1、.1基于單片機(jī)串口通信的上位機(jī)和下位機(jī)實(shí)踐串口是計(jì)算機(jī)上一種非常通用設(shè)備通信的協(xié)議不要與通用串行總線Universal Serial Bus或者USB混淆。大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)包含兩個(gè)基于RS232的串口。串口同時(shí)也是儀器儀表設(shè)備通用的通信協(xié)議；很多GPIB兼容的設(shè)備也帶有RS-232口。同時(shí)，串口通信協(xié)議也可以用于獲取遠(yuǎn)程采集設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)。串口通信的概念非常簡(jiǎn)單，串口按位bit發(fā)送和接收字節(jié)。盡管比按字節(jié)byte的并行通信慢，但是串口可以在使用一根線發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的同時(shí)用另一根線接收數(shù)據(jù)。它很簡(jiǎn)單并且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離通信。比方IEEE488定義并行通行狀態(tài)時(shí)，規(guī)定設(shè)備線總常不得超過(guò)20米，并且任意兩個(gè)設(shè)備間的

2、長(zhǎng)度不得超過(guò)2米；而對(duì)于串口而言，長(zhǎng)度可達(dá)1200米。首先亮出C*的源程序吧。主要界面：只是作為簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)用，可以擴(kuò)展的。源代碼：using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Te*t;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.IO.Ports;using System.Timers;namespace 單片機(jī)功能控制 public partial class

3、Form1 : Form public Form1() Initializeponent(); SerialPort sp = new SerialPort(); private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) String str1 = boBo*1.Te*t;/串口號(hào) String str2 = boBo*2.Te*t;/波特率 String str3 = boBo*3.Te*t;/校驗(yàn)位 String str4 = boBo*5.Te*t;/停頓位 String str5 = boBo*4.Te*t;/數(shù)據(jù)位 Int32 in

4、t2 = Convert.ToInt32(str2);/將字符串轉(zhuǎn)為整型 Int32 int5 = Convert.ToInt32(str5);/將字符串轉(zhuǎn)為整型 groupBo*3.Enabled = true;/LED控制界面變可選try if (button1.Te*t = 翻開(kāi)串口) if (str1 = null) MessageBo*.Show(請(qǐng)先選擇串口！, Error); return; sp.Close();sp = new SerialPort(); sp.PortName = boBo*1.Te*t;/串口編號(hào) sp.BaudRate = int2;/波特率 switc

5、h (str4)/停頓位 case 1: sp.StopBits = StopBits.One; break; case 1.5: sp.StopBits = StopBits.OnePointFive; break; case 2: sp.StopBits = StopBits.Two; break; default: MessageBo*.Show(Error：參數(shù)不正確, Error); break; switch (str3) case NONE: sp.Parity = Parity.None; break; case ODD: sp.Parity = Parity.Odd; bre

6、ak; case EVEN: sp.Parity = Parity.Even; break; default: MessageBo*.Show(Error：參數(shù)不正確, Error); break; sp.DataBits = int5;/數(shù)據(jù)位 sp.Parity = Parity.Even;/設(shè)置串口屬性 sp.Open();/翻開(kāi)串口 button1.Te*t = 關(guān)閉串口; te*tBo*1.Te*t = Convert.ToString(sp.PortName) + 已開(kāi)啟！; else sp.Close(); button1.Te*t = 翻開(kāi)串口; groupBo*3.Enabl

7、ed = false;/LED控制界面變灰色 te*tBo*1.Te*t = Convert.ToString(sp.PortName) + 已關(guān)閉！; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) /初始化 te*tBo*1.Te*t = 歡迎使用簡(jiǎn)易的串口助手！; groupBo*3.Enabled = false;/LED控制界面變灰色 groupBo*6.Enabled = fals

8、e; groupBo*7.Enabled = false; groupBo*8.Enabled = false; button3.Enabled = false; button6.Enabled = false; timer1.Start(); try foreach (string in System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames() /自動(dòng)獲取串行口名稱 this.boBo*1.Items.Add(); /默認(rèn)設(shè)置 boBo*1.SelectedInde* = 0;/選擇第一個(gè)口 boBo*2.SelectedInde* = 4;/波特率4800 boB

9、o*3.SelectedInde* = 0;/校驗(yàn)位NONE boBo*4.SelectedInde* = 0;/停頓位為1 boBo*5.SelectedInde* = 0;/數(shù)據(jù)位為8 catch MessageBo*.Show(找不到通訊端口！, 串口調(diào)試助手); private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) label6.Te*t = DateTime.Now.ToString(); private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (button2.T

10、e*t = 開(kāi)啟) groupBo*6.Enabled = true; radioButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6

11、.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; button3.Enabled = true; te*tBo*2.Te*t = String.Empty; button2.Te*t = 關(guān)閉; else groupBo*6.Enabled = false; button3.Enabled = false; button2.Te*t = 開(kāi)啟; te*tBo*2.Te*t = String.Empty; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.

12、Message, Error); return; private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) groupBo*6.Enabled = true; label7.Te*t = 已發(fā)送; if (te*tBo*2.Te*t = ) MessageBo*.Show(發(fā)送失敗，請(qǐng)選擇發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)！); else sp.WriteLine(te*tBo*2.Te*t);/往串口寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù) private void checkBo*1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (check

13、Bo*1.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = true; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 1; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.

