1、外文資料翻譯PowerSupplyandDistributionSystemABSTRACT:Thebasicfunctionoftheelectricpowersystemistotransporttheelectricpowertowardscustomers.Thel0kVelectricdistributionnetisakeypointthatconnectsthepowersupplywiththeelectricityusingontheindustry,businessanddaily-life.Fortheelectricpower,allcostumersexpecttop

2、aythelowestpriceforthehighestreliability,butdontconsiderthatitsself-contradictoryintheco-existenceofeconomyandreliable.Toimprovethereliabilityofthepowersupplynetwork,wemustincreasetheinvestmentcostofthenetworkconstructionBut,ifthecostthatimprovethereliabilityofthenetworkconstruction,buttheinvestment

3、onthiskindofconstructionwouldbeworthlessifthereducinglossisonthepower-offislessthantheincreasinginvestmentonimprovingthereliability.Thuswefindoutabalancepointtomakethemosteconomic,betweentheinvestmentandthelossbycalculatingtheinvestmentonpowernetandthelossbroughtfompower-off.KEYWORDS:powersupplyandd

4、istribution,powerdistributionreliability，reactivecompensation,loaddistributionTherevolutionofelectricpowersystemhasbroughtanewbigroundconstruction,whichispushingthegreaterrevolutionofelectricpowertechniquealongwiththeapplicationofnewtechniqueandadvancedequipment.Especially,thecombinationoftheinforma

5、tiontechniqueandelectricpowertechnique,togreatextent,hasimprovedreliabilityonelectricqualityandelectricsupply.Thetechnicaldevelopmentdecreasesthecostonelectricconstructionanddrivesinnovationofelectricnetwork.Onthebasisofnationalandinternatio-naladvancedelectricknowledge,thedissertationintroducesther

6、esearchhotspotforpresentelectricpowersy-etemasfollowing.Firstly,Thisdissertationintroducesthebuildingconditionofdistributionautomation(DA),andbringsforwardtwotypicalconstructionmodesonDAconstruction,integrativemodeandfissionmode.ItemphasizetheDAstructureundertheconditionofthefissionmodeandpresentsth

7、esystemconfiguration,themainstationscheme,thefeederscheme,theoptimizedcommunicationschemeetc.,whichisforDAresearchreference.Secondly,asforthe(DA)troublemeasurement,position,isolationandresume,Thisdissertationanalyzesthechangesofpressureandcurrentforlineproblem,getsmathequationbyeducingphaseshortcirc

8、uitandproblempositionundertheconditionofsingle-phaseandworksoutequationandseveralparametersU&,sI&andeI&tableonproblem.Itbringsoutoptimizedisolationandresumeplan,realizesautoisolationandnetworkreconstruction,reducesthepoweroffrangeandtimeandimprovesthereliabilityofelectricpowersupplythroughproblemsel

9、f-diagnosesandself-analysis.Italsointroducessoftwareflowanduseforproblemjudgementandsetsamodelonnetworkreconstructionandcomputerflow.Thirdly,electricitysystemstateisestimatedtobeoneofthekeytechniquesinDArealization.Thedissertationrecommendstheresolventofbadmeasurementdataandstructuremistakeonthegrou

10、ndofdescribingstateestimateway.Italsoadvancesapracticaltestandjudgingwayontopologymistakeinstateestimateaboutbaddatatestandabnormityinstateestimateaswellastheproblemandeffectonbaddatafromstatemeasuretostateestimate.Asforrealtimemonitorandcontrolproblem,thedissertationintroducesanewwaytosolvethembyel

11、ectricitybreakandexceptionalanalysis,andthewayhasbeentestedinWeifangDA.Fourthly,aboutthedifficultyforbuildingthemodelofloadforecasting,bigparameterscatterlimitandsomethingconcerned,thedissertationintroducessomeparameters,eg.weatherfactor,datetypeandsocialenvironmenteffectbasedonanalysisofroutineload

