1、2021/8/11 星期三1(十四)主謂一致 英語中，主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。主謂一致必須遵循以下三條原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則、就近一致原則。1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)。由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： A young man and a girl want to go there.但如果在意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語 動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： A needle and thread was found on the floor.當(dāng)each.and each.；every.and every.；no.and no.；many a.a

2、nd many a.結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：2021/8/11 星期三2 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.由not only.but also.；either.or.；neither.nor.；or連接的 并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與就近的名詞或代詞保持一致。如： Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.當(dāng)主語由as well as

3、, along with, together with，rather than, no less than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等詞連 接時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。如： An iron and steal works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday. 2021/8/11 星期三32.百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí)。

4、當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)后面加名詞或代詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞 來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂 語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果是單數(shù)名詞(或不可數(shù)名詞)或代詞，謂語動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)。如： Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls. Threefourths of the surface of the earth is sea.3.不定代詞作主語時(shí)。不定代詞each, another, the other, either, neither和由some, any, no, everyone或thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞

5、用單 數(shù)形式。如：2021/8/11 星期三4 Neither of us has gone through regular training. Nobody wants to go there，does he? Something has been done to end the strike.all作主語表示人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用 單數(shù)。如： All is well that ends well. All are eager to reach an agreement.4.表示“全體”、“部分”等意義的詞作主語時(shí)。 當(dāng)主語是most, the rest, the las

6、t, the remainder等時(shí)，其謂語一 般應(yīng)遵循意義一致的原則：如果of后面的名詞是單數(shù)，則用單 數(shù)；如果of后面的名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. After the big fire, the remainder is nothing. 2021/8/11 星期三55.“the形容詞/過去分詞”作主語時(shí)。當(dāng)“the形容詞/過去分詞”表示一類人或事物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù) 數(shù)；如果指某一抽象概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如： The sick here are very well cared for.

7、The true is to be distinguished from the false.6.形式為復(fù)數(shù)、意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語時(shí)。表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、計(jì)量、空間、體積等意義的復(fù) 數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten pounds was missing from the till. 2021/8/11 星期三67.number；many a.等作主語時(shí)。the number of.(的數(shù)目)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而a number of.(許多)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： The number o

8、f mistakes is surprising.many a, more than one單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語，盡管意義上是 復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity.8.集體名詞作主語時(shí)。有生命的詞，如：cattle, police等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形 式。如： The police are investigating the crime. 2021/8/11 星期三79.“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致。在“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞 的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由它修飾的

9、先行詞的數(shù)來決定。如： This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.在“the only one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如： Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.10.從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、ing形式作主語時(shí)。在“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果以what從句作主語，表語又是單數(shù)， 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)；如果表語是復(fù)數(shù)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞 一般用復(fù)數(shù)；動(dòng)詞不定式、ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用 單數(shù)。如：

10、What caused the accident is a complete mystery. To learn English well is difflcult. 2021/8/11 星期三8過關(guān)落實(shí)1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are 解析：“a survey”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表時(shí)間，距離， 金錢的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，

11、謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。 答案：B2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 解析：主語是“the time”，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案：A 2021/8/11 星期三93.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60

12、working all day long. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：此處onethird 指one third of 20 notebook computers，故為復(fù)數(shù)；與now相對(duì)，用過去時(shí)。 答案：D4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. A.are B.is C.being D.to be 解析：主語為“大部分對(duì)Smith 夫婦的說法”，看成單數(shù)，謂語 動(dòng)詞用is。 答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三105.A poet and artist _

13、 coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：a poet and artist指一個(gè)人，既是詩人，也是藝術(shù)家。 答案：A6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：主語仍為the f

14、ather，單數(shù)形式；as well as his three children作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三117._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子大于一，分母(序數(shù)詞形式)加s；主語 為land，不可數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 答案：C8.Every possible means _ to prevent t

15、he air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：every possible means每一種可行的方式；means單復(fù)數(shù) 同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 答案：C 2021/8/11 星期三129.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A.number；has B.quan

16、tity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：a large number of 不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a large quantity of不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：B10.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：有the only修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：D 2021/8/11 星期三1311.The population of

17、China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants. A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are 解析：population表示“人口”。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時(shí)謂語動(dòng) 詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：A12.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow. A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：句中主語是Grey，單數(shù)，故謂語也用單數(shù)；leave for sp.，動(dòng)身去某地。 答案：B 2021/8/11 星期三1413.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend the meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.are B.have C.is D.had 解析：either.or.遵循就近一致的原則，因your elder brother為單數(shù)，句中謂語也用單數(shù)。 答案：C14.30% of the cattle _ thin，but the rest _ fat. A.are；are B.is；i