1、2013年 12 283(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4.TranslationPart IWriting1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on thepicture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the picture, giverelevant examples, and

2、 then explain what you will do to solve the problem. Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正確答案：As is portrayed in the picture, humansliving space is decliningin modern cities with the high-rises springing up. On the top of a glass-and-steel highbuilding, four athletes are co

3、mpeting with each other in a long-distance running race,who are surrounded by stretches of skyscrapers. The race is special in that all therunners could only run on the running machines due to the limited activity space ofurban residents.More examples could serve as proofs of the serious problem. Th

4、eexpansion of urban construction narrows down open space, leaving city-dwellersfewer opportunities to appreciate colorful natural landscape. Moreover, the ecosystemhas been lashed with the development of modern cities. The modern world is deprivedof joy for the lack of birdstweet.The only way out is

5、 to carry out the strategy ofsustainable development Firstly, it is time to increase the investment of landscapedesign and construction in order to increase the rate of urban landscaping. Secondly,environment-friendly architectures and transportation systems could be promoted tobuild a sustainable s

6、ociety.解析：第一段：第三段：提出建議：實施城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展計劃。Part IIListening ComprehensionSection A聽力原文：W: I was working on a paper about the differences between womenand men. I have been thinking about it all these days, but no satisfactory results comeout M: Ah, you may not realize re working on a complicated philosophica

7、lissue.W: I know exactly that men and women are different. They sometimes dontunderstand each other at all. M: I agree. Men and women are interested in differenttopics when they are talking. Last weekend, John and I went to a ball game. Whenre at the game, we talked about the players and what s goin

8、g on in the game andnothing else. I think women wouldn t do that. W: You bet! Yesterday, a friend and Isat at a cafe and talked about nothing, and everything! Urn. about my sister s newbaby. and about when she could go back to work. and you know, who should takecare of the baby. things like that. M:

9、 When a woman talks with a man,3she ll oftenfeel as though he wasnt really listening or that he wasnt really having a conversation,right? W: Yeah, that sounds very familiar to me.M: And I think a man doesntunderstand what the woman really wants from him. W: I guess he probably wonderswhats her point

10、?, wheres this conversation going?”M: To speak from experience,for a man, talking is generally more straightforwardits about giving and gettingfacts. Men generally dont base their friendships on talking, but on doinggettingtogether with buddies, playing sports or hanging out. W: Well, for me, a best

11、 friend issomeone I can be close with and talk to. I can talk with her in detail about everydayevents in our lives. We share feelings and secrets. This offers a chance to betterunderstand our world and ourselves.1 What is the woman doing recently?2 What willmen probably talk about in a ball game?3 H

12、ow does a woman probably feel in aconversation with a man?4 According to the woman, what role does touting play inwomens friendship?2Looking for a person to talk to.Working on a troublemaking talking.CTrying to understand the two genders.Trying to understand friendship between women.正確答案：C解析：選項形式均為

13、，可以預測問題是問某人在做什么。對話剛C 的 two genders“兩性”是原文 women和 men 的概括，為答案。3Their favorite players.Their careers.CTheir family.Their recent life.正確答案：A“他們喜歡的球員”與對話內容相符，為答案。4Enthusiastic.Doubtful.CPeaceful.Cautious.正確答案：B解析：選項均為表達情緒、感受的形容詞，話題又是男女之間的比較，故性交談時會懷疑男性是否真的與她在交流，故選 。5An effective tool to help form s frien

14、dship.A way to understand and appreciate friends.CAn access that a woman can express her troubles.An effective way to achieve something from s friends.正確答案：A解析：選項為名詞短語，中心詞是 tool、way等，說明是問某物的作用。女士的最后一輪話說明了 talking 的作用：朋友就是可以拿來親近和傾訴的，“幫助女性朋友建立友誼的有效手段”符合題意。聽力原文：W: Honey, could you come here for a secon

15、d. We need to talk. Myparents are coming to visit next week and I want to get this place clean. Besides, it isalmost April and it is time for some spring cleaning anyway. M: I hate cleaning. Cantwe just tidy up a bit the night before your parents get here? W: No! This place is apigsty! We cant just

