1、1. budget vt. 為做預算，編制預算 The government has budgeted 10，000，000 for education spending.政府將100萬英鎊編入教育預算。vi. (為特定的目的)節省或用錢We have to budget for the coming year now. 我們現在就得為明年做預算。n.C,U預算 The chancellors budget must be approved by Parliament. 首相的預算必須得到議會的批準。a.便宜的，廉價的Budget dresses are on sale.【考點】1）budge

2、t 用作動詞時，通常與for 連用，構成 budget sth. for sth. 或budget for sth. 結構。例句如上。 2）常用短語：balance ones budget 量入為出，平衡預算；with/below budget 在預算內，低于預算；budget account預算賬戶【記憶技巧】 budgetary a.預算的；budgeteer ,budgeter n.編預算的人2. interaction n.C,U 交流；相互作用，相互影響，合作This is called interaction of electrons.這就叫電子的相互作用。The teacher

3、noticed the interaction between students and teachers. 那位教師注意到了師生間的相互影響。【考點】1)interaction 常與among/between sb./sth. 連用，例句如上2）interaction 還可以與with sb./sth. 連用，如：interaction with each other at parties 聚會中的互相交往【記憶技巧】interact v.相互作用，相互影響，互相合作；interactive a.(指至少兩個人或物)一起活動或互相合作的，交互式的3. assess vt.估價，評價Its d

4、ifficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet. 還很難評價新法規的影響。【考點】assess常用于assess sth. at sth. 或assess sth. as sth. 結構中，如：They assess the value of the house at over 250，000. 他們估計房價超過25萬美元。Id assess your chances as extremely low. 我估計你成功的機會渺茫。【記憶技巧】assessable a. 可估價的，可估計的；assessment n.估價

5、，評價，估價法，估計法；assessor n. 估計財產的人，技術顧問，助理4. conduct vt. （1）進行，指導，管理She was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign. 她被委派主持宣傳活動。（2）傳導（電、熱等）Copper conducts electricity better than other material do. 銅的導電性比其他的材料好。n.U 行為，品行Im sorry to see your bad conduct at school. 看到你在學校的糟糕表現，我感到十分遺憾。【考點】1）conduct

6、oneself (well,badly ect.)(行為) 表現，如：How did the prisoner conduct himself?那犯人表現如何？2）conduct 為不可數名詞，做主語時，要用單數形式的謂語動詞，如：All his conduct is far from satisfactory.5. obtain vt. 取得，獲得，買到，借到We wished to obtain first-hand information. 我們希望能獲得第一手資料。I havent been able to obtain that record anywhere , can you o

7、btain it for me?我到處都弄不到那張唱片，你能替我弄到嗎？【考點】obtain sth. for sb. 為某人弄到某物，例句如上。【記憶技巧】 obtainable a. 可獲得的，可取得的，可買到的；obtainment n.獲得6. competent a.(指人)有能力（技術、知識）的，能干的，勝利的Hes a highly competent driver. 他是個技術高超的司機。【考點】1）competent常與介詞as連用，表示能勝任某一職位，如： Is she competent as a teacher?她是一個能干的老師嗎？2）與分詞for 連用，表示有資格做

8、，如：He is competent for teaching English.他能勝任英語教學工作。3）與介詞at/in連用，表示在某些方面勝任，如：Hes not competent at/in his work. 他不勝任的工作。4）與不定式連用，表示有能力做，如：He was not competent to look after young children.他沒有看小孩的本事。【記憶技巧】competent n.能力，勝任； competent ad.能干地，有能力地，能勝任地【辨析】 competent 和 qualified ,兩者均有“（能）勝任的”之意。competent

9、有能力的，能干的，能勝任的。指有做某事的一般能力。例句如上。qualified勝任的，合格的。主要指后天習得的技能，經過一定的教育或者訓練而能夠勝任某項工作，如：He is well qualified to do the job.他完全勝任那項工作。7. fulfillvt.(1) 履行，執行，完成If you make a promise , you should fulfill it. 如果你做出承諾，你就要兌現。（2）滿足，與相符The traveling library fulfills an important need for people who live far from t

