D.Inclination.

問題3選項

A.Providingexamplesofspecifichistoricaleventsassupportfortheconclusiondrawninthethirdparagraph.

B.Narratingasequenceofeventswhoseoutcomesdiscussedinthethirdparagraph.

C.Explaininghowcircumstancesdescribedinthefirstparagraphcouldhaveoccurred.

D.Describingtheeffectsofaneventmentionedinthefirstparagraph.

問題4選項

A.thewidowhadbeengrantedthecustomaryamountofdowerlandandtheeldestsoninheritedtherestoftheland

B.thewidowhadthreedaughtersinadditiontohereldestson

C.theprincipleofprimogeniturehadbeenappliedintransferringthelandsownedbythewidow’slatehusband

D.thecombinedamountoflandthewidowhadacquiredfromherownfamilyandfromdowerwasgreaterthantheamountinheritedbyherson

問題5選項

A.explainalegalcontroversyofthepastinlightofmodemtheory

B.evaluatetheeconomicandlegalstatusofaparticularhistoricalgroup

C.resolveascholarlydebateaboutlegalhistory

D.tracethehistoricaloriginsofamodemeconomicsituation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.主旨目的題。全文多次出現關鍵詞，Medievalists,law,women,瀏覽全文，主題句可定位到第一段第三句。“Althoughmedievalwomenwerelegallyexcludedfromrolesthatcategorizedaspublic,suchassoldier,justice,jurymember,orprofessionaladministrativeofficial,women’scontrolofland—usuallyconsideredaprivateordomesticphenomenon—hadimportantpoliticalimplicationsinthefeudalsystemofthirteenth-centuryEngland.（雖然中世紀婦女在法律上被排除在公共角色之外，如士兵、法官、陪審團成員或職業行政官員，但婦女對土地的控制——通常被認為是一種私人或家庭現象——在13世紀的英國封建制度中具有重要的政治含義。）”由此得出本題答案。

27.

語義題。根據題干關鍵詞sway定位到原文最后一段最后一句。“Moreover,thescopeoftheirsway(a:acontrollinginfluenceb:sovereignpower:DOMINIONc:theabilitytoexerciseinfluenceorauthority:DOMINANCE;synonymsseePOWER.)isindicatedbythefactthatsomecontrollednotmerelysingleestates,butmultiplecounties.”后面括號中的內容是對其的解釋說明，括號中提到influence,power,authority，那么sway的意思則應與這些詞相近。選項中dominion意為“主權，統治權”符合要求，從而得出本題答案。

28.

細節事實題。根據題干定位第二段。原文第一段最后一句“Unlikeunmarriedwomenwhowerelegallysubjecttotheirguardiansormarriedwomenwhohadnolegalidentityseparatefromtheirhusbands,womenwhowerewidowshadautonomywithrespecttoacquiringordisposingofcertainproperty,suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts,andmakingwills.”提到了widows（寡婦）如何分得財產，包括suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts和makingwills三種情境，第二段就是圍繞著這幾種情境來具體描述解釋相關的法律規定。從而得出本題答案。

29.

細節事實題。根據題干關鍵詞widow,controlmoreland,hereldestson可定位到原文第二段。根據“thesurvivingdaughtersinheritedequalsharesunderwhatwasknownaspartibleinheritance.”“propertyawomanbroughttothemarriagefromherownfamily”“awidowwasentitledtouseofone-thirdofherlatehusband’slands.”即可得出本題答案。

30.主旨目的題。本文討論的話題背景時期為thirteenth-centuryEngland，與選項B中的aparticularhistoricalgroup對應；原文第一段第四句提到那段特定歷史時期是landequaledwealthandwealthequaledpower與選項B中的theeconomicandlegalstatus對應。從而得出本題答案。

3.單選題

Iamcautiously（）thatanewgovernmentwillbeconcernedandawareabouttheenvironment.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.hostile

C.cynical

D.doubtful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。optimistic“樂觀的”；hostile“敵對的”；cynical“憤世嫉俗的”；doubtful“可疑的”。句意：對于新政府是否會關注環境問題，我持謹慎的______態度。根據關鍵信息cautiously可知選項A符合題意，“樂觀態度”。