16、tidy up the house. We need to do a deep cleaning. The upstairs isa disaster area. Lets start by cleaning out your bedroom closet You have a lot of junkin there. M: My closet? Your parents aren t even going to go in the closet. I say wewipe down the kitchen counter and maybe vacuum the rug in the liv

17、ing room. That sall we need to do. W: No way. The house is trashed and I am too embarrassed to havemy parents see it like this. You never pick up after yourself and the kids never do theirchores. What happens is I end up doing all the cleaning.8Today you are going to dosome of the dirty work. The up

18、stairs toilet is blocked. I want you to fix that and cleanthe entire bathroom with bleach. Make sure to air it out when you are done. Nobodylikes that bleach smell. M: That sounds horrible! What are you going to do? W: I mgoing to pick up all of the dirty clothes in the kids room and do the wash. I

19、will comeupstairs in one hour to check on you M: OK. I ll get started upstairs.W: Now that isthe right attitude! You are such a great husband. M: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Let s just getthis over with. I want to watch the game this afternoon at 4:00.5 What is the man sattitude towards housework?6 What do we

20、 learn about the mans bedroom closet?7What does the woman say about the house?8 What does the man decide to do?6Reluctant.Positive.CAmbitious.Indifferent.正確答案：A 。7No one wants to look at the closet.The man has already cleaned it up.CIt has gradually become a trash can.It is occupied by lots of usele

21、ss stuff.正確答案：D些沒用的東西(junk)D的 useless stuff對應對話中的 junk，故為答案。8The stairs to upper floor are broken.The upstairs toilet is full of bleach smell.CIt should be entirely cleaned up.It is often tidied up by the s parents.正確答案：C解析：女士對房子的整潔很有意見，她認為“我們要做個大掃除 (a deepcleaning) C 是正確答案。9Pick up dirty clothes.Fi

22、x the upstairs toilet.CWatch the game.Do the wash.正確答案：B B的 upstairs toilet 士修理 toilet，因此男士很可能會去清理洗手間，選 。Section B聽力原文：The advantages and disadvantages of a large population havelong been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that thesupply of good land is limited. To feed a l

23、arge population, inferior land must becultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less andthis means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope forspecialization and the

24、 development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways,which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.Oneof the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the factthat official attitudes to population growth vary from country to count

25、ry, depending onthe level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In adeveloping country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon thelimits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of governmentto place a limit on the birthr

26、ate, whatever the consequences might be.11A decreasingbirthrate may lead to unemployment, because it results in a declining market formanufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, pricesalso decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such asth

27、ese, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowlyincreasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.9 What has longbeen a topic of discussion among economists?10 What is one of the difficulties incarrying out a world-wide birth control program?11 What conse

28、quence may adecreasing birthrate result in?10The merits and drawbacks of a large population.The disadvantages of a large population.CThe advantages of a small population.The rapidly growing world population.正確答案：AA中的merits對應文中的drawbacks對應disadvantages，故本題的答案為 。The level of education varies around th

29、e world.The economistsattitudes to population differ greatly.CThe living standard varies from country to country.The countriesattitudes to population differ greatly.正確答案：DD表達的正是此義，故為答案。12Great pressure on housing.Rising demands of goods.CThe prosperity of the building industry.A declining market for

30、 manufactured goods.正確答案：D 。聽力原文：Those who use solar energy help us save our precious fuel. Asyou know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough onhand to meet all our future energy needs. And when Mother Nature says thats all,thats all. The only way we can delay hearin

31、g those words is by starting to save energynow and by using other sources, such as the sun.We wont have to worry aboutthe suns running out of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides beingan endless source of energy, the use of the sun has other advantages as well. Forexample, the sun

32、 does not offer pollution as other energy sources.Furthermore,owners of solar homes will have extra protection against rising fuel costs. They willalso have some protection against fuel shortage. When utility costs go up, owners ofsolar homes wont have to face the burdens brought about by increased

