精品資料精品資料新仁愛(ài)版九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)〔現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo).掌握過(guò)去分詞的分類(lèi)方式.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu).掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)二、知識(shí)講解觀察句子：Theblackboardisclean.Hehasjustcleanedit. JII .PTheblackboardisclean.Hehasjustcleanedit. JII .PThetrashcanisempty.Shehasthrownoutthetrash.Thetrashcanisempty.Shehasthrownoutthetrash.Thelivingroomisveryclean.WhyThelivingroomisveryclean.WhyHismotherhascleanedit.看下列句子的相似點(diǎn)Hehasjustcleanedit.Shehasthrownoutthetrash.Hismotherhascleanedit.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一一敘述已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情或已有過(guò)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have（has）+P.P.（過(guò)去分詞）規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成：orderedcriedplannedborrowedarrivedcarriedmovedGroupAfinishedGroupBreceivedGroupCstudiedGroupD￡toppedRuleA直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加RuleB以色結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞.在詞尾加RuleC以輔普字母加V型尾的，支Y為1加■&）RuleD以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾輔音字母加一E不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)速記A--A--A型（現(xiàn)在式、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形）切支密，下肅

冷花割打讓放燥傷園原移過(guò)去式過(guò)去分間costcostcostcutcutcuthithithitletletletputputputreadreadreadhurthurthurtA-—A-—B型（現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式同形）beat beat beaten打A-—B-—A型（現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去分詞同形）come came come 來(lái)become became become變r(jià)un ran run 跑A---B---B型(1)動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)車(chē)有音字母d或t構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。Burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned燃燒learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt學(xué)習(xí)meanmeantmeant意思hearheardheard聽(tīng)見(jiàn)⑵把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)車(chē)有音字母ad”到“t”構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借給sendsentsent送spendspentspent花費(fèi)loselostlost失去