12、forecastingandmeans.Itpresentsthewayforelectricityloadforecastingfoundedonneuralnetwork(ANN),whichhasbeentesteditsvaliditybyexampleandmadetobegoodpracticaleffect.Fifthly,concerningthelackofconcordantwaveonpreventingconcordantwaveandnon-powercompensationandnon-continuityoncompensation,thereisatopolog

13、ystructureofPWMmaincircuitandnonpowertheoryonactivefilterthewavestechniqueandbuildsflatproofonthegroundofSaberDesignerandprovestobepractical.Meanwhile,itanalyzesanddesignsthewayofnon-powerneedofelectricnetworktre-ndsanddecreasinglinelosscombinedwithDA,whichhavebeentesteditsobjectiveeconomicbenefitth

14、rou-ghcountingexample.Sixthly,notonlydothedissertationdesignawayfoundedonthemagrginalelectricpricefittedtoourpresentnationalelectricpowermarketwithregardstofuturetrendsofelectricpowermarketinChinaandfairtradeunderthegovernmentsurveillance,thatisgroupcompetitioninshort-termtradeunderthewayofgroupedpr

15、iceandquantityharmony,butalsoputsforwardcombinationarithmetic,mathmodeloftradingplanandsaftyeconomicalrestriction.Itcansolvetheoriginalcontradictionbetweenmediumandlongtermcontractpriceandshorttermcompetitivepricewithimprovementoncompetitivepercentageandcutdowntheunfairincomedifferenceofelectricfact

16、ory,atthesametime,itcanoptimizetheelectriclimitforallelectricfactoriesandreducethetotalpurchasechargeofelectricpowerfromburthencurveofwholeelectricmarketnetwork.Thedistributionnetworkisanimportantlinkamongthepowersystem.Itsneutralgroundingmodeandoperationconnectssecurityandstabilityofthepowersystemd

17、irectly.Atthesametime,theproblemaboutneutralgroundingisassociatedwithnationalconditions,naturalenvironment,devicefabricationandoperation.Forexample,theactivitysituationofthethunderandlightning,insulatingstructureandtheperipheralinterferencewillinfluencethechoiceofneutralgroundingmodeConversely,neutr

18、algroundingmodeaffectsdesign,operation,debugsanddeveloping.Generallyinthesystemhigheringradeinthevoltage,theinsulatingexpensesaccountformoresizableproportionatthetotalpriceoftheequipment.Itisveryremarkabletobringtheeconomicbenefitsbyreducingtheinsulatinglevel.Usuallysuchsystemadopttheneutraldirectly

19、groundingandadopttheautoreclosingtoguaranteepowersupplyreliability.Onthecontrary,thesystemwhichislowerinthevoltageadoptsneutralnonegroundingtoraisepowersupplyreliability.Soitisanimportantsubjecttomakeuseofnew-typeearthdevicetoapplytothedistributionnetworkunderconsideringthesituationinsuchfactorsofva

20、riousfieldsaspowersupplyreliability,safetyfactor,over-voltagefactor,thechoiceofrelayprotection,investmentcost,etc.Themainworkofthispaperistoresearchandchoicetheneutralgroundingmodeofthel0kVdistributionnetwork.Theneutralgroundingmodeofthel0kVnetworkmainlyadoptsnonegrounding,groundingbyarcsuppressingc

21、oil,groundingbyreactancegroundinganddirectlygrounding.Thebestgroundingmodeisconfirmedthroughthetechnologycomparison.Itcanhelpthenetworkruninsafetyandlimittheearthelectricarcbyusingauto-trackingcompensatedeviceandusingthelineprotectionwiththedetectionofthesensitivesmallgroundcurrent.Thepaperintroduce

22、sandanalyzesthecharacteristicofallkindofgroundingmodesaboutl0kVnetworkatfirst.Withthecomparisonwithtechnologicalandeconomy,theconclusionisdrawnthattheimprovedarcsuppressingcoilgroundingmodeshowsaverybigdevelopmentpotential.Then,thispaperresearchesandintroducessomeoperationcharacteristicsofthearcsupp