33、costs.With all these good points, why don t we see more of solar power? There are manyreasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not practical for ahome owner to put in a solar unit. There were cheaper sources of energy around. Solarcosts are starting to equal the costs of

34、 oil and electricity. And experts say that gas willtriple in cost in the next few years. In fact, gas is in such short supply right now that,in some places, it is not sold to new customers. Some customers are even having theirsupplies cut back.12 What is the only way to delay hearing Mother Nature s

35、 wordsabout energy shortage?13 What will owners of solar homes not worry about?14 Whatis the biggest reason for not using more solar power now?15 How will the price of gasmost be likely to change in the next few years according to experts?13Rising fuel costs to limit the use of it.Saving energy and

36、use other sources.CHaving protection against fuel shortage.Putting in a solar unit in every house.正確答案：B省能源并使用其他能源，如太陽能。B符合文意。14The disadvantages of solar energy.The pollution of other energy sources.CThe rising fuel costs and fuel shortage.The costs of solar energy system.正確答案：C他們也不必擔心能源匱乏。因此，本題選 C

37、。15There is no space to put in solar units.It is decided by Mother Nature.CIt is not the right time to use it.It costs too much to use it.正確答案：DD表達的正是此意，故為本題答案。16It will go up.It will come down.CIt will go up and down.It will stay the same.正確答案：A解析：由選項可知，本題問 It 在未來的發(fā)展趨勢。It 在此處指代的是 theprice of gas。短文

38、提到，專家們說在接下來的這些年里 gas的價格會增至三倍(triple)之高。即其價格將上漲，因此本題選 。Section C聽力原文：M: At every stage of our lives we make decisions that will profoundlyinfluence the lives of the people we re going to become, and then when we becomethose people, re not always thrilled with the decisions we made.W: So youngpeople p

39、ay good money to get tattoos removed that teenagers paid good money to get.Mid-die-aged people rushed to divorce people who young adults rushed to marry.Older adults work hard to lose what middle-aged adults worked hard to gain. On andon and on. The question is, why do we make decisions that our fut

40、ure selves so oftenregret?M: I think one of the reasons ll try to convince you todayis that we havea fundamental misconception about the power of time. Every one of you knows thatthe rate of change slows over the human lifespan, that your children seem to changeby the minute but your parents seem to

41、 change by the year.W: But what is the name ofthis magical point in life where change suddenly goes from a gallop to a crawl? Is itteenage years? Is it middle age? Is it old age?M: The answer, it turns out, for mostpeople, is now, wherever now happens to be. What I want to convince you today isthat

42、all of us are walking around with an illusion, an illusion that history, our personalhistory, has just come to an end, that we have just recently become the people that wewere always meant to be and will be for the rest of our lives. Let me give you somedata to back up that claim. So heres a study o

43、f change in peoples personal valuesover time. Here are three values pleasure, success and honesty. Everybody hereholds all of them, but you probably know that as you grow, as you age, the balance ofthese values shifts.W: So how does it do so?M: Well, we asked thousands of people.We asked half of the

44、m to predict for us how much their values would change in thenext 10 years, and the. others to tell us how much their values had changed in the last10 years. And this enabled us to do a really interesting kind of analysis, because itallowed us to compare the predictions of people, say, 18 years old,

45、 to the reports ofpeople who were 28, and to do that kind of analysis throughout the lifespan.16 Howdo we feel about the decisions made at every stage of our lives?17 What accounts forpeoples regret about their decisions according to the man?18 What do we learn aboutthe three values mentioned by the

46、 man?17We tend to be satisfied after a second thought.We are not always thrilled with them afterwards.CWe always regret the hasty ones we made.We are mostly happy with whom weve become.正確答案：B解析：選項都與我們對某事的感受有關。錄音開頭，男士提到，我們在B為該處錄音的同義概括，故為正確答案。18Their misconception about the power of time.Their ignoran

