1、專題二說明文第1頁，共35頁。-2-.詞匯復(fù)習(xí)19(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以p開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以p開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景】 After the new leaders of our city came into 1.power(權(quán)力),they have made a series of precious political policies,such as 2.providing(提供) enough professional positions to decrease the 3.pressure (壓力) of getting a job,protecting t

2、he environment to prevent it from being polluted,preserving 4.personal(個(gè)人的) possessions,cancelling all kinds of privileges,ensuring pension in particular and so on.Our leaders prefer to emphasize the pretty procedures and results rather than some unreal phenomena.We ordinary people should take pains

3、 to 5.participate(參加) in all the programs positively.At present,all the policies are in progress and our city will have a promising future,which we will be 6.proud(驕傲) of.第2頁，共35頁。-3-譯文:我們城市的新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)上臺(tái)后,制定了一系列寶貴的政策,比如像提供足夠的職業(yè)崗位來減輕就業(yè)壓力,保護(hù)環(huán)境防止其被污染,保護(hù)個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn),取消各種特權(quán),尤其是確保養(yǎng)老金等。我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)更看重的是好的過程與結(jié)果,而不是一些假象。我們普通人應(yīng)該努力

4、積極參與各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。現(xiàn)在,所有的政策都在進(jìn)行中,我們城市將會(huì)有一個(gè)充滿希望的、令我們驕傲的未來。第3頁，共35頁。-4-.高考范文必背(2020全國卷)上周末,你和同學(xué)參加了一次采摘活動(dòng)。請你為班級英語角寫一篇短文,介紹這次活動(dòng),內(nèi)容包括:1.農(nóng)場情況;2.采摘過程;3.個(gè)人感受。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.題目已為你寫好。題目:My Weekend第4頁，共35頁。-5-范文My WeekendLast weekend,my classmates and I went to a farm to pick grapes.The grape farm is located at the foot

5、 of a hill,where lies a small river.We were stuck by the beauty of the scenery.Grapes grown on this farm were big and sweet.We couldnt help eating grapes while picking them,as we were told the grapes hadnt been treated with pesticides.Meanwhile,several girls sang some sweet songs,which made us feel

6、less exhausted.On the way back home,we were worn out.However,we hoped we could have chances to come back again,because physical labor not only exercises our body,but also makes us cherish the fruits of labor.第5頁，共35頁。-6-說明文一般采用簡練的語言,按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。常見的說明文有自我介紹、人物介紹(傳記)

7、、地方介紹、習(xí)俗介紹、節(jié)日介紹、方法(步驟)介紹、產(chǎn)品說明、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、讀書報(bào)告、新聞報(bào)道等。第6頁，共35頁。-7-一、文體特點(diǎn)1.開頭點(diǎn)題。說明文類完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象,這是掌握說明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。說明文一般按一定的順序展開。其中包括:時(shí)間順序(指先后順序)、空間順序(從局部到整體,從上到下,從內(nèi)到外)、邏輯順序(先因后果,先果后因,先主后次)、認(rèn)識(shí)順序(由此及彼,由淺入深,由具體到抽象,由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì))等。理清文章的說明順序,對于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,選擇正確答案具有重要意義。第7頁，共35頁。-8-3.語言簡練。說明文的主要目的是幫助讀者認(rèn)

8、清事物,明白事理,故其語言通常較為淺顯、通俗,比較易于讀者理解。其內(nèi)容也很客觀真實(shí),它的用詞總是貼近事物的本來面目,不會(huì)使用華麗的辭藻和夸張的寫作手法,一般也不加描述和議論。4.多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)檎f明文通常是對客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋,而這種客觀介紹與解釋一般是不隨時(shí)間變化而變化的。第8頁，共35頁。-9-二、解題方法1.確認(rèn)說明對象,了解文章大意。文章的首句一般就明確了說明對象。對文章先要進(jìn)行粗讀或略讀,以對文章的大意有一個(gè)大體的了解。例(2015廣東卷)How long can human beings live?Most scientists who study old age t

9、hink that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years.However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet,our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3.They wear out,and