10、he town. 流動圖書館滿足了遠離城鎮的具名的一項重要需求。Does your job fulfill your expectations? 你對你的工作滿意嗎？【考點】 fulfill oneself 充分發揮自己的能力和性格，如：He was able to fulfill himself through music. 他通過音樂能充分發揮自己的才能。【記憶技巧】fulfilled a.滿意的，滿足的，十分愉快的；fulfillment n.滿足，滿意8. result in 致使，導致，造成的結果The talks resulted in reducing the number of

11、 missiles. 談判導致導彈數量減少。【用法】1）當result表示（因而）發生，產生，出現時，與介詞from連用，如：Any damage resulting from negligencemust be paid for by the borrower.因疏忽引起的任何損壞應由借用者負責賠償。2）result作為名詞，用于些列詞組中：as a result作為結果，因此；as a result of 由于，作為結果；with the result that 因此；without result毫無結果地9. nothing but 只有，除以外什么也不Dont worry for my

12、 illness;what I need is nothing but a few days rest.不用擔心我的病，我只要稍微休息幾天就會好的。Nothing but a miracle can save her.只有奇跡能挽救她。【用法】1）nothing but + n.做主語時，無論后面的名詞為單數還是復數，謂語動詞都是單數形式，如：Nothing but doubts prevents you from succeeding.僅僅是疑慮就會阻止你成功。2）注重區分anything but 與nothing but的含義和用法。anything but 意為 “絕不”。10. amo

13、unt for 解釋，說明His illness accounts for his absence.因為生病，所以他缺席。【用法】1）account to sb.for sth.對某人解釋某事，如：You should have to account to me for this.你必須把這件事情給我解釋清楚。2）account for sb./sth.摧毀某物，殺死某人，如：Our anti-aircraft guns accounted for five enemy bombers.我軍高射炮擊落五架敵軍轟炸機。同步訓練1The education B for the coming yea

14、r is about 4 billion,which is much more than what people expected.A allowance B budget C reservation D finance2The court is not A hear your case.A competent to B competent for C capable of D able to3Copper D electricity.A cracks B equips C strikes D conducts4The police C the evidence by legal means

15、that George murdered his wife.A achieve B gains C obtained D plain5After listening to his speech for 3 hours , the audience became A .A restless B excited C fascinated D enthusiastic6The pain in his back C from a fall several years ago.A terminates B ends C results D is due7He is C our praise.A wort

16、h B worthy C worthy of D worth of8The government C the diplomatic note from Japan for its unclear attitude to the trade between countries.A denied B refused C rejected D objected9The television interviewer A the Foreign Minister to comment on the current affairs.A invited B request formally C demand

17、ed D ordered10Im not really D with the taxation laws here.A known B friendly C common D familiarHandout 2：Words Study for Unit 21. pat vt. Touch sb. or sth. Lightly and repeatedly with a flat hand 輕拍Linda patted her hair to be sure it was neat. 琳達拍了拍頭發，把頭發弄得整整齊齊。The teacher patted him on the shoulde

18、r/ patted his shoulder and encouraged him. 老師拍拍他的肩膀，給他鼓勵。 n. C a light friendly touch with the flat hand 輕拍The nurse gave the little girl a pat. 護士輕輕拍了一下小女孩。【習慣用語】pat sb. on the back 輕拍某人的背; 恭維, 贊美；a pat on the back 口贊揚或鼓勵的表示My wife received a pat on the back for doing a good job. 我妻子工作干得出色而得到贊揚。2.

