1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題探Grammatical FillingPractice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 Emmy Pan 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題解題策略 語(yǔ)法填空這種題型能全面檢測(cè)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法，甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力，能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合水平。 主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：一是語(yǔ)法，二是上下文的連貫性，而且語(yǔ)法是重點(diǎn)。它主要考查考生對(duì)高中英語(yǔ)大綱要求的基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、詞匯、習(xí)語(yǔ)和較為簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式的掌握和邏輯推理能力等情況。 從整篇布局來(lái)看，它的考點(diǎn)主要集中在以下三點(diǎn)： 1 詞或者詞組（名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞） 2 句子（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、連詞、關(guān)系詞）

2、 3 語(yǔ)篇（ 過(guò)渡詞）命題形式 (1)給出提示詞題型： 用括號(hào)里所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。主要提供的是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞三大類(lèi)，考生需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出正確的詞形，一般有6-7個(gè)小題。包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，以及詞類(lèi)或詞義的轉(zhuǎn)換等。 (2)純空格題型： 空后沒(méi)給詞，要求考生根據(jù)文意、上下文連貫性和行文邏輯，填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，包括代詞、介詞、限定詞 (冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等)、連詞、時(shí)間及地點(diǎn)副詞等。這類(lèi)題大約有3-4小題。 變填近4年語(yǔ)法填空題考點(diǎn)分布情況考點(diǎn)分布動(dòng)詞(含非謂)形容詞、副詞連詞、從句、引導(dǎo)詞介詞代詞冠詞名詞變填2014年1謂1非謂3形

3、1副（1比3原）2個(gè)（1定1并）0個(gè)0個(gè)1個(gè)1個(gè)（復(fù)數(shù)）822015年2謂2非謂2副1個(gè)（定從）1個(gè)1個(gè)0個(gè)1個(gè)（復(fù)數(shù)）732016年1謂2非謂1個(gè)1個(gè)1個(gè)1個(gè)1個(gè)2個(gè)642017年2謂2非謂2個(gè)（1比1原）1個(gè)1個(gè)0個(gè)1個(gè)1個(gè)73必考詞：謂非謂；形容詞、副詞；連詞，從句引導(dǎo)詞、名詞； 常考詞：介詞、代詞、冠詞變填連詞冠詞介詞副詞代詞名詞動(dòng)詞形容/副詞關(guān)連詞(引導(dǎo)詞）：三大從句(定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句） which, that, who, although，what, why, where 等并列連詞： and, but, while, so, neither nor 等強(qiáng)調(diào)句，倒裝句

4、中的連詞the; a+輔音音素； an+元音音素;抽象名詞具體化 success, surprise等n.前; vi.后; 定語(yǔ)從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞 等功能性連接副詞：however, therefore ,anyhow 等 修飾比較級(jí)的副詞 even，much 等不定代詞; 反身代詞; 物主代詞; 主/賓格 等單復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格; 與其它詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化謂語(yǔ)： 時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 虛擬語(yǔ)氣等非謂語(yǔ)：不定式，動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí); adj. adv. 相互轉(zhuǎn)化;adj.修飾 n. ; adv.修飾 adj. / adv. / v. 解題步驟1、跳讀大意2、初填易題3、補(bǔ)填難題4

5、、通讀檢查How to deal with Grammatical Filling? 就句子成分來(lái)說(shuō)，涉及到的句子成分有：主語(yǔ)（形式主語(yǔ)），謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)（形式賓語(yǔ)），賓補(bǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。考點(diǎn)1：主語(yǔ) （名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，do-ing，不定式，主從等）Recent _6_ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_ (regular) . (2016年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)It took years of work _5_ (reduce) the industrial

6、pollution and clean the water. (2014年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)studiesto reduce考點(diǎn)2：謂語(yǔ) （動(dòng)詞）Fast food _7_ (be) full of fat and salt;. (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) But at the moment, school _9_ (come) first. (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)III) When fat and salt _4_ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) until tomorrow

7、 _3_ (be) often acceptable . (2016年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II) iscomesare removed is考點(diǎn)3：賓語(yǔ)（名詞，代詞，do-ing，不定式，賓從等）This trend, , has had some unintended side _2_ (effect) such as (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) to avoid terrible _1_ (crowd) on the roads . (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II) influenced the _8_ (develop) of chopsticks. (2016年課標(biāo)全國(guó)III) She is determ

8、ined to carry on with her _6_ (educate). (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)III) effectscrowds development education考點(diǎn)4：表語(yǔ)（名詞，代詞，形容詞，to do，do-ing，done，表從，介短）However, be _9_ (care) not to go to extremes. (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) some of them looked very anxious and _3_ (disappoint) . (2014年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)考點(diǎn)5：賓補(bǔ)They are required _3_ (process) th