10、 as a result,we get old and 4 die.分析:在文章的開頭,作者就提出了文章需要探討的話題:人的壽命能有多長?在此基礎(chǔ)上,考生再對文章進(jìn)行略讀即可把握文章主題。第9頁，共35頁。-10-2.用好語篇標(biāo)志,理順行文邏輯。說明文的首段往往是文章的主題段,每段的首句也是主題句,一定要把握好主題段和主題句,這是做好這類完形填空的前提。語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語,這些詞語被稱為“語篇標(biāo)志語”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語篇標(biāo)志語firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等;表示因果關(guān)系的thus,therefore,so等;表示改變話題的by the

11、 way等;表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的also,besides,whats more,further等;表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的before,so far,yet,meanwhile,later等;表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,while,on the other hand等。做題時(shí)如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語,就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò),弄清上下文的關(guān)系。第10頁，共35頁。-11-例.Northern Europeans usually do not like having (bodily) contact(接觸)even with friends,and certainly not with (strangers).P

12、eople from Latin American countries,(on the other hand),touch each other quite a lot.Therefore,its possible that in ,it may look like a Latino is a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino,trying to express friendship,will keep moving .The Norwegian,very probably seeing this as pushiness,will keep whi

13、ch the Latino will in return regard as .分析:從第一句中,我們可以看出北歐人不喜歡與人(尤其是陌生人)有身體上的接觸。下一句話的信息告訴我們,在拉丁美洲人與人的接觸卻比較多。接下來,作者用到了語篇標(biāo)志詞therefore,由此可以推知這兩種不同文化碰撞的結(jié)果,即一個(gè)拉丁美洲人在談話中跟著一個(gè)挪威人在屋里到處走。第11頁，共35頁。-12-3.細(xì)讀行文內(nèi)容,理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。在閱讀這類文章時(shí),我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開頭和結(jié)尾,從主題句著手,找出支持句,然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí),我們還要特別注意,不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑,我們在理解細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,還要斟酌文字

14、的內(nèi)涵,從而對文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。第12頁，共35頁。-13-例Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks than words.According to specialists,our bodies send out more than we realize.In fact,non-verbal(非言語) communication takes up about 50% of what we really .And body language is particularly wh

15、en we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed,what is called body language is so a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.Clearly,a great deal is going on when people .And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from

16、 cultures,theres a strong possibility of .But whatever the situation,the best is to obey the Golden Rule:treat others as you would like to be (treated).第13頁，共35頁。-14-分析:文章開頭的論據(jù)中說到不同國家的身體語言不同,如果不注意,經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)生誤解。作者在文章的最后提出一條“黃金法則”,即:要像自己希望被對待的方式一樣對待他人。前后照應(yīng)緊密。第14頁，共35頁。-15-4.注重上下文語境,克服思維定式。應(yīng)逐句精讀短文,逐題分析選項(xiàng),對特

17、定的語境作深入地理解,克服思維定式,依據(jù)全文大意并根據(jù)詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐空填寫。例.For example,the moment you get on the airplane,start (adjusting) your biological clock to the destinations time.If its daytime in your destination,try to stay .Walking around the cabin(客艙) can be of help.A.awakeB.aloneC.hungryD.calm分析:要仔細(xì)分析語境,完形填空題絕不可以決裂

18、語境填空。由前面的daytime提示可知,白天應(yīng)該醒著。下文“Walking around the cabin(客艙) can be of help.”也是提示,所以該空應(yīng)選awake。第15頁，共35頁。-16-ABCommunication is an important part of any relationship.Many of us are 1 to share our experiences or emotions with our friends.But when its our turn to lend a(n)2,we soon become bored or are s

19、hort of ideas on how to 3 and offer advice.Thats because of what researchers call “l(fā)istener burnout(倦怠)”.A friend might talk to us 4,often complaining about the same 5 problems.When we offer quick advice to 6 the situation,we may be unconsciously trying to 7ourselves from burnout.However,good listen

20、ers 8 their natural tendency to solve the others problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief.第16頁，共35頁。-17-ABTo be a good 9,you need to use “active listening”.It starts with the real 10 to help others and think through their feelings.Dont 11 things.You can start by putting your phone 12and

21、 sitting close to your friend.Let your facial expressions 13 what he or she is saying.14you are able to fully understand,acknowledge the other persons 15 by reflecting them back,“That must be really hard for you.” Use16 words or even sounds such as “yes”,“right”,and “hmm” to 17 the other person to c