47、ce about the rate of change in life.CTheir fantasy that the youth change more slowly.Their belief that adults change faster than babies.正確答案：A之前所做的決定后悔的其中一個原因是我們對時間的力量的錯誤理解，故 A 正確。19They are of the same importance all through ones life.They will not change at least in the next 10 years.CThe balance

48、of them will shift as time goes by.They change more in teenage years than in elder years.正確答案：C 3 隨著你年齡的增長而變化，C 與此相符，為正確答案。聽力原文：Grocery has so far resisted the rise of online shopping. That maybe about to change. There is a huge difference between being late and being toolate,”said Dalton Philips, t

49、he boss of Morrisons, on November 21st, as he announcedthe launch of the British grocer s online-shopping service.heart will be noticed beyond Britain. Grocery is the biggest category in retailing butthe most resistant to the advance of online shopping. Grocers have held back forMorrisonschange ofgo

50、od reasons. Like many physical-store merchants they are worried that onlinecommerce will reduce sales in stores but not the costs associated with them. Grocery,with its tiny profit margins, adds complications. Virtual shopping-carts contain dozensof low-value items, which must be stored at different

51、 temperatures. Retailers caneither get in-store staff to pick them off the shelves, which becomes disruptive asvolumes rise, or build dedicated warehouses, which is costly. So are home deliveries:even in thickly settled Britain each one costs grocers around 10, but shopperstypically pay little more

52、than 3.Consumers are also cautious. Many want toexamine fresh produce before they buy it. They dont want to buy again when onlinegrocers deliver substitutions instead of what they ordered. Many shoppers try grocerywebsites but get discouraged,” says David Shukri of the Institute of GroceryDistributi

53、on in London.half the British market, is profitable.However, Tesco claims its online operation, with nearlyPeapod, the biggest American online grocer,has shown a flair for innovation: Peapod s customers can buy by scanning images ofproducts on delivery lorries and coffee cups with their mobile phone

54、s. LazyManhattan residents have been ordering Thanksgiving feasts from FreshDirect, thesecond-largest online grocer, which is partly owned by Morrisons. Both venturesprosper because they cater to well-off families, largely in cities.Amazon beganfresh-food deliveries in Seattle a few years ago and in

55、 Los Angeles last year. It isexpected to add maybe 20 cities abroad. Traditional grocery chains will respond.They are determined not to repeat the mistakes other sorts of retailers made at theturn of the century, when they were too afraid of Amazon,” says Robert Hetu ofGartner, a technology-research

56、 firm.Walmart Labs in Silicon Valley has importedmany of the people who developed the online-grocery business at its Britishsubsidiary. On November 25th Walmart said that its new chief executive would beDoug McMillon, who as head of the international operation is responsible for itsBritish subsidiar

57、y. He may speed s halting American effort.If a bigAmerican retailer plunges in, others will take it seriously and the market will expandrapidly, says Mr. Biggs.19 What is the grocerys attitude to online shopping?20 Whatis consumers attitude to online grocery shopping?21 What do we know aboutTesco?22

58、 How do the traditional grocery chains respond to online shopping?20It will still resist online service for some time.Its eager to launch online service soon.CIt might not resist online service anymore.s still hesitant about offering online service.正確答案：C解析：從選項中的 online 、resist、eager、hesitant 等關鍵詞來看

59、，制提供網購服務的態(tài)度可能將會改變，這說明他們可能不再抵制提供網購服務，故 C 正確。21They are eager to try grocery websites.They are very cautious about trying it.CThey resist buying fresh produce online.They find it convenient and satisfactory.正確答案：B客對網購的顧慮，B與錄音所說的 Consumers are also cautious意思一致，為正確答案。22It is the biggest American online

60、 grocer.It can make a profit from its online operation.CIts customers are mainly from Manhattan.It will do some innovation on online service.正確答案：B解析：錄音提到食品雜貨店提供網購服務能盈利的第一實例就是 ，它的網絡服務覆蓋了近半個英國市場，它也宣稱它從中獲得了盈利，故 B正確。23They are too afraid of Amazon to offer online-grocery service.They wont take Walmarts