9、e food that we eat, to recover from . (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) 主補(bǔ)carefuldisappointedto process考點(diǎn)6：定語(yǔ)（名詞，形容詞，to do，doing，done，介短，定從 前置和后置）She is a very _3_ (care) mother. (2016年四川) and identify those of _1_ (great) and less importance. (2016年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)A study of travelers _8_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor na

10、mes Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) The adobe dwellings （土胚房）_1_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most. (2015年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II) carefulcaringgreater(which was) conductedbuilt考點(diǎn)7：狀語(yǔ)（形容詞，副詞，介短，doing，done，to do，狀從）Skilled worker

11、s also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_ (create) special designs. (2016全國(guó)課標(biāo)III) Recent _6_ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _7_ (regular) . (2016年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _10_ their hands. (2016年課標(biāo)全國(guó)III) to create

12、graduallywith考點(diǎn)8：同位語(yǔ)（名，不定代，數(shù)詞，同從）Set aside the thought _1_ you have to fall asleep. (2015河北百校聯(lián)盟3月模擬) （以上考點(diǎn)見(jiàn)5年高考，3年模擬P115-116）that 就句型來(lái)說(shuō)，主要涉及到的句子有5種基本句型：1 This cycle _8_ (go) day after day. （2015年課標(biāo)II）2 This trend, , has had some unintended side _2_ (effect) such as (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) 3 some of them looked

13、 very anxious and _3_ (disappoint) . (2014年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)goesS V 主謂effectsS V O 主謂賓disappointedS V P 主系表 就句型來(lái)說(shuō)，主要涉及到的句子有5種基本句型：4Sarah _3_ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, . （2017年課標(biāo)III）5 They are required _3_ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from . (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I) 主補(bǔ)以上考點(diǎn)解釋見(jiàn)5年高考3年模擬P

14、117 （其他特別句子后補(bǔ)）has been told was told S V O O 主謂雙賓to processS V O C 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題型分兩種情況：一種為已給單詞提示，另一種為不給單詞提示。下面就這兩種情況進(jìn)行分析、研究，總結(jié)出以下語(yǔ)法填空的解題技巧。How to deal with Grammatical Filling?Part A: How to change? 怎么變？(有提示詞)語(yǔ)法填空給提示詞解題技巧1 動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換-ing分詞不定式-ed分詞 有提示詞的解題技巧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語(yǔ)境1 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致）2 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞doing

15、: having (been) done + being done, done:to do: to have (been) done + to be done3 詞性變化：名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)有提示詞： 1動(dòng)詞技巧1 ：句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的詞與已存在謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)一致，且中間有并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時(shí)，需填的詞則是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。時(shí)態(tài)考慮要瞻前顧后。例1. The first card _ (design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.例2. That was definitely not an attract

16、ive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away.例3. Nobody knows what _ (happen) if she had refused to pay.was designed closedwould have happenedIt was raining lightly when I_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. (2015新課標(biāo)）Yangshuo _ (be) really beautiful. (2015新課標(biāo)

17、） Be patient! Tai Chi _ (call) “shadow boxing” (太極拳） in English.We _ (tell) that our rooms had already been reserved for that week, （2014廣東）高考鏈接arrivedisis calledwere toldbuildingFollowedseatedTo completeA. _ (follow) by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall.B. The workers _(build) the bridge

18、came from all over the country. C.We hope _(get) there before dark.D. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. E. The first time she stepped into the room, she noticed a strange man _ (seat) near the stove.技巧2 ：若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且設(shè)空處和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折或并列連詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該考慮此處考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

19、就要確定用 doing形式，done形式，還是 to do 形式。非謂語(yǔ)的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間 的關(guān)系。to get 1._ (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.2.The girls came in, _ (follow) their parents.3._(see) from the hill, the city looks like a garden.4._(give) more time, I would have worked out the problem.SeeingfollowingSeen隨堂

20、檢測(cè)GivenheThe girlsthe cityI5.Last night, there were millions of people _(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.6. No one knows the girl _ (stand) there.7.I remembered _(lock) the door before I left the office.watching standingto lockpeoplethe girlBy _(eat) more fast food people will get more salt a

21、nd fat than they need in their diet. (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)2. This included digging up the road, _ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. (2017年課標(biāo)全國(guó)II)3. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _ (use) twigs（樹(shù)枝）to remove it. (2016年課標(biāo)全國(guó)III)高考鏈接eatinglayingusing1 But Tom knew fro

22、m past experience that his _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased his father. 2 , those around her had noted her _ (satisfy) with not finishing school.choice技巧3：有時(shí)給出的動(dòng)詞既不是謂語(yǔ)形式也不是非謂語(yǔ)形式,這時(shí)需要進(jìn)行詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換。（V-Adj; V-Adv; V-N ）(dis)satisfactionShe is determined to carry on with her _ (educate) . (2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)III）2.