22、ontinue.Of course,a 18can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical.But dont get defensive.Effective listeners dont 19 negative criticism.Instead,they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey 20responding.第17頁，共35頁。-18-AB1.A.afraidB.hesitantC.shyD.eager 2.A.shoulderB.han

23、dC.earD.eye3.A.respondB.explainC.argueD.quit4.A.aimlesslyB.endlesslyC.deliberatelyD.cautiously5.A.difficultB.oldC.acuteD.sensitive6.A.fixB.discussC.createD.describe第18頁，共35頁。-19-AB7.A.forgiveB.protectC.discourageD.prevent8.A.followB.displayC.formD.overcome9.A.readerB.partnerC.listenerD.speaker10.A.d

24、emandB.habitC.desireD.ability11.A.skipB.rushC.overlookD.postpone12.A.awayB.offC.outD.up第19頁，共35頁。-20-AB13.A.recordB.restrictC.reflectD.replace14.A.WhetherB.SinceC.WhileD.If15.A.suggestionsB.purposesC.responsesD.feelings16.A.bigB.toughC.strongD.short17.A.forceB.remindC.encourageD.convince18.A.convers

25、ationB.suggestionC.problemD.lecture19.A.give upB.make upC.leave outD.block out20.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.until第20頁，共35頁。-21-AB【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為說明文。交流是人際關(guān)系的一個(gè)重要組成部分,我們都希望和朋友分享自己的經(jīng)歷,但是怎樣成為一個(gè)好的傾聽者呢?本文給出了建議:傾聽時(shí)要表現(xiàn)出真誠、把自己的手機(jī)收起來認(rèn)真傾聽、贊同的面部表情反應(yīng)及適當(dāng)?shù)幕貞?yīng)等。1.D解析:考查形容詞辨析。我們中的很多人都樂意分享我們的經(jīng)歷和情緒給我們的朋友。be eager to do sth.“渴望做

26、某事”,故選D項(xiàng)。2.C解析:考查名詞辨析。當(dāng)我們變成一個(gè)傾聽者時(shí),往往沒有足夠的耐心并給予對方好的建議。lend an ear為固定短語,意為“傾聽”,且與下文的“l(fā)istener burnout(倦怠)”相呼應(yīng)。3.A解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“and offer advice”及文章最后的“responding”可知,我們對如何做出反應(yīng)(respond)和提供建議沒有了耐心。第21頁，共35頁。-22-AB4.B解析:考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的“often complaining about”可知,這里應(yīng)該是無休止地(endlessly)對“我”們談這些。5.B解析:考查形容詞辨析。由本句的

27、結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯內(nèi)容可知,朋友常向“我”們無休止地提起同一個(gè)舊問題。6.A解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由“offer quick advice”可知,此處表示“當(dāng)我們?yōu)榱私鉀Q這種境況而快速提供建議時(shí)”。應(yīng)選fix,表示“解決”。7.B解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。“我”們或許無意識(shí)地想保護(hù)(protect)自己不受這種倦怠的困擾。protect sb./sth.from sth.表示“保護(hù)某人/某事免于某事”,符合語境。8.D解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。然而,好的傾聽者會(huì)克服(overcome)他們的這種迅速解決他人問題的自然傾向。第22頁，共35頁。-23-AB9.C解析:考查名詞辨析。由下文的“active listen

28、ing”可知,做一個(gè)好的傾聽者(listener)需要積極地傾聽他人訴說。10.C解析:考查名詞辨析。積極地傾聽以真正想幫助別人并且考慮別人感情的愿望(desire)為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。11.B解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由語境可知,作者建議傾聽者不要倉促行事(rush),rush things表示“倉促做事”,符合語境。skip“跳”;overlook“忽視”;postpone“延期”。12.A解析:考查副詞辨析。這里表示把你的手機(jī)收起來(putting your phone away),緊緊地坐在你朋友身邊。put off“推遲”;put out“伸出,撲滅”;put up“張貼,舉起,建造”。13.C解析

29、:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由下文的“by reflecting them back”可知,這里表示讓你的面部表情反應(yīng)(reflect)他/她正在講述的事情。第23頁，共35頁。-24-AB14.A解析:考查連接詞辨析。作為一個(gè)傾聽者不管(whether)你是否能夠完全理解對方,你都要對對方的感情(feelings)做出回應(yīng)。15.D解析:考查名詞辨析。參見上題解析。suggestion “建議”;purpose“目的”;response“回復(fù),回應(yīng)”;feeling“感情”。16.D解析:考查形容詞辨析。由下文的such as “yes”,“right”可知,傾聽者應(yīng)使用簡短的(short)語言。17.