4.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

問題2選項

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

問題3選項

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

問題4選項

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

問題5選項

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經成了人們正常生活中的一部分，接下來又提到了由于近百年來科學技術的發展，使得制藥跟買藥的現象越來越普遍，這些都是說明自我治療已經有一段很長的歷史了。選項A符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因為得這些小毛病的人都愿意在短時間內自行買藥治療，選項B符合題意。

3.考察細節事實。文章第二段提到科技進步帶動了醫學的進步，但是醫學進步又產生了兩個不利的影響，一是各種醫藥廣告盛行甚至導致過度服用藥物，二是久坐不動的現象越發嚴重，人們不愛運動、過度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習慣，由于廣告的影響，人們愿意去買藥物自行治療。選項C符合題意。

4.考察細節事實。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會導致情況更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列舉出了很多情況，比如購買的藥物可能有不恰當的成分、使用者會依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過去食用等等。選項D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史；第二段講述了自我治療出現的原因；第三段講述了廣告商對自我治療產生的影響；第四段講述了自我治療有可能會引發的問題。由此可知，全文都是在講述自我治療。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

（）conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問題1選項

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:城邦之間的持續沖突導致了希臘文明的最終衰落。

考查形容詞辨析。continuous和continual都有“連續的，持續的”意思，但continuous強調“不間斷”而continual強調“頻繁，反復”。Constant不變的，恒定的；contrary相反的，對立的。這里是用來形容城邦間的沖突，故選B。

6.不定項選擇題

Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheis（1）somethingtothepublic.Notonly（2）hewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobesomethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.Hehopesthepublicwilllistenandunderstand—hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemto（3）him.

What（4）artistslikepainterswanttoteachiseasyto（5）butdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheir（6）intoshapesandcolors,not（7）.Theyseemtofeelthatacertainselectionofshapesandcolors,outofthecountlessbillionspossible,is（8）interestingforthemandworth（9）tous.Withouttheirwork,we（10）theseparticularshapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedelightwhichtheybroughttotheartists.

Mostartiststaketheirshapesandcolorsfromtheworldofnatureandfromhumanbodies（11）andrepose(休眠).Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthlookingat,thattheycontainbeautiful（12）.Contemporaryartistsmightsaythatthey（13）choosesubjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,thatthereisnothingmoreinit.（14）eventheydonotchooseentirely（15）referencetothecharacteroftheirsubjects.

Ifonepainterchoosetopaintagangrenous(壞疽的)legand（16）alakeinmoonlight,eachofthemisdirectingourattentionto（17）oftheworld.Eachpainteristellingussomething,showingussomething,emphasizingsomething—allof（18）meansthat,（19）,heistryingto（20）us.

問題1選項

A.taking

B.drawing

C.singing

D.saying

問題2選項

A.will

B.does

C.should

D.shall

問題3選項

A.learn

B.learnof

C.learnfrom

D.learnabout

問題4選項

A.visible

B.viewing

C.viewable

D.visual

問題5選項

A.takeout

B.makeout

C.doout

D.speakout

問題6選項

A.happiness

B.sadness

C.experiences

D.experience

問題7選項

A.sentences

B.texts

C.phrases

D.words

問題8選項

A.exceptionally

B.excessively

C.exaggeratedly

D.exactly

問題9選項

A.toshow

B.show

C.showing

D.shown

問題10選項

A.willnevernotice

B.nevernotice

C.havenevernoticed

D.shouldneverhavenoticed

問題11選項

A.inmotion

B.inwork

C.inwalk

D.inmobile

問題12選項

A.paintings

B.sights

C.pictures

D.writings

問題13選項

A.always

B.never

C.merely

D.will

問題14選項

A.Yet

B.Therefore

C.Because

D.So

問題15選項

A.with

B.without

C.becauseof

D.because

問題16選項

A.other

B.another

C.otherwise

D.also

問題17選項

A.thenature

B.aconclusion

C.thesamething

D.acertainaspect

問題18選項

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.them

問題19選項

A.unconsciously

B.intentionally

C.consciously

D.consciouslyorunconsciously

問題20選項

A.draw

B.teach

C.observe

D.study

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】第1題:考查上下文文意義。A選項“拿”；B選項“畫”；C選項“唱”；D選項“說”。句意：每一個藝術家在心底都知道他想向公眾（）什么。Notonly()hewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobesomethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.（他不僅想把它說得好，而且想讓它成為以前沒有說過的東西）。這里出現了兩個say，所以答案應該選D。