23、 But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _(attract). (2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)I）3 , those around her had noted her_ (satisfy) with not finishing school.4 Then, handle the most important tasks first so you will feel a real sense of _(achieve). (2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)II） 高考鏈接educationattractionsatisfactionachievement動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)

24、態(tài)主謂一致to dodoingdone 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞How to change?詞性變換不同考點(diǎn)各個(gè)擊破John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it.2. My parents have always made me _ (feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. 3. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood

25、. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. 5 . Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. feel grow to learn fixedfinished 6. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a sh

26、ort period. 7. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music.8. Peter received a letter just now _ (say) his grandma would come to see him soon. 9. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. improved heard saying to sett

27、le 10. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 11. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. 12. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the c

28、ar. 13. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 14. He hurried to the booking office only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.moving Walking Having waited Blamed Having been blamed to be told 15. European football is played in 80 countries, _

29、 (make) it the most popular sport in the world. 16. You were silly not _(lock) your car. 17. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe). 18. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 19. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he

30、was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 20. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day.making to have locked to breathe To complete asked watered 有提示詞的解題技巧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語(yǔ)境1 Adj Adv 的比較級(jí)或者最高級(jí)2 Adj Adv 的之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化3 轉(zhuǎn)化為其他詞性有提示詞： 2AdjAdvharder sweeter Actually gradually例1. Soon

31、Charlie made friends with Patrick and his stepsister Sara and they _(gradual) became friends.例2. _ (actual), what you said is reasonable to some extent.例3. Nothing could be _ (sweet).例4. He jumped even _(hard) and finally made himself out.例5. The higher you stand, the _ (far) you will see.技巧1：第一步，分析

32、句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空處在句中做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)還是做狀語(yǔ)。第二步，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)境或句子意思確定填原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)，以及要不要加表否定或反義的前綴、后綴。技巧2：給出的ADJ 或者Adv詞性保持不變時(shí)，優(yōu)先考慮比較級(jí)或者最高級(jí)；技巧3：有些詞常給ADJ形式，然后用其副詞形式，比如actual(ly), sudden(ly), complete(ly), gradual(ly), regular(ly), accidental(ly), natural(ly) farther Tips:1 比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志：more and more; than; even; the more, the more; a

33、 littlea lot far much （比較級(jí)的修飾詞）；兩者里比較的那一個(gè)用比較級(jí)。Tips:2 最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志：A:有范圍 (in，of，among或從句等)修飾的用最高級(jí)。如：Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.冬季是一年里最冷的季節(jié)。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我所看過(guò)的最好的電影。B:“oneofthe形容詞最高級(jí)復(fù)數(shù)名詞in/of短語(yǔ)”表示“中最之一”。如：BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中國(guó)最大的城市之一。C：選擇疑問(wèn)句中用于三者或三者以上的比較。如

34、：Whichcountryisthelargest，China，Brazil orCanada？哪一個(gè)國(guó)家最大，中國(guó)，巴西還是加拿大？D：表示“第幾個(gè)最”時(shí)，用“the序數(shù)詞最高級(jí)名詞單數(shù)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. (2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)I）2. and it must have been _ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers. (2017

35、課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）3 The . Railway was one of the most _ (success) of these new lines, and was (2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）4 It is _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle . (2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)III） 高考鏈接worsefairlysuccessfulcertainly5 and identify those of _(great) and less importance. (2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）6. says it _(regular) arranges quick getaways h

36、ere for people _(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)I） and give out that that heat _(slow) during cool nights, (2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）高考鏈接greaterregularlyslowly 有提示詞的解題技巧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語(yǔ)境1 N的單復(fù)數(shù)2 轉(zhuǎn)化為其他詞性有提示詞： 3 N in so many Chinese _(painting). (2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）2. The nursery team switches him every few _(day) wit

37、h his sister so that . (2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)I）3 to avoid terrible _（crowd）(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)II）4 As _(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians (2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)II） 高考鏈接paintingsdayscrowdsnatural綜合檢測(cè)I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first 38_ (go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken

38、Bridge. Peter _ (leave) for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him.I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage.I went down there, _ (pay) my penny and got a receipt.paidis being repairedhad leftgo5.There, 40_ (place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five penniesher tip!6.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 40_ (complete) the test! 7.My pupils, 40_ (inclu