19、amateur adj. doing sth. just for pleasure; not professional 業余的He is an amateur photographer. 他是個業余攝影愛好者。An amateur painter/ performance/dramatic club 業余畫家/演出/劇社 n. sb. who does sth. just for pleasure 業余愛好者Although hes only an amateur, hes a first-class player. 雖然他只是個業余愛好者,但卻是一流的高手。The young politic

20、ian is an amateur at manipulating public opinion. 那個年輕政客在操縱輿論方面是個外行。【反義詞】professional adj. 專業的，職業的; a professional field such as law;專業領域，如法律; professional ethics 職業道德; amateur and professional actors 業余和專業演員; professional football職業足球n. 專業人員，行家I would like to hire a professional to decorate the hou

21、se. 我想雇一名專業裝飾工來裝修房子。3. gratitude n. the state of being grateful; 感激，謝意【習慣用語】(1) express ones gratitude to sb. for sth. 為某事對某人表示感謝We can hardly express our gratitude to you for your timely help. 對于你們的及時幫助，我們很難表達我們的感激之情。 (2)with gratitude 懷著感激的心情My family watched Moving China 2008 with gratitude and a

22、dmiration. 我們全家人懷著感激和崇拜的心情看完了感動中國2008. (3)out of gratitude 出于感激Do you agree that patients send under-table money to their doctors out of gratitude?你贊成病人是出于感激給他們的醫生送紅包嗎？【同義詞】appreciation，thankfulness4. fatigue vt. Make sb. feel tired 使疲勞My new job really fatigued me during the first two months. 最初兩個月

23、，我的新工作真的使我感到非常疲勞。A short journey like that could not fatigue her, and might distract her thoughts.“那樣短短的旅途不會太疲乏，也許可以叫她散散心。”The excessive exercises fatigued her before Beijing Olympic Games diving trials. 北京奧林匹克跳水選拔賽之前的過度操練使她感到很疲乏。 vi. feel tired 疲勞 The patient fatigues easily. 病人容易疲勞。 n. U great tir

24、edness 疲乏，疲勞Her initial symptoms were suspicious-loss of appetite and general fatigue. 她最初的癥狀很值得懷疑：食欲減退、周身乏力。He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue. 他雖然疲倦極了,可是仍然堅持工作。5. indifferent adj. （1）（to）not interested in; not caring 漠不關心的，冷漠的We cannot be indifferent to the sufferings o

25、f others. 我們不能對別人遭受的痛苦漠然處之。I am indifferent to their arguments. 我對他們的爭論毫不關心。 （2）Characterized by a lack of partiality; unbiased中立的，公正的Remember to remain indifferent in the dispute. 記住要在這場爭論中保持中立。 （3）Being neither good nor bad 一般的，平凡的an indifferent performance 一場平庸的表演 （4）Not active or involved（物理）惰性的

26、an indifferent chemical in a reaction反應中不活躍的化學成分詞形變換：indifference n. 冷淡，不關心His indifference really irritated me. 他這么漠不關心，真叫我惱火。I sat by the road and eyed the passing crowd with indifference. 我坐在路邊，漠然地看著過往人群。6. rebel vi. （1）(against) Fight against sb. in authority or against an idea or situation 造反，反

27、叛，反抗Migrant workers should learn to use law to protest themselves and rebel against the exploitation from their bosses.農民工應該學會使用法律來保護自己，反抗老板的剝削。Protestors from the Peoples Alliance for Democracy launched large-scale demonstrations and rebelled against Thai government since August 2008.2008年8月以來，來自民盟

28、的抗議者舉行大規模游行示威，反對泰國政府。 （2）（at）To feel or express strong unwillingness反感She rebelled at the unwelcome suggestion. 她對這討厭的建議感到反感。Husbands rebel at their nagging wives. 丈夫們反感愛嘮叨的妻子。 n. (C) a person who rebels 造反者，反叛者，反抗者adj. 造反的; 反叛的 the rebel army 叛軍 詞形變換：rebellious adj. 反叛的，反抗的 rebellion n. 反叛，反抗，叛亂7.