第2題:考查上下文文意。A選項“將”；B選項助動詞；C選項“應該”；D選項“將要，應該”。句意：他不僅想把它說得好，而且想讓它成為以前沒有說過的東西。這里后面半句的時態是一般現在時，所以前面句子也要用一般現在時。Not放于句首要用部分倒裝，有情態動詞或系動詞應該把情態動詞或系動詞提前，沒有情態動詞或者系動詞可以在主語之前加助動詞do/dose/did（根據時態和主語人稱選擇）。把情態動詞選項代入句中，不符合邏輯，所以只需要加一個助動詞。

第3題:考查動詞辨析。A選項“學習”；B選項“聽說，聽到”；C選項“向……學習”；D選項“得知關于；學習關于”。句意；他希望他們（）他。根據上文“他希望公眾能傾聽并理解他想要教育他們（hewantstoteachthem）”可知“他”想要教育公眾，即希望“他們（公眾）”向他學習，因此C選擇正確。

第4題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項“看得見的；可見的”；B選項“察看，觀看；收看”；C選項“值得一看的”；D選項“視覺的，視力的；栩栩如生的”。句意：像畫家這樣的（）藝術家想要教的東西很容易。可知空格處是修飾藝術家，只有D選項能和修飾藝術家，表示“視覺藝術家”，其他選項均不可，因此D選項正確。

第5題:考查詞組辨析。A選項takeout“去掉，拿走”；B選項makeout“理解，辨認”；C選項doout“打掃，收拾”D選項speakout“暢所欲言”。句意：畫家想要教的東西很（），但是很難解釋。從句中的but可以看出來前面句子的意思要和后面相反，由此可知答案選B選項。句中想表達的意思是很容易理解但是難以明說。

第6題:考查名詞辨析。A選項happiness“幸福”；B選項sadness“悲傷”；C選項experiences“經歷”；D選項experience“經驗”。句意：因為畫家把他們的（）翻譯成形狀和顏色……。從句意可以把答案D排除；而A、B選項是同級反義詞，選了A就可以選B，所以答案選C最合適。畫家把他們的經歷描述成形狀和顏色。

第7題:考查上下文文意。A選項sentences“句子”；B選項texts“文本”；C選項phrases段落；D選項words“文字”。句意：因為畫家把他們的經歷翻譯成形狀和顏色而不是（）。結合選項都是關于寫作相關的，前面半句顏色和形狀是畫畫里面最小的元素，所以這空也應該選擇寫作里面最小的元素，因此答案選D。

第8題:考查副詞辨析。A選項exceptionally“異常地”；B選項excessively“過分地，極度地，多余地”；C選項exaggeratedly“夸張地”；D選項exactly“恰恰地，正好”。句意：他們似乎覺得，在無數可能的形狀和顏色中，某種選擇對他們來說是（）有趣的。所以答案選A。B選項有點否定成分，所以不能選。

第9題:考查固定搭配。句意：他們似乎覺得，在無數可能的形狀和顏色中，某種選擇對他們來說是非常有趣，且值得向我們展示的。worth后面只能接-ing形式，所以答案選C。

第10題:考查時態。句意：沒有他們，我們將不會關注到這些特殊的形狀和顏色，也不會感受到它們帶給藝術家的快樂。and連接兩個并列成分，and后面句子的時態是過去完成時，所以前面也應該選過去完成時，因此答案選D。