23、ressingcoilgroundingmodeofthel0kVdistributionnetwork.Andthenthepaperputemphasisonhowtoextinguishtheearthelectricarceffectivelybyutilizingtheresonanceprinciple.Thispapercombinesthedevelopmentofdomesticandinternationaltechnologyandinnovativeachievement,andintroducesthecomputerearthprotectionandautotra

24、ckingcompensatedevice.Itprovesthattheimprovedarcsuppressingcoilgroundingmodehavebetteroperationcharacteristicsinpowersupplyreliability,personalsecurity,securityofequipmentandinterferenceofcommunication.Theapplicationofthearcsuppressingcoilgroundingmodeisalsoresearchedinthispaper.Finally,thepapersumm

25、arizesthistopicresearch.Asaresultofthedominationofthearcsuppressingcoilgroundingmode,itshouldbemorepopularizedandappliedinthedistributionnetworkinthefuture.Thewayofthinking,projectandconclusionsinthisthesishaveeffectontheresearchtochoosetheneutralgroundingmodenotonlyinI0kVdistributionnetworkbutalsoi

26、notherpowersystem.Thebasicfunctionoftheelectricpowersystemistotransporttheelectricpowertowardscustomers.Thel0kVelectricdistributionnetisakeypointthatconnectsthepowersupplywiththeelectricityusingontheindustry,businessanddaily-life.Fortheelectricpower,allcostumersexpecttopaythelowestpriceforthehighest

27、reliability,butdontconsiderthatitsself-contradictoryintheco-existenceofeconomyandreliable.Toimprovethereliabilityofthepowersupplynetwork,wemustincreasetheinvestmentcostofthenetworkcon-structionBut,ifthecostthatimprovethereliabilityofthenetworkconstruction,buttheinvestmentonthiskindofconstructionwoul

28、dbeworthlessifthereducinglossisonthepower-offislessthantheincreasinginvestmentonimprovingthereliability.Thuswefindoutabalancepointtomakethemosteconomic,betweentheinvestmentandthelossbycalculatingtheinvestmentonpowernetandthelossbroughtfrompower-off.Thethesisanalysesontheeconomicandthereliableoftheva

29、riouslinemodes,accordingtothecharacteristicsvariouslinemodesexistedintheelectricdistributionnetinfoshan.First,thethesisintroducesasthedifferentlinemodesinthel0kVelectricdistributionnetandinsomeforeigncountries.Makingitcleartowtoconductanalyzingonthelinemodeoftheelectricdistributionnet,andtellingusho

30、wimportantandnecessarythatanalysesare.Second,itturnstothenecessityofcalculatingthenumberofoptimizationsubsection,elaboratinghowitinfluencesontheeconomyandreliability.Thenbybuildingupthecalculationmodeofthenumberofoptimizationsubsectionitintroducesdifferentpowersupplyprojectsonthedifferentlinemodesin

31、brief.Third,itcarriesonthecalculationandanalysestowardsthereliabilityandeconomyofthedifferentlinemodesofelectricdistributionnet,describingdraftsaccordingbythecalculation.Thenitmakesanalysisanddiscussiononthenumberofoptimizationsubsection.Atlast,thearticlemakeconclusionontheeconomyandreliabilityofdif

32、ferentlinemodes,aswellas,itsapplicationsituation.Accordiontotheactualcircumstance,thethesisputsforwardthebeneficialsuggestionontheprogrammingandconstructionofthel0kVelectricdistributionnetinallareasinfoshan.ProvidingthebasictheoriesandbeneficialguidelinefortheprogrammingdesignofthelOkVelectricdistri

33、butionnetandbuildingupasolidnet,reasonablelayout,qualifiedsafeandefficiently-workedelectricdistributionnet.ReferencesWenchengSu.FactoriespowersupplyM.MachineryIndustryPublishingHouse.1999.9JiecaiLiu.FactoriespowersupplydesignguidanceM.MachineryIndustryPublishingHouse.1999.12Powersupplyanddistributio

34、nsystemdesignspecificationsS.ChinaplansPress.1996Low-voltagedistributiondesignspecificationsS.ChinaplansPress.1996.6供配電系統(tǒng)摘要：電力系統(tǒng)的基本功能是向用戶輸送電能。lOkV配電網(wǎng)是連接供電電源與工業(yè)、商業(yè)及生活用電的樞紐，其網(wǎng)絡(luò)龐大及復(fù)雜。對于所有用戶都期望以最低的價格買到具有高度可靠性的電能。然而，經(jīng)濟(jì)性與可靠性這兩個因素是互相矛盾的。要提高供電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性就必須增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)投資成本。但是，如果提高可靠性使用戶停電損失的降低小于用于提高可靠性所增加的投資，那么這種建設(shè)投資就

35、沒有價值了。通過計算電網(wǎng)的投資和用戶停電的損失，最終可找到一個平衡點(diǎn)，使投資和損失的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)性最優(yōu)。關(guān)鍵詞：供配電，供電可靠性，無功補(bǔ)償，負(fù)荷分配引言電力體制的改革引發(fā)了新一輪大規(guī)模的電力建設(shè)熱潮從而極大地推動了電力技術(shù)革命新技術(shù)新設(shè)備的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用日新月異特別是信息技術(shù)與電力技術(shù)的結(jié)合在很大程度上提高了電能質(zhì)量和電力供應(yīng)的可靠性由于技術(shù)的發(fā)展又降低了電力建設(shè)的成本進(jìn)而推動了電網(wǎng)設(shè)備的更新?lián)Q代本文就是以此為契機(jī)以國內(nèi)外配電自動化中一些前沿問題為內(nèi)容以配電自動化建設(shè)為背景對當(dāng)前電力系統(tǒng)的熱點(diǎn)技術(shù)進(jìn)行一些較深入的探討和研究主要完成了如下工作。提出了配電自動化建設(shè)的兩個典型模式即體化模式和分立化模式側(cè)

36、重分析了分立模式下的配電自動化系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)給出了軟硬件配置主站選擇管理模式最佳通訊方式等是本文研究的前提和實(shí)現(xiàn)平臺。針對配電自動化中故障測量定位與隔離以及供電恢復(fù)這一關(guān)鍵問題分析了線路故障中電壓電流等電量的變化導(dǎo)出了相間短路工況下故障定位的數(shù)學(xué)描述方程并給出了方程的解以及故障情況下幾個重要參數(shù)sU&sI&eI&選擇表通過對故障的自動診斷與分析得出了優(yōu)化的隔離和恢復(fù)供電方案自動實(shí)現(xiàn)故障快速隔離與網(wǎng)絡(luò)重構(gòu)減少了用戶停電范圍和時間有效提高配網(wǎng)供電可靠性文中還給出了故障分段判斷以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)快速重構(gòu)的軟件流程和使用方法。狀態(tài)估計是實(shí)現(xiàn)配電自動化中關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一本文在闡述狀態(tài)估計方法基礎(chǔ)上給出了不良測量數(shù)據(jù)的識

37、別和結(jié)構(gòu)性錯誤的識別方法針對狀態(tài)估計中數(shù)據(jù)對基于殘差的壞數(shù)據(jù)檢測和異常以及狀態(tài)量中壞數(shù)據(jù)對狀態(tài)估計的影響及存在的問題提出了狀態(tài)估計中拓?fù)溴e誤的一種實(shí)用化檢測和辯識方法針對竊電漏計電費(fèi)問題獨(dú)創(chuàng)性提出一種通過電量突變和異常分析防止竊電的新方法并在濰坊城區(qū)配電得到驗(yàn)證。針對配電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷預(yù)測建模困難參數(shù)離散度大以及相關(guān)因素多等問題本文在分析常規(guī)負(fù)荷預(yù)測模型及方法基礎(chǔ)上引入了氣象因素日期類型社會環(huán)境影響等參數(shù)給出了基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的電力負(fù)荷預(yù)測方法實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了方法的正確性。針對無源濾波在抑制諧波和無功補(bǔ)償方面的不足以及補(bǔ)償度的不連續(xù)性本文提出了一種PWM主電路拓樸結(jié)構(gòu)和基于無功功率理論的有源濾波方案建立了基于S

