1、材料科學與基礎英文詞匯材料科學與基礎英文詞匯材料科學與基礎英文詞匯材料科學基礎名稱與術語第一章緒論材料科學基礎常用英語詞匯材料的種類Typesofmaterials,metals,ceramics,polymers,composites,elastomer部分材料性質復習Reviewofselectedpropertiesofmaterials,電導率和電阻率conductivityandresistivity,熱導率thermalconductivity,應力和應變stressandstrain,彈性應變elasticstrain,塑性應變plasticstrain,欽佩強度yieldstr

2、ength,最大抗拉強度ultimatetensilestrength,最大強度ultimatestrength,延展性ductility,伸長率elongation,斷面收縮率reductionofarea,頸縮necking,斷裂強度breakingstrength,韌性toughness,硬度hardness,疲勞強度fatiguestrength,蜂窩honeycomb,熱脆性heatshortness,晶胞中的原子數atomspercell,點陣參數latticeparameter,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,體心立

3、方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,彌勒指數Millerindices,晶面crystalplane,晶系crystalsystem,晶向crystaldirection,相變機理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生長相變nucleationgrowthtransition,斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序無序轉變disordered-ordertransition,馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核機理nucleation

4、mechanism,成核勢壘nucleationbarrier,晶核，結晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金屬組織的）基體quay,基體，基塊，基質，聯合劑matrix,子晶，雛晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶種seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生長seededgrowth,均質核化homogeneousnucleation,異質核化heterogeneousnucleation,平均化熱辦理homogenizationheattreatment,熟料grog,自恰場self-consistentfield固溶體Solidsolution:有序固

5、溶體orderedsolidsolution,無序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution,有序合金orderedalloy,無序合金disorderedalloy.無序點陣disorderedlattice,分別，擴散，彌散dispersal,分別劑dispersant,分別劑，增添劑dispersantadditive,分別劑，彌散劑dispersantagent缺陷defect,imperfection,點缺陷pointdefect,線缺陷linedefect,dislocation,面缺陷interfacedefect,surfacedefect,體缺陷volumedefe

6、ct,位錯排列dislocationarrangement,位錯陣列dislocationarray,位錯氣團dislocationatmosphere,位錯胞dislocationcell,位錯爬移dislocationclimb,位錯滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位錯聚結dislocationcoalescence,位錯核心能量dislocationcoreenergy,位錯裂紋dislocationcrack,位錯阻尼dislocationdamping,位錯密度dislocationdensity,體積膨脹volumedilat

7、ion,體積收縮volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，軟化的softened,軟化退火，軟化（辦理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,退火織構annealingtexture,人工時效artificialaging,細長比aspectratio,形變熱辦理ausforming,等溫退火austempering,奧氏體austenite,奧氏體化austenitizing,貝氏體bainite,馬氏體martensite,馬氏體淬火ma

8、rquench,馬氏體退火martemper,馬氏體時效鋼maragingsteel,滲碳體cementite,固溶加強solidsolutionstrengthening,鋼屑混凝土steelchipsconcrete,水玻璃，硅酸鈉sodiumsilicate,水玻璃粘結劑sodiumsilicatebinder,硅酸鈉類防水劑sodiumsilicatewaterproofingagent,擴散diffusion,擴散系數diffusivity,相變phasetransition,燒結sintering,固相反響solid-phasereaction,相圖與相構造phasediagram

9、sandphasestructures,相phase,組分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phaseequilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy,吉布斯混淆能Gibbsenergyofmixing,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函數Gibbsfunction,相平衡phasebalance,相界phaseboundary,相界限phaseboundaryline,相界交聯phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界有限交聯phaseboundarycrosslinking,相界反響phasebo

10、undaryreaction,相變phasechange,相組成phasecomposition,共格相phase-coherent,金相相組織phaseconstentuent,相襯phasecontrast,相襯顯微鏡phasecontrastmicroscope,相襯顯微術phasecontrastmicroscopy,相散布phasedistribution,相平衡常數phaseequilibriumconstant,相平衡圖phaseequilibriumdiagram,相變滯后phasetransitionlag,Al-Si-O-N系統有關系phaserelationshipsin

11、theAl-Si-O-Nsystem,相分別phasesegregation,phaseseparation,玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses,相序phaseorder,phasesequence,相穩定性phasestability,相態phasestate,相穩定區phasestabilerange,相變溫度phasetransitiontemperature,相變壓力phasetransitionpressure,同質多晶轉變polymorphictransformation,相平衡條件phaseequilibriumconditions,顯微構造microstr

12、uctures,不混溶固溶體immisciblesolidsolution,轉熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution,低共熔體eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固態反響solidstatereaction,燒結sintering,相變機理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生長相變nucleationgrowthtransition,斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition,有序無序轉變disordered-ordertransition,馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation，成核nucleation,成核機理nucleationmechanism,成核勢壘nucleationbarrier,晶核，結晶中心nucleusofcrystal,（金屬組織的）