Unit1ExercisesTextcomprehensionStructuralanalysisofthetextRhetoricalfeaturesofthetextVocabularyGrammarTranslationI.Decidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'spurposeofwriting._____A.Toalterawordintheverseofaschoolwritteninhishornour.B.Toencouragehisaudiencetoholdoninthesternsituation.C.ToconvincepeoplethatBritainwillwinthefinalvictory.TextcomprehensionB

II.Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.Britaindidverylittleinthepastmonthstocounter-attacktheenemythathadbombedthecountryferociously.

2.TheBritishwilltakeactionandfightalongwarwhentheyhavetodoit.

T

T

(RefertothelastsentenceofPara.1)

(RefertoPara.2)3.Imaginativepeopleareoptimisticandcourageousenoughtoconceiveofwhatwilloccurnext.4.ManynationsbelievedfromthebeginningthatBritainwouldwinintheend.

F

F

(RefertoPara.4)

(RefertoPara.5)5.Thespeakerretardedwhatotherscalleddarkdaysasgreatdays.

T

(RefertoPara.8)III.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoesthespeakerurgepeopletobepatient?RefertoPara.2.Becauseheunderstandsthatthewarislongandtough:itisnottoendinmonthsbutinyears.Hetellsthepeopletherethathoweverlongthewarlasts,thefinalvictorybelongstoBraitain.Butatthesametimehemakesitclearthatnoteverydayisanopportunitytotakeaction:theyhaveyettowaitandpersevere.2.WhydoesthespeakeradvisetheBritishpeopletotreatTriumphandDisasterinthesameway?RefertoPara.3.BecausehethinksthatbothTriumphandDisasteraredeceptiveinthatpeoplecanmakethingsoutfarworsethantheyreallyarewhentheyhaveadisasterandtheycanlosetheirvigilancewhentheyareintriumph.3.WhatisthechangeinthewidespreadmoodreferredtoinParagraph5?RefertoPara.5.WhenBritaincameundertheheavyairattacksbyGermany,anyothernationsthoughtthatBritainwasfinished.Asthecountrystoodtheordealtotheirgreatsurprise,thosenationschangedtheirview.4.Whydoesthespeakerchangedarkerintosterner?RefertoPara.7.Becausehehasastrongconvictionofvictory.Thetwotermshavedifferentimplications.Whenusedinthetexttorefertothedaysofwar,"darkerdays"emphasizesthedark/negativesideoftheeventandshowstheuser'spessimism."Sternerdays",thoughidenticalinitsreference,suggestsoptimismandprideinhavingthechancetorisetothechanllenge.

5.Doyouthinkthespeakerhadachievedhispurposebytheendofhisspeech?RefertoPara.8.Yes,Ido.BypayingavisittoHarrowSchoolandmakingaspeechthere,ChurchillnotonlyencouragedtheaudienceofhisspeechbuttheBritishpeopleingeneraltocontinuetofightratherthansurrendertotheirenemy.IV.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.1.Therehasbeenthislonglullwithnothingparticularturningup!Britainhasbeenintoolongaperiodofstillnesswithouttakinganyparticularactionagainsttheenemy.2.Wemust"...meetwithTriumphandDisaster.Andtreatthosetwoimpostorsjustthesame."WearesuretoexperiencebothTriumphandDisaster,butmustavoidcloudingourjudgmentthroughexaggeratingtheirimportance.3.Nevergiveinexcepttoconvictionsofhonourandgoodsense.Nevergiveinunlessweareconvincedthatitishonourableandsensibleforustodoso.4.Britain,othernationsthought,haddrawnaspongeacrossherslate.OthernationsthoughtthatBritainwascompletelyconquered.5.Wehaveonlytoperseveretoconquer.Wewillwinaslongasweholdontotheend.StructuralanalysisofthetextInPart2

(Para.2-5)ChurchilloutlinedthelessonstobelearnedfromtheseeventsandhowtheyhadprovedothercountrieswrongaboutBritain.InPart3

(Para.6-8)hetoldtheaudiencethathewantedtochangeawordintheadditionalverseoftheschoolsongandexplainedwhyhewantedtodoit.RhetoricalfeaturesofthetextThefollowingantonymsareusedinthespeech:ups—downs,short—long,triumph—disaster,great—small,large—petty,darkdays—greatdays.Someoftheseantonyms(e.g.great—small,large—petty)areusedtoexpressthedeterminationoftheBritishpeopletofightonforthefinalvictory,andsomeofthem(e.g.darkdays—greatdays)areusedtoencouragetheaudiencenottolosehopeinthefaceofdifficulties.I.Explaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.Vocabularycheermyself

—gladdenmyheartposition

—situation;circunstances12menace

—threatnoble

—splendid;heroicflinching

—suddensmallmovementbecauseofpainorfear345II.Fillintheblank(s)ineachsentencewithawordorphrasetakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.put...throughaddressedhimselfto