38、aberDesigner仿真平臺仿真分析證明了方案的可行性同時結(jié)合配電自動化技術(shù)對配電網(wǎng)動態(tài)無功優(yōu)化補(bǔ)償和降低線損的方法進(jìn)行了設(shè)計分析通過實(shí)例計算驗(yàn)證了其客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。針對中國電力市場未來的發(fā)展趨勢以及政府監(jiān)管下的電力市場公平交易設(shè)計了一種適合我國電力市場現(xiàn)狀按照電價分組電量協(xié)調(diào)分組競價的短期電力交易模式給出了基于邊際電價的機(jī)組組合算法制訂交易計劃的數(shù)學(xué)模型以及安全經(jīng)濟(jì)約束等在競爭比例逐步提高的情況下能夠較好地解決原有中長期合同電價和短期競爭電價的矛盾減少電廠不公平的收益差異同時也可在電力市場全網(wǎng)的負(fù)荷曲線上對所有電廠進(jìn)行限量優(yōu)化減少總的系統(tǒng)購電費(fèi)用。配電網(wǎng)是電力系統(tǒng)中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，配電網(wǎng)

39、接地方式和安全運(yùn)行直接關(guān)系到電力系統(tǒng)的安全和穩(wěn)定。而接地方式的選擇，是與本國國情、自然環(huán)境、設(shè)備制造和運(yùn)行水平等有關(guān)的，例如，雷電的活動情況、絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計、對周邊的干擾等因素，都會影響中性點(diǎn)接地方式的選擇;反過來，中性點(diǎn)接地方式對電力系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、運(yùn)行、調(diào)試以及發(fā)展都有很大影響。一般在電壓等級較高的系統(tǒng)中，絕緣費(fèi)用在設(shè)備總價格中占相當(dāng)大的比重，降低絕緣水平帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益很顯著，通常就采用中性點(diǎn)直接接地的方式，而采用自動重合閘來保證供電可靠性:相反，在電壓等級較低的系統(tǒng)中，通常都采用中性點(diǎn)不接地的方式來提高供電可靠性。因此，在綜合考慮供電可靠性、安全因素、過電壓因素、繼電保護(hù)的選擇、投資費(fèi)用等各

40、方面因素的情況下，來論證正確選擇配電網(wǎng)接地方式的重要性，以及如何不斷開發(fā)，利用新型接地裝置來應(yīng)用在配電網(wǎng)接地系統(tǒng)中是當(dāng)今配電網(wǎng)接地方式的一個重要課題。本文主要工作是對lOkV配電網(wǎng)接地方式進(jìn)行研究和比較選擇。分別論述各類接地方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，主要有國內(nèi)外比較常用的中性點(diǎn)不接地方式、中性點(diǎn)經(jīng)消弧線圈接地方式（也稱諧振接地方式）、中性點(diǎn)電阻接地方式、中性點(diǎn)直接接地方式。通過技術(shù)比較確定最優(yōu)接地方式，還利用一種近幾年研究開發(fā)的，應(yīng)用在諧振接地方式中的自動跟蹤補(bǔ)償裝置，再配以靈敏的小電流接地選線保護(hù)，能夠有效限制電網(wǎng)的故障接地電弧，更有利于電網(wǎng)的安全運(yùn)行。本文首先對配電網(wǎng)各類接地方式做深入的研究。全面介紹國內(nèi)外幾種常用的中性點(diǎn)接地方式的運(yùn)行特性，通過技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較對不同的接地方式