Unit2BacktoNature

實用英語第三冊外國語學院大外二教研室

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Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweencitylifeandcountrylife?2.Whichdoyoulikebetter?Citylifeorcountrylife?Why?Somepicturesforreference.countrycityenvironmenteducationtransportationshoppingTextABacktoNature1.Forcenturiestownandcountryhavebeenregardedasbeing

inoppositionto

eachother.It

hasbeensuggestedthatthesuperficialdifferencesbetweenthetwo—

wide-openspacescontrastingwithbrickandconcrete—areless

importantthanthecontrastingattitudestowardstownandcountry.2Iamoneofthemanycitypeople

who

arealwayssayingthat

given

thechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.

Ihavemanaged

toconvince

myselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.

Buthowrealisticisthisdream?Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.

Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.

Thesenseof

belongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.

Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.

Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,with

nowhere

toplay;theirmothersfeel

isolatedfromtherestoftheworld.

Strangelyenough,

whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturnto

whentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutoff

fromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightly

outoftheordinary

youhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsneurosisandafeelingofisolation—constantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecentreofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanend

athalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound

(orrather

bought)a

compromisebetweenthetwo;theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”byleavingthesuburbsandmovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceofthelargeconurbations.

Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowers

theyleavebehind

—theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceonto

theunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegate,chewingapieceofgrassandmurmuring“mornin”tothelocalsastheypass.I’mkeenon

theidea,butyouseethere’smycat,Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketo

allthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithallthoseheartymalesdownonthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

...wide-openspacescontrastingwithbrickandconcrete...—...wide-openspacesincontrasttobrickandconcrete...Forcenturiestownandcountryhavebeenregardedasbeinginoppositiontoeachother.—Forcenturiespeoplehavebeenthinkingthattownandcountryareopposingtoeachother.inoppositionto:

opposing;beingagainst

Truthstandsinoppositiontofalsehood.真理同謬誤是對立.Whatyoudidwasinoppositiontomywishes.你做事情與我愿望正相反.

contrast:

v.tocomparesothatdifferencesaremadeclear

Inthisbook,thewritercontrasts

goodwithevil.

Contrastthecopywiththeoriginal.請將復印件與原件對照一下

cf.contrast:parisonofunlikeobjects,esp.toshowdifferencesIncontrasttothatlastproblem,thisoneiseasy.2)comparisonofunlikeobjects,esp.toshowdifferences

ThereisanobviouscontrastbetweentheculturesofEastandWest.

東西方文化之間存在著顯著差異

concrete:

n.abuildingmaterialmadebymixingsand,verysmallstones,cement,andwater

cf.concrete:

adj.definite;existingassomethingrealorsolid

Theyliveinsoullessconcreteblocks.他們住在了無生氣混凝土樓房里.Allactualobjectsareconcrete.

一切實際存在物體都是詳細.

...whoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoicewewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.—...whoaresayingagainandagainthatiftheyhadthechancetochoose,theywouldliketoliveinthecountryandgofarawayfromthelargecitywhichisdirtyandnoisy.

bealwaysdoing:

usedtoimplythatthisisafrequentlyrepeatedactionbuttherepetitionannoysthespeaker/writerorseemsunreasonabletohimTheyarealwaysgoingawayforweekends.given(that):1)ifallowed;

providedwith

Giventhechance,hemighthavebecomeanoutstandingpainter.given(that):

2)ifonetakesintoaccounts

Given

thattheyarefreshfromuniversity,theyoungpeoplehavedoneagoodjob.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.—Ihavesuccessfullymademyselfbelievethat,ifitweren’tformyjob,Iwouldsetoutatoncetowardstheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomeveryquietvillagewhichishiddeninthecountry.convince:

v.tocause(someone)tobelieveorfeelcertain;cause(someone)torealize

You'llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.

你要使他們相信你殷切希望得到這份工作。Heinstantlyconvincedhimselfthatthestorywastrue.headout:tostarttomoveinacertaindirection;setout

Theshiplefttheportandheaded

outtosea.cf.headfor:

tomoveinthedirectionofWesawhimheading

forus,sowesteppedasideThemajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.