30、C解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由語境可知,傾聽者應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)(encourage)對方繼續(xù)講下去。18.A解析:考查名詞辨析。由語境可知,當(dāng)對方過于挑剔時(shí),談話(conversation)可能會(huì)很難進(jìn)行下去。第24頁，共35頁。-25-AB19.D解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。好的傾聽者不會(huì)抹去(block out)負(fù)面批評。block out“忘掉,抹去”,符合語境。give up“放棄”;make up“組成,彌補(bǔ)”;leave out“漏掉”。20.B解析:考查介詞辨析。相反,他們會(huì)在做出反應(yīng)之前(before)傾聽,并且明白這個(gè)人試圖傳達(dá)的意思。第25頁，共35頁。-26-ABIf youve ever be

31、en to a foreign country,you will know that fitting in isnt easy.Chances are that they will have a 1 language and way of life.Heres how to get a basic grasp of things 2 going to a different country.3 about the country.Get some basic knowledge about its culture.Where is the country located?What are th

32、eir 4 foods?If you know someone who has been to the country,5 them to tell you a bit about the country.第26頁，共35頁。-27-ABAttempt basic phrases.If you do not know how to6 their language,it will be hard to master the 7 language in a short time.Remember that you will not have time to learn the whole lang

33、uage,so 8 things like:asking for directions and ordering in restaurants.Learn these 9 along with the basic “please”,“thank you”,“hello”,and “goodbye”.Try to meet someone who knows about or has been to the country.10 it is a less known country,you may be out of 11.In this case,search the Internet and

34、 the library.第27頁，共35頁。-28-ABHave a basic understanding of customs.If you do end up 12 because of your lack of knowledge,calmly explain that you are 13.Basic English customs are not the same around the world,14 as you get into Asia and Africa,but will 15 a base for most European countries.Handle you

35、r money well.Money can be 16 if you are in a foreign country.Understand the name of the monetary(貨幣的) 17(i.e.dollars) and know the names of the coins or bills 18 the unit.Do this in your own country before 19.Exchange your bills a couple of weeks before you go and practice 20 them.Know the basic con

36、version(換算)(i.e.one pound is about two dollars).Recognize fair prices and know how to make basic money deal.第28頁，共35頁。-29-AB1.A.difficultB.formalC.differentD.terrible 2.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.since 3.A.TellB.WonderC.CareD.Learn4.A.healthyB.sweetC.freshD.traditional 5.A.adviseB.askC.allowD.help6.A.i

37、mproveB.writeC.teachD.speak 7.A.entireB.strangeC.averageD.general 8.A.leave outB.give upC.focus onD.find out 9.A.namesB.phrasesC.sightsD.places 10.A.IfB.ThoughC.ButD.Whether 第29頁，共35頁。-30-AB11.A.practiceB.mindC.moneyD.luck 12.A.in troubleB.in timeC.in returnD.in vain 13.A.wrongB.sillyC.foreignD.loca

38、l 14.A.onlyB.especiallyC.usuallyD.hardly 15.A.supportB.protectC.provideD.change 16.A.shockingB.amazingC.confusingD.surprising 17.A.unitB.numberC.amountD.power第30頁，共35頁。-31-AB18.A.aboveB.withinC.behindD.beyond 19.A.turning outB.putting upC.cutting downD.setting off 20.A.payingB.recognizingC.answeringD.charging 第31頁，共35頁。-32-AB【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文對于如何適應(yīng)異國的生活提供了幾點(diǎn)建議。1.C解析:文章開頭提到適應(yīng)國外的生活是不容易的,這是因?yàn)樵趪庥胁煌恼Z言和生活方式,所以此處要用differe