第11題:考查短語辨析。A選項“在活動”；B選項“在工作中”；C選項不是搭配；D選項沒有該搭配。句意：大多數藝術家的作品的形狀和顏色都來自大自然和人類（）和靜止的身體。根據后文中的repose“休眠”，這里應該填一個近義詞或反義詞；結合選項我們這里只能選A：畫家筆下的形狀和顏色來自自然和人類的一舉一動。

第12題:考查上下文文意。A選項“畫”；B選項“眼光，景色”；C選項“圖片”；D選項“寫作”。句意：他們的選擇表明這個世界的這些方面是值得一看的，它們包含著美麗的（）。空格前面的they是指的theseaspectsoftheworld，這里指的是世界包含美麗的景色，所以答案選B。

第13題:考查上下文文意。句意：當代藝術家可能會說，他們（）選擇一種提供了有趣模式的主題，這種主題里面沒有更多的東西。從后面的whichtherearenothingmoreinit可知答案選C。

第14題:考查上下文文意。A選項“然而，但是”；B選項“因此，所以”；C選項“（說明原因）因為，由于；（作出解釋）因為”；D選項“所以；因此”。句意：（），即使是他們也做出選擇……，根據上文提到“當代藝術家可能會說，他們只是選擇了提供有趣模式的主題，沒有其他東西”，說明他們會做選擇，而下文說不會做選擇，因此判斷出上下文之間是轉折的關系，而不是因果關系。A選項正確。

第15題:考查上下文文意。A選項“和……在一起；隨著（表伴隨）”；B選項“沒有，缺乏；不使用，不借助（表示不伴隨）”；C選項“因為；由于（后接名詞或者短語）”；D選項“（說明原因）因為，由于；（作出解釋）因為”。句意：然而，即使是他們也不會完全（）考慮受試者的性格而做出選擇。根據前后文可知這里是雙重否定表示肯定，說明藝術家不會不考慮受試者的性格就做選擇，不包含因果關系，因此B選項正確。

第16題:考查上下文文意。A選項other“其他的”；B選項another“另一個”；C選項otherwise“否則”；D選項also“也”。句意：如果一個畫家選擇畫一條壞腿和（）月光下的湖。and連接兩個相同的成分或者兩個句子；如果and連接的是兩個賓語,那么lake前面應該填形容詞來修飾lake這個名詞，但是結合選項沒有形容詞的選項，而且lake前面有不定冠詞a，在英語里面冠詞應該在形容詞前面所以不能加形容詞。這里謂語動詞出現了省略，因為和and前面的謂語動詞一樣，所以空格這句話省略謂語choosetopaint，這里選another另一個，other指三者及以上。

第17題:考查上下文文意。A選項thenature“本質”；B選項aconclusion“結局，結論”；C選項thesamething“同一件事”；D選項acertainaspect“某一方面”。句意：他們每個人都在引導我們注意世界的（）。根據上文第三段第三句話Theirchoicesindicatethattheseaspectsoftheworld…（他們的選擇表明了這個世界的這些方面……）所以這里空格處應該和前文保持一致，答案選D。

第18題:考查定語從句。句意：所有這些意味著……。破折號不能連接兩個句子，所以不能選D。能夠和allof連用的關系代詞只有A選項which，所以答案選A。

第19題:考查上下文文意。A選項unconsciously“無意識地”；B選項intentionally“故意地”；C選項consciously“有意識地”；D選項consciouslyorunconsciously“有意或者無意地”。句意：所有這些意味著，他正在努力的……。根據上文Eachpainteristellingussomething,showingussomething,emphasizingsomething，我們也不能分辨出畫家是否是有意還是無意地在表達些什么，所以答案選D。

第20題:考查上下文文意。第一段最后一句hewantstoteachthem，全文上下應該保持一致，所以答案選B。

7.單選題

Ourlicensewill（）nextweek，soweshallneedanewone.

問題1選項

A.explore

B.deny

C.expire

D.explode

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項explore“探索，探測”；B選項deny“否認，拒絕”；C選項expire“期滿，終止”；D選項explode“爆炸，激增”。根據句意“我們的執照下周就要到期了，所以我們需要一個新的。”選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentenc