1、專四之非謂語動詞課件第1頁，共69頁。句 子 成 分1.一般謂語都是由一個動詞或動詞短語來充當(dāng) She got here at six.2.有些謂語是由“系動詞+表語”構(gòu)成的 The girl felt cold. He is a teacher.第2頁，共69頁。句 子 成 分3.有些謂語由“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”構(gòu)成 Can you speak French? We must be careful.4.如果不及物動詞作謂語，則不可以直接加賓語，但可以在不及物動詞后加介詞再跟賓語 We depend on ourselves, not others.第3頁，共69頁。英語一句話只能有一個主謂結(jié)

2、構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞： 加連詞（and / but / so） 放入從句 變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞 主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語 第4頁，共69頁。主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)2The famous doctor give birth to a babyhelped the pregnant womanlast Friday.to第5頁，共69頁。The pregnant womanto give birth to a babywas helped last Friday.定狀補(bǔ)主第6頁，共69頁。過去分詞 v-ed不定式 to + v動詞的v-ing非謂語動詞第7頁，共69頁。V-ing / V-ed使用條件一個

3、句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.第8頁，共69頁。非謂語動詞功能主語賓語定語表語補(bǔ)語狀語to-V V-ing V-ed 第9頁，共69頁。See from the hill, we find the town beautiful.1. 2. When we see from the hill, we find the town beaut

4、iful. Seeing from the hill, we find the town beautiful.第10頁，共69頁。千萬要注意V-ing形式的規(guī)則喲！1. 不能單獨(dú)作謂語 2. 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化 3. 有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。第11頁，共69頁。時 態(tài) 和 語 態(tài) 語態(tài) 時態(tài)主 動被 動一般式 完成式 doing being done having done having been done第12頁，共69頁。V-ing 的否定式在 分詞前加“not ” 語態(tài) 時態(tài)主 動被 動一般式 完成式 doing being done having done having been done

5、(not)(not)(not)(not)第13頁，共69頁。V-ing 在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞諷end e-mails is more and more popular. Its no use take this kind of medicine.The film is so moved .I couldnt help cry when I heard the bad news.I heard the girl sung in the classroom.Sendingtakingmovingcryingsinging主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)第14頁，共69頁。mind、suggest、delay、kee

6、p on、 look forward to、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss ?+doing (V-ing 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中做賓語)第15頁，共69頁。have、leave、keepsee、watch、hear 、find、 notice、feel, catch?+sb.+doing (V-ing 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中做賓補(bǔ))第16頁，共69頁。5. China is a developing country. China is a country developing very fast

7、.6. Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out. Being ill, he went home. Time permitting, I can do it better.定語狀語=If time permits, I can do it better第17頁，共69頁。China is a large country which develops very quickly.2. I have received your letter which says you will come to China next month.3. I want to se

8、e some films that are very interesting. China is a large country developing very quickly.I have received your letter , saying you will come to China next month.I want to see some interesting films.第18頁，共69頁。4. When he was walking in the street, he saw one of his old friend.5. Because he was ill, he

9、stayed at home.6. After he finished the letter, he posted it. -(when)Walking in the street, he saw one of his old friend.-Being ill, he stayed at home.-Having finished the letter, he posted it.注意:-ing的完成形式只表示這個動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前.第19頁，共69頁。V-ing 和V-ed的區(qū)別從時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個角度去區(qū)分V-ingV-ed時態(tài)語態(tài)進(jìn)行 過去主動被動V-ed的用法第20頁，共69頁。如：

10、 a developed country / a developing country a polluted river / a sleeping baby ( 1 ) 作定語( 2 ) 作狀語_ from the hill, you can get the whole town._ from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen第21頁，共69頁。1.Mr Brown wants to buy a used car.2. Whats the language spoken in Germany. 3. The pupils w

11、ill get tired if they are made to learn too much4.I made myself understood easily. 5.We found the work completely done. 6. Heated, metals will expand.= If metals are heated, metals will expand. 7. Seen through a telescope, the sun appears dark near the edge. 第22頁，共69頁。例外：不及物動詞的-ed分詞沒有被動含義，只表示完成的意思。例

12、如：The street was covered with fallen leaves.這條馬路被落葉所覆蓋第23頁，共69頁。 1._ from the hill, you can get the whole town.2._ from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen一. 主語一致性的考察常見考點(diǎn)類型第24頁，共69頁。Waiting for a bus, _. A. a brick fell on my head B. A little girl came to talk with me. C. I was hit b

13、y a brick on the head D. I was hit by a brick on my headC第25頁，共69頁。二. 一般式與完成式的考察29. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited28. “ We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window

14、. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked第26頁，共69頁。三. 主動與被動的考察1. 你知道他們正在討論 的話題嗎?Do you know the topic _ now? (discuss)2. 這個小男孩最后被看見在河邊踢球。The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. (play)being discussedplaying第27頁，共69頁。四. 句子成分混淆1. There are a lot of students are planting trees on the sm

15、all hill.2. He lay on the grass, and looking at the sky. planting looking3. The book belongs to Mary is lost.belonging第28頁，共69頁。V-ing 和V-ed 用法歸納:V-ing作主語(謂語動詞用單數(shù)）,v-ed不能作主語Using computers is very common in our daily life.2.V-ing作表語與 ved 分詞作表語的區(qū)別The story is interesting.The little girl is interested

16、in the story.The news is disappointing.He was disappointed to hear the result.第29頁，共69頁。When the boys were watching the excitingfilm, they were very excitedThe students are all moved by the moving story.When she saw the surprising result, she gave us a surprised look.區(qū)別:v-ing作表語時表示某物具有的性質(zhì),常翻譯為”令人”。v

17、-ed做表語具有被動的概念，一般表示某人對某事的感覺或者體驗(yàn)，解釋為“感到.”。第30頁，共69頁。3.v-ing可作賓語，v-ed不能作賓語：We missed seeing that film when it was at the local cinema.He often imagines flying.He dreams about being a doctor掌握只能跟v-ing 作賓語的動詞及短語第31頁，共69頁。4.v-ing 和v-ed作賓補(bǔ)時的區(qū)別:They kept me waiting for a long time.He watched the cars coming

18、 and going.I saw him playing card.She heard her sister singing in her room.Mr Li has Jim standing outside the door.I had my MP3 repaired last week.We heard this song sung in English.No matter how I try, I just cant make myself understood by the foreigner.V-ing用作賓補(bǔ)時, 和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，說明賓語一直在做或正在做某事. V-e

19、d用作賓補(bǔ)時, 和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，說明賓語的情況第32頁，共69頁。5.v-ing和v-ed作定語時的區(qū)別:a singing bird. a sleeping doga man carrying a babya student playing with knifepeople fighting against wars a swimming pool a writing deska wounded monkey a broken chair boiled watera soldier wounded by knifea road covered with snow第33頁，共69頁

20、。6.v-ing和v-ed作狀語時的區(qū)別:Being ill, I cant go to work.(原因)Seeing the house on fire, she called 119(時間狀語)He sat on a stone, reading a book(伴隨性狀語)Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy.(時間狀語)The husband died, leaving his wife three daughters.(結(jié)果狀語)Seen from the top of the mountain, the village i

21、s very beautiful. (時間狀語)Cooked in a special way, the fish tastesVery nice.(原因狀語)Given more time, we could finish the job(條件狀語)The president entered the hall, followed by his guards.(伴隨性狀語)第34頁，共69頁。不定式(to do)的用法:可作主語To lose your heart means failure.不定式做主語時，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。It is adj/n to do s

22、thIt takes sb some time to do sthIt took me only five minutes to finish the job.It is very difficult for him to finish the paper in such a short time. 第35頁，共69頁。1).如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。(一致性)To do two things at a time is to do neither 一次做兩件事等于未做。 To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。（眼見為實(shí)）2)be to do

23、結(jié)構(gòu)表將來時:He is to marry Rose.可作表語第36頁，共69頁。3)如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語對主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用。His wish is to buy a car in the near future. 他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來買一輛轎車。The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染

24、What she wants to do most now is to travel abroad.第37頁，共69頁。可作賓語1)She refused to come here.后面用不定式作賓語即用v+ to do結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動詞有:afford（負(fù)擔(dān)得起）,agree（同意）,appear（似乎，顯得）,expect（期望）fail（不能）,happen（碰巧）,hope（希望）,intend（想要，打算）,learn（學(xué)習(xí)）,manage（設(shè)法）,plan（計劃）,pretend（假裝）promise（承諾，允許）,refuse（拒絕）,want（想要）wish（希望）第38頁，共69

25、頁。They begged to go with us. 他們懇求與我們同行。You neednt bother to come yourself. 不必勞駕你親自過來。第39頁，共69頁。2)有些動詞可以要求其后的不定式前面加一個連接副（代）詞，一起充當(dāng)賓語。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是why。They are considering what to do next.第40頁，共69頁。Could you tell me whether to go for a picnic? 你能告訴我是否會去野餐嗎？My little sister is

26、 learning how to read and write. My mother showed me how to prepare meals. I wonder where to go. 我的小妹妹正在學(xué)習(xí)如何閱讀和書寫。母親向我演示了如何做飯。我不知道去哪兒。第41頁，共69頁。3)還可用it代替不定式作形式賓語Find it +adj +to do sthI found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.我發(fā)現(xiàn)在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)答完所有的問題是不可能的。Some who were famous

27、in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.一些過去著名的人物在今天也許就難以成功。第42頁，共69頁。不定式可作賓語補(bǔ)足語:My teacher asked me to go there on time.We often hear her sing the song at home.動詞不定式作賓語不足語時to要省略的動詞有:1.感官動詞 see, hear, notice, watch, observe, feel, listen to等 ;2. 使役動詞 have , make , let第43頁

28、，共69頁。1)不定式修飾的名詞前有only，last，next，not a，序數(shù)詞(first,second,.)或形容詞最高級形容時，不定式作后置定語,與其所修飾的名詞通常邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系。He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. 查理林德伯格是第一個獨(dú)自飛躍大西洋的人。不定式可作定語:第44頁，共69頁。2)不定式與所修飾的名詞邏輯上構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時，該不定式后面不能再帶賓語，如果不定式為

29、不及物動詞，則需保留介詞。She has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支筆寫字。（介詞with不能省略）第45頁，共69頁。3)不定式做定語時一般修飾將要去做的事。I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. 我?guī)缀鯖]有時間去趕上末班車。Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from B

30、eijing? 你要見那位將從北京請來的醫(yī)生嗎？The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.第46頁，共69頁。1)不定式可以用來做目的狀語，相當(dāng)于用in order to，so as to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語。Tim sat near the fire to get warm. “為何召開這次特別會議？”“為了選舉新的官員。”蒂姆為了取暖坐在火爐旁邊。“To elect the new officers (officials).”“Why was the special meeting called?”不定式可作狀語:第47頁，共69頁。2)

31、不定式可以用來做結(jié)果狀語，常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to引導(dǎo)。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? 請您從這邊走好嗎？我要開門，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)門被里面鎖住了。I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.He is brave enough to go out alone at night第48頁，共69頁。3)不定式可作原因狀語,常放在表示心理感覺的形容詞后I am happy to see yo

32、u.She was sad to hear the bad news.第49頁，共69頁。4)不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語。In order to be a good scientist, one must understand mathematics. 要成為一個出色的科學(xué)家，必須懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)。To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.第50頁，共69頁。 _ is not a serious disadvantage in life. ( 2001, 51)A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Be

33、ing not tallD. Not being tallD【詳解】非謂語動詞在句中作了主語。非謂語動詞的否定式，要直接在非謂語動詞前加not，因此可以直接排除A和C。動名詞和不定式都可以作句子主語，但動名詞表示一貫性動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。個子不高是一貫的事實(shí)，應(yīng)用動名詞形式，所以D正確。第51頁，共69頁。there be 非謂語動詞的用法(1)做賓語時取決于謂語動詞的接續(xù)要求。如：The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams. (expect要求接不定式做賓語)(2

34、)做除for外的介詞賓語，用there being。如：He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.第52頁，共69頁。Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chance B. there to be a chanceC. there be a chance D. being a chance介詞后用動名詞，表示存在時必須用there be句型，所以答

35、案為A，這也是動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，there為動名詞的邏輯主語。第53頁，共69頁。I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingC. you delaying to make D. you delay to make Mind要求接動名詞,動名詞的邏輯主語用形容詞性物主代詞，答案自然是B。第54頁，共69頁。真題舉例Whats the chance of _ a general election this year? (05, 61)A

36、. there being B. there to beC. there be D. there going to beA第55頁，共69頁。真題舉例1.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop. (03, 51)A. is B. been C. be D. beingD2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03, 58）A. permit B. permitting C. permit

37、ted D. permitsB第56頁，共69頁。3. There _ nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(00, 55)A. to be B. to have beenC. being D. beC第57頁，共69頁。真題舉例1. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(98, 45）A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the match

38、C. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the matchC2. _ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01, 61 )A. To be not tall B. Not to be tallC. Being not tall D. Not being tallD第58頁，共69頁。真題舉例The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring

39、country, _ by the police each time.(99, 42)A. had been captured B. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately capturedC第59頁，共69頁。(5)不定式做結(jié)果狀語只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的結(jié)果，有時用only加強(qiáng)語氣。常見的不定式動詞有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and

40、 tried the door, only to find it locked.第60頁，共69頁。真題舉例Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year.(99, 43)A. having made B. makingC. to have made D. to makeC第61頁，共69頁。4. 不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語：掌握常用不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語的句型。注意不定式表示的動作發(fā)生的時間，并采用相應(yīng)形式。如：be said / reported / thought / beli

41、eved / known / supposed + to do sth.第62頁，共69頁。3. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. ( 02, 56)A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having beenC第63頁，共69頁。真題舉例It is not uncommon for there problems of communication between the old and the young. (07, 63)A. being B. would be C. be D. to beD 【詳解】there be句型在介詞for后使用時，用there to be這一結(jié)構(gòu)；在介詞of后面使用時，用the