33331234wasgoingthroughThrowingourmindsbackto33335678yieldedtocloseouraccountupsanddownsmisfortunesIII.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.1.By,thecorporationwasmakingaloss,forpriceshadfallen________________asadvancedeconomiesunderwentaprofoundtransition.2.Johnsonisn'ttiredofTokyo,itseems,butappearancecanbe_______________.(catastrophe)(deceive)catastrophicallydeceptive3.Althoughastepforwardhadbeentaken,theirreligious_____________preventedthemfromtakinguparms.4.Manyyoungmenarenotallowedtoleavethecountry,_____________becauseoffearsthattheymayjointhearmyinexile.(convict)(apparent)convictionsapparently5.________________infaceofobstaclesandsetbacksisthequalitypeoplemostadmireinothers.6.In______________theyresortedtoviolence.(persevere)(desperately)Perseverencedesperation7.Heknewonlytoowellthathisopponentwasmuchmorepowerfulthanhewas,buthestillfought______________.8.Ihaveneverseenanyonewhoisas_____________asheis.(flinch)(courage)unflinchinglycourageousIV.Chooseawordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.12345678CDADBACAV.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.threat(danger)Synonym:1.menace2.catastrophicAntonym:happy(successful)positionSynonym:3.station4.apparentlySynonym:seemingly5.triumphAntonym:defeat(failure)retreat(shrink,withdraw)Synonym:6.plimentSynonym:praise(commend,laud)8.liquidateSynonym:destroy

VI.explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence.123charge:proven:commonly:currentshownfrequently456down:stepupyourefforts:absorbs:depressedtryhardertakesinI.Improvethefollowingsentences.GrammarTheschoolteachesshorthand,bookkeepingandtheuseofbusinessmachines.Thesentenceisdifficulttounderstandnotbecauseofthetechnicalvocabularybutbecauseofthefaultysyntax.12Mariancouldnotdecidewhethertostartcollegerightafterhighschoolortogetajobfirst.TheAlliesdecidedtoinvadeItalyandthentolaunchamassiveassaultontheNormandycoast.34Theactorwasstunnednotonlybythenoiseofbooingbutalsobythesightofflyingtomatoes.SmokingcigarettescanbeasdangerousasplayingRussianroulette.56Thetriptothecityisneitherlongnorexpensive.Youmusteitherstayhomeorgowithus.78Thecourseconsistsofseverallectures,threewrittenreports,andtwoimpromptuoralpresentations.Therequirementsforachemistrydegreearenotasstrictastherequirements/thoseforamedicaldegree.910II.Combinethesentencesineachofthefollowinggroupsintoone,usingparallelconstructionswherepossible.HeidiRosswasbothrichandpowerful.Mostofthefloggingandlynchingsoccuratharvesttime,whenfruithangsheavyandripe,whentheleavesareredandgold,whennutsfallfromthetrees,whentheearthoffersitsbest.12Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat..BlaxkpeopleinAmericahavebeenneglectedandunderestimatedforyears,buttheirrecentaccomplishmentsinavarietyoffieldshavemade"blackpower"realandblackpridepossible.34NewstudentswillregisteronMonday;second-yearstudentswillregisteronTuesday,andseniorstudentswillregisteronWednesday.Theactortaughthisstudentshowtoread,howtostand,howtocryandhowtotalkwithfans.56Wecannotbeworriedaboutorterrifiedofthedifficultiesinlife.Thefactoryworkerswereready,able,anddeterminedtodoagreatjob.78III.Fillintheblankineachsentencewiththechoiceyouthinkthemostappropriate.12345678BDDCCCABIV.Combinethesentencesineachgroupintooneortwosentences.Itmaybenecessarytochangethewordingortheorderinwhichtheformationispresented.Secretariesdonotwantflowersbuttherecognitionoftheirabilitiestohelpmanagementtogetmoredoneatlesscost,thuscontributingtoprofitability.Theywould,therefore,liketoberecognizedasprofessionalcoworkers.1InMedievaltimesintelligentmenfrequentlybecamepriests.Theydidsotogaininfluentialpositions,for,inspiteofthenumberofbishopsfromroyalfamilies,theChurchwasademocraticinstitutioninwhichabilitycouldmakeitsway.23Imisstheopenfirenowthatmosthouseshavecentralheating.Centralheatingprovideswarmthbutitdoesnotprovideafocalpointinaroom,whichdepressesme.V.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsgiven.Trains__________________________(run)verybadlysincetherailwaystaff_____________(begin)a"go-slow"lastmonth.Severaltimesit______________(take)menearlytwohourstogethomewhereasinnormalconditionsit____________(take)mehalfthetime,andwhenI_____________(return)fromBrightonlastweekthetrain_________(be)overthreehourslate.haverun/havebeenrunningbeganhastakentakesreturnedwas

Thepassengers___________(become)furiousthattheyliterally____________(scream)attheticketcollectorasthey___________________(leave)theplatform.I_________________(never,see)passengersbehavelikethatbefore.becamescreamedleft/wereleavinghaveneverseenI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Translation但我們必須學(xué)會一樣善于應(yīng)付短暫而干脆與漫長而艱難局面。1人們普遍認(rèn)為英國