⑶其他paypaidpaid付laylaidlaid卜蛋saysaidsaid說(shuō)bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtbought買(mǎi)thinkthoughtthought想fightfoughtfought戰(zhàn)斗catchcaughtcaught抓住teachtaughttaught教sleepsleptslept睡keepkeptkept保持sweepsweptswept掃standstoodstood站understandunderstoodunderstood明白winwonwon得勝feelfeltfelt覺(jué)得findfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)getgotgot得到havehadhad有holdheldheld持倡,握l(shuí)eaveleftleft離開(kāi)makemademade制造meetmetmet遇見(jiàn)sellsoldsold賣(mài)shootshotshot射擊telltoldtold告訴sitsatsat坐digdugdug挖5.A--B——C型(現(xiàn)在式、過(guò)公式和過(guò)去分詞都不相同)(1)動(dòng)詞原形后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞。eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落卜stealstolestolen偷givegavegiven給freezefrozefrozen凍結(jié)taketooktaken拿seesawseen看見(jiàn)writewrotewritten寫(xiě)rideroderidden騎drivedrovedriven駕駛throwthrewthrown拋，扔blowblewblown吹growgrewgrown生長(zhǎng)knowknewknown知道flyflewflown飛drawdrewdrawn拉，繪畫(huà)showshowedshown展小⑵過(guò)去式力口-n或-en構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞。speakspokespoken說(shuō)話(huà)breakbrokebroken破碎，折斷wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒choosechosechosen選擇forgetforgotforgotten忘記⑶變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母”i”分別為“a”（過(guò)去式）和“u”（過(guò)去分詞）。beginbeganbegun開(kāi)始ringrangrung按鈴singsangsung唱sinksanksunk譏swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk飲⑷其他不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化。be(am,is)wasbeen是be(are)werebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone去lielaylain躺wearworeworn穿現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have（has）+P.P.（過(guò)去分詞）+…主語(yǔ)（第一、二人稱(chēng)單、復(fù)數(shù)）+have+過(guò)去分詞（第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)） +have+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)（第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)） +has+過(guò)去分詞例旬：IhavelivedinBeijingforalongtime.Wehaveknowneachother.Youhavecompletedthehomework.Theyhavepassedtheexam.Hehaswonthefirstprize.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+have（has）+not+P.P.（過(guò)去分t+…主語(yǔ)（第一、二人稱(chēng)單、復(fù)數(shù)）+have+not+過(guò)去分詞（第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)） +have+not+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)（第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)） +has+not+過(guò)去分詞例旬：Ihaven'tbeentoShanghai.Wehaven'tseenthismovieyet.HehasntbeentoBeijingsincethen.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：Have（Has）+主語(yǔ)+P.P.（過(guò)去分詞） +…？例句： --Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?--Yes,Ihave.-No,Ihaven't.-Hashearrivedhere?-Yes,hehas.-No,hehasn't.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have（has）+主語(yǔ)+P.P.（過(guò)去分詞） +…？例旬：HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?Whathaveyoulearnedinthissemester?Whyhashebeenhere?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法.影響、結(jié)束：表示在過(guò)去不確定的時(shí)間里發(fā)生過(guò)或者未發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響；表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作最近剛結(jié)束。.繼續(xù)：表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)（也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去）.經(jīng)驗(yàn)：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。具體講解:.影響、結(jié)束A.表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的、發(fā)生過(guò)的事情，對(duì)目前的某種影響，這時(shí)一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；也可以表示到目前為止沒(méi)有發(fā)生或經(jīng)歷的事情。例旬：Wehavealreadycleanedtheclassroom.Samhasseentheconcert.Hedoesn 'twanttoseeitagain.IhavenevervisitedLondon.B.表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作最近剛結(jié)束 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束時(shí)，常和以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：just剛剛，already已經(jīng)，ever曾經(jīng),recently最近，never從未，yet還，仍然（否定句）；已經(jīng)（疑問(wèn)句）.例旬：Haveyoueverworkedonafarm?Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Hehasjustcome..繼續(xù)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)：從 開(kāi)始for+一段時(shí)間：在……期間例旬：IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.HehasstudiedEnglishsincehewasfiveyearsold.---Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?---1camehereanhourago.I 'vebeenforaboutanhour..經(jīng)驗(yàn)表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)的事情常和以下的詞連用： often經(jīng)常，never從不，ever曾經(jīng)，once一次twice兩次,since自從，before之前.例旬：Jimhasbeenlateforclassfivetimes.Hehasneverbeen川inhislife.Wehavevisitedyourschoolbefore.使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需注意事項(xiàng)：.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別.when不能和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)里的使用.have/hasbeento與have/hasgoneto現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：Ihavewashedthecar.（Itisclean.）Iwashedthecaryesterday.（butitmaybedirtynow.）Thelifthasbrokendown.（Wehavetousethestairs.）Theliftbrokedownyesterday.（Wedon'tknowwhetherornotitisworkingagain.）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在時(shí)間上與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，因此它不能和表示確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如ago（以前）、yesterday（昨日）、lastweek（上周）、threeyearsago（三年前）、in2001（2001年）、以及以when為首的疑問(wèn)句等。在完成時(shí)句子中，終止性動(dòng)詞（也叫點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）一般不能與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。when不能和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用：A:HaveyouevermetSally?

B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyoumeether?B:Lastweek.A:Oh.Shehasbeenherealready.A:Ithinkthebookisworthreading.B:Haveyouborroweditfromourlibrary?A:Yea,Ihave.B:Whendidyouborrowit?A:Twodaysago.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）表示不能延續(xù)，只是一瞬間就結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。因此在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，這種動(dòng)詞不能與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有:arrive至U達(dá)come來(lái)arrive至U達(dá)come來(lái)leave離開(kāi)begin開(kāi)始borrow借buy買(mǎi)die去世go去join經(jīng)加lose失去marry結(jié)婚stop停止非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)里不能和表示一段時(shí)間的for或者since連用。Iboughtabikethreeyearsago.Ihavehadthebikeforabout3years.---1borrowedabookfromthelibrary.---Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?

---Whendidhisgrandpadie?---Tenyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortenyears.Hehasleft.Hehasbeenawayforalongtime.常見(jiàn)的相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下borrow/borrow/lend->keep,finish/end>beaver,open->beopen,die-^bedead,getup>beup,fallill今beill,join->bein/bea...membeGbuyhave,begin/start今beon,close->beclosed,leave^beaway(from)fallasleep^beasleep,lcse->belost,jointhearmy^beinthearmy/beasoldier,arrive/come/go/move/reach/getto^bein/at/behere/bethere三、練習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago.Helefthomethreedaysago.Hehomefor3days.Iboughtthewatch2weeksago.Ithewatchsince2weeksag