Mostpeopleliveincrowdedhigh-risebuildingswhicharenoisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.—Ifyouliveonthefifteenthfloor,youdon’thaveanyfeelingthatyouareamemberofacommunity.belongto:tobeamemberorpropertyof

Wheat,maizeandoatsbelongtothegraingroup.小麥,玉米及燕麥都屬谷類.

ThishousemustbelongtoJohn.這棟房子一定是約翰.

Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.—Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervousbecausetheyareshutupathomealldayandtheyfindnoplacetoplay;whiletheirmothersfeelcutofffromtheoutsideworld.nowhere:notinanyplaceortoanyplace

ThisanimalisfoundinAustralia,and

nowhereelse.

這種動物生長在澳大利亞，別處沒有。

Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llendup

nowhere.如不努力工作,你就一事無成.

isolate:

v.tocausetobealone

orseparatedfromothersDonotisolateyourselffromothers.不要把自己孤立起來.

Weshouldneverisolateourselvesfromthemasses.我們永遠不能脫離群眾.

strangely(enough):

anexpressionusedtoshowourattitudetowhatwearesayingandemphasizethatwhatwearesayingissurprising.Usuallyitcomesininitialpositionandisfollowedbyacomma(,).Thistypeofexpressioniscalled“discoursemarkers”.

Actually,you’remistaken.

Frankly,Ithinkhe’hatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.—...forthereasonthat,ingeneral,hat:becauseIpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.HespeakspoorChineseinthatheisforeign-born.turnto:toappealtoforaid

Theorphanhadnobodytoturn

to.

Wemayturntothelaw.

我們能夠求援于法律.cf.turntoWaterturns

toiceatzeroCentigrade.(=tochangeinto)Afterhelefttheuniversityhebecameateacher,buthelaterturned

totranslation.(=tobeginsomethingordoingsomethingdifferent)...itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportantevents...—...itistrue,too,thatyouareshutupofftheexcitingandimportantevents...cutoff:todisconnect

Theywerealmostcompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.他們幾乎完全與外界絕緣了.

...andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothenearestlargetown.

andyouhavenochoicebuttomakealongjourneytothenearestlargetowninordertobuyanythingthatisalittlebitunusual.slight:

a.notgreat;smallorweakaslightheadache(稍微有點頭痛)aslightbook(一本無足輕重書)

cf.little:

a.small;young;notimportant

twolittleinsects(兩個小昆蟲)alittlegirl(一個小女孩)thelittlethingsoflife(生活中瑣碎事情)outoftheordinary:unusualorunexpected

MichaelScofield

wasapersonoutoftheordinary.

邁克爾·斯科菲爾德是一個不一樣凡響人物.

Sofar,nothingoutoftheordinaryhashappened....thecitybreedsneurosisandafeelingofisolation

—constantnoisebattersthesenses....thecitycausesnervousdiseasesandafeelingofisolation—noisethatoccursallthetimedoesgreatharmtopeople’ssenses.

breed:v.1)tocauseorbethebeginning

Violencebreedsviolence.暴力會催生更多暴力。

Fliesinfoodshopsbreeddisease.食品店里蒼蠅能引發疾病.

breed:v.2)tobringup

Theparentsaretryingtobreedtheirsonamusician.

...andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalfpastnineatnight....andthatthesocialactivitiesandpleasuredon’tstopathalfpastnineatnight/etoanend:tofinish

Themeetinghascometoanend.會議結束了.

Flowersfadewhentheycometoanend.花兒開過就凋謝了.

Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo;...Somepeoplehavefound(bought,tobeexact)acompromisebetweencitylifeandcountrylife.orrather:moreexactly;moretruly;itwouldbebettertosay

ImethimverylateonFridaynight,orrather,earlyonSaturdaymorning.我在星期五深夜見到他,更確切地說是在星期六凌晨.

...withincommutingdistanceofthelargeconurbations....whicharenotfarfromthelargeconurbationssothattheycancommutetoandfromworkeveryday.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind...Ingeneraltheyarealmostassensitiveastheplasticflowerswhichtheyleftathomeinthecities...plasticflower:atypeofartificialflower.Nomatterhowitismadeordecorated,itisstillunreal.Theauthorusedittoimplythatthosepeoplewholeaveforthecountrystillbelongtocitieswheretheyarecultivated.leavebehind:tofailtotakeorbring,

esp.byaccident

IthinkIleftmycreditcardbehindattherestaurant.Ohdear!Thetravellingbaghasbeenleft

behind.

...whichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages....whichtheyimposeontheoriginalvillagerswhoareunwillingtoaccepttheirstrangeideas.

forceonto/onto:tocause(something)tobeacceptedby(anunwillingperson)

Nopoweronearthcouldforcemetodoit.誰也不能強迫我做這事.

Theydidn’twantthewar.Itwasforced

onto/ontothem.Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegate,chewingapieceofgrassThenIwonderifIcanrealizemydreamsofstandingagainstacottagegate,havingapieceofgrassinmouth...lean:

v.torestagainst(something);beintheposition

thatisnotupright

Leaniton/againstthewall.Sheleanedon/againsthisshoulder.I’mkeenontheideaIhaveastrongdesire/reallyhopethatmydreamsmightcometrue,...

bekeenon/about:tobeinterestedin;haveastronglikingfor

Heiskeenonangling.他喜歡釣魚

I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Ihavenoideawhetherhewouldlikeallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.taketo:

v.1)tolike

Summerissuchacuteboythateverybodytakestohimatonce.taketo:

v.2)todevelopthehabitof

Itooktostamp-collectingin1980.OutlinePara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6ThecontrastingattitudestowardstownandcountryIwouldprefertoliveinthecountry.CitiescanbefrighteningplacesAdvantagesanddisadvantagesofcountrylifeSomepeoplehavefoundacompromisebetweenthetwolives.Mydreams.Completethetablewiththeinformationyou’vegotfromthepassage.TypesoflifeAdvantagesDisadvantagesCitylife1.Youareatthe_______ofthings.2.Lifelastsuntil_________.1.________,________and

_______________.2.Thesenseof_________________________

disappears.CountrylifeYouhaveasenseof________________.2.Youenjoy_____________________alife.1.Beingcutofffrom2.Littlepossibilityof_____________________________3_____________becomesamajorproblem.centerlateatnighttogethernesspeacefulandquietdirtynoiseimpersonalbelongingtoacommunitytheexcitingandimportanteventstakingplaceincitiesgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovieShoppingFillintheblankswiththegivenwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Anyimprovementiswelcome,nomatterhow________itis.2.Hisactions________sharplywithhispromisesorprinciples.3.She________againstthewallasshewastootiredtowalkon.4.Luckily,shewasunhurtinthecaraccidentexceptforafew___________cuts.5.Itis____________toconsiderthepossibleconsequenceofreleasingdangerouschemicalsintotheenvironment.

lean

slight

isolate

convince

improvementfrighten

preference

contrast

compromise

superficialslightcontrastleanedsuperficialfrighteningFillintheblankswiththegivenwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.6.Inasense,noonelivestotallyalone,________fromthesocietyaroundhimorher.7.Ihopewe’llbeabletocometoa____________

afteraheart-to-hearttalk.8.Afteraheatedargumentwewerefinally____________

thatthestateshoulddevelopamarketeconomy.9.Ithinkthereisconsiderableroomfor_____________instatefacilitiesfortreatingthementallyhandicapped.10.Whenasked,manystudentsexpressedastrong___________foronlinelearning.

lean

slight

isolate

convince

improvementfrighten

preference

contrast

compromise

superficialisolatedcompromiseconvincedimprovementpreferenceE-CTranslationSkills定語從句翻譯(2)：非限制性定語從句或較長限制性定語從句可譯成后置并列分句。非限制性定語從句用來對先行詞作附加說明，在文字上普通有逗號與先行詞隔開，與先行詞關系較為渙散。非限制性定語從句在語意上靠近于并列結構，翻譯時通常可譯成并列分句，放在先行詞后面。比如：E-CTranslationSkills1.Mr.Smith,whocametoseemeyesterday,isarelativeofmywife’s.

史密斯先生昨天來看過我，他是我妻子親戚。2.Mancannotliveonthemoon,wherethereisnoairandwater.

人類不能在月球上居住，那里沒有空氣和水。3.Wehavetwospareroomsupstairs,neitherofwhichhasbeenmuchusedinthepasttwoyears.

我們樓上有兩間空房，前兩年沒怎么用。E-CTranslationSkills4.John,whosewifeisill,cannotcometotheparty.

約翰不能來參加聚會，他妻子病了。