14、Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void checkBo*2_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (checkBo*2.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = true; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; chec

15、kBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 2; radioButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void chec

16、kBo*3_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (checkBo*3.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = true; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; radioButt

17、on1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 3; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void checkBo*4_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (ch

18、eckBo*4.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = true; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; radioButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioBut

19、ton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 4; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void checkBo*5_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (checkBo*5.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Check

20、ed = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = true; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; radioButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; label7.

21、Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 5; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void checkBo*6_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (checkBo*6.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked =

22、false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = true; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; radioButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 6; catch (E*ception er) Messag

23、eBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void checkBo*7_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (checkBo*7.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false

24、; checkBo*7.Checked = true; checkBo*8.Checked = false; radioButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 7; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void

25、 checkBo*8_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (checkBo*8.Checked) checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = true; radi

26、oButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 8; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (button5.

27、Te*t = 開(kāi)啟) radioButton1.Checked = false; radioButton2.Checked = false; radioButton3.Checked = false; radioButton4.Checked = false; checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo

28、*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; groupBo*7.Enabled = true; button6.Enabled = true; te*tBo*2.Te*t = String.Empty; button5.Te*t = 關(guān)閉; else groupBo*7.Enabled = false; button6.Enabled = false; button5.Te*t = 開(kāi)啟; te*tBo*2.Te*t = String.Empty; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er

29、.Message, Error); return; private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) label7.Te*t = 已發(fā)送; if (te*tBo*2.Te*t = ) MessageBo*.Show(發(fā)送失敗。請(qǐng)選擇發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)！); else sp.WriteLine(te*tBo*2.Te*t);/往串口寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù) private void radioButton1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (radioButton1.Checked) label

30、7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = 9; checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.M

31、essage, Error); return; private void radioButton2_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (radioButton2.Checked) label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = a; checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; che

32、ckBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void radioButton3_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (radioButton3.Checked) label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = b; checkBo*1.

33、Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked = false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; private void radioBu

34、tton4_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) try if (radioButton4.Checked) label7.Te*t = 準(zhǔn)備發(fā)送; te*tBo*2.Te*t = c; checkBo*1.Checked = false; checkBo*2.Checked = false; checkBo*3.Checked = false; checkBo*4.Checked = false; checkBo*5.Checked = false; checkBo*6.Checked = false; checkBo*7.Checked =

35、false; checkBo*8.Checked = false; catch (E*ception er) MessageBo*.Show(Error: + er.Message, Error); return; 下位機(jī)程序：*include *include *include *define uchar unsigned char /宏定義*define uint unsigned int /宏定義uchar b; /用來(lái)接收數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)uchar j=0;uint i=0; /用來(lái)判斷相應(yīng)的子程序uchar LED1= 0*fe; /作為流水燈的開(kāi)場(chǎng)uchar LED2=0*fe; /作為跑

36、馬燈的開(kāi)場(chǎng)uchar LED3 = 0*fE; /作為二進(jìn)制加法燈的開(kāi)場(chǎng)uchar LED4=0*FF; /作為把戲燈的開(kāi)場(chǎng)uchar code table=0*ff,/全滅0*fe,0*fd,0*fb,0*f7,0*ef,0*df,0*bf,0*7f,/依次逐個(gè)點(diǎn)亮0*fe,0*fc,0*f8,0*f0,0*e0,0*c0,0*80,0*00,/依次逐個(gè)疊加0*80,0*c0,0*e0,0*f0,0*f8,0*fc,0*fe,0*ff,/依次逐個(gè)遞減0*7e,0*bd,0*db,0*e7,0*e7,0*db,0*bd,0*7e,/兩邊靠攏后分開(kāi)0*7e,0*3c,0*18,0*00,0*00

37、,0*18,0*3c,0*7e,/兩邊疊加后遞減0*00;/全亮void delay(void); /延時(shí)函數(shù)的聲明void liushuideng(void); /流水燈的聲明void paomadeng(void); /跑馬燈的聲明void huayangdeng(void); /把戲燈的聲明void erjinzhideng(void); /二進(jìn)制加法燈的聲明void *ianshi(uint j); /顯示程序void init(void); /初始化函數(shù)void main (void) init(); /初始化 while(1) *ianshi(i); /顯示 void init(v

38、oid) /初始化函數(shù)的定義 SCON = 0*50; /REN=1允許串行承受狀態(tài)，串口工作模式1 TMOD|= 0*20; /定時(shí)器工作方式2 PCON|= 0*80; /TH1 = 0*FD; /baud*2 /* reload value 19200、數(shù)據(jù)位8、停頓位1。效驗(yàn)位無(wú) (11.0592) TH1 = 0*F3; /baud*2 /* 波特率4800、數(shù)據(jù)位8、停頓位1。效驗(yàn)位無(wú) (12M) TL1 = 0*F3; TR1 = 1; /開(kāi)啟定時(shí)器PS=1; /把串口中斷的優(yōu)先級(jí)設(shè)為最高 ES = 1; /開(kāi)串口中斷 EA = 1; / 開(kāi)總中斷 / IE = 0*0; void delay(void) /延時(shí)