29、assert vt.（1）state or declare firmly 斷言，聲稱The lawyers asserted that their client was not guilty. 律師們辯稱他們的訴訟委托人是無辜的。The old man asserted that the girl had stolen his wallet. 老人堅持說那個女孩偷了他的錢包。【習慣用語】assert oneself 堅持己見I had to assert myself in the meeting in order to ensure acquisition of the new book.我

30、在會上不得不堅持自己觀點以保證得到那本新書。 （2）to defend or maintain 維護，堅持（如自己的權利）Women should assert their rights more! 婦女應該繼續維護她們的權利。We should know how to assert national independence. 我們應該懂得如何維護民族獨立。詞形變換：asserted adj. 宣稱的（尚待證實的） the asserted value of a painting 一幅畫的所謂價值 assertion n. 主張，斷言，聲明 stand to ones assertion 堅

31、持已見8. swear v. make a promise to do sth. 發誓，宣誓（swore，sworn）I swear that I would never let the secret out. 我發誓永遠不會泄漏這個秘密。He swore to speak the truth. 他發誓要說實話。The young man swore on his honor that he would be loyal to his wife forever. 年輕人以自己的名譽發誓他會永遠忠實于他的妻子。 vicurse 咒罵 （at）Lisa asked her husband to s

32、top swearing in front of the kids. 麗莎要她的丈夫不要在孩子們面前說臟話。The woman swore at the waiter after he spilt coffee onto her skirt. 服務員把咖啡濺到了那個女人的裙子上，她狠狠地罵了他。【習慣用語】swear black is white顛倒黑白, 不惜一切, 不擇手段Dont believe a word that man tells you. Hed swear black was white if he thought it was to his advantage. 別相信那人

33、的話。只要對他有利，他能硬把黑的說成白的。She wants that job very much, and shell swear back is white to get it. 她非常想得到那份工作，因此她會不擇手段地去得到它。9. persist v. （in, with）continue to do sth. in spite of opposition or warning 堅持We should persist in the mass line. 我們應堅持群眾路線。He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle. 他執意要騎那輛破

34、自行車。If you persist in being late for work, you will be fired. 如果你老是上班遲到，你會被開除的。 viContinue to exist 持續存在或發生I wonder how long the problems will persist. 我們想知道這些問題多久才能解決。The drought will persist all over the country. 惡劣的天氣將在全國范圍持續一段時間。詞形變換：persistence n. 堅持，持續，毅力By persistence many countries won freed

35、om. 通過堅持不懈的努力，許多國家贏得了自由。Great persistence is necessary for success. 堅忍不拔是成功所必需的。 persistent adj. 堅持的，持久的 persistent effort 堅持不懈的努力10. rank vi. Have a particular position in a list of people or things 位于等級（或地位）This small city ranks high among tourist spots. 這座小城市在旅游景點中享有盛名。In Beijing the Chinese team

36、 got 51 gold medals, ranking first of all the competing countries. 在北京奧運會上，中國隊共獲51枚金牌，列所有參賽國家的第一位。 vt. Decide the position of sb. or sth. based on importance or quality 排列The owner of the bookstore was ranking books on the shelf. 店主正在排列架子上的書。I rank all other American Presidents below George Washingt

37、on. 美國歷屆總統中，我將約翰華盛頓總統列為第一。 n. C,U the position or level that sb. holds in an organization; ones social position 職位，社會地位My cousin was just promoted to the rank of captain. 我表哥剛晉升到上尉軍銜。Macaulay had wealth and fame, rank and power, and yet he tells us in his biography that he owed the happiest hours of

38、 his life to books. 麥考萊擁有財富和名聲、地位和權力，然而他在傳記里告訴我們他一生中最快樂的時光就是與書為伴。詞形變換：ranking n. 排名，級別What is his actual ranking in all the applicants? 他在所有申請人當中的排名如何？Some high-ranking officers plotted to overturn the government. 有幾名高級軍官策劃推翻政府。Vocabulary1. Premier Wen _C_ to comfort her.A. patted the little girl on

39、 her head B. gave the little girl a patting on the headC. patted the little girl on the head D. gave the little girl a pat on her head2. The football player is a gifted _D_, not a _, because he hasnt received any special training.A. professional vocational B. amateur occupational C. vocational amate

40、ur D. amateur professional3. The woman expressed her _B_ to the policeman who had saved her life just now.A. grateful B. gratitude C. emotion D. passion4. After the whole days house chores, my mother suffered from _C_.A. tired B. exhaust C. fatigue D. weary5. He was _B_ to all the things around him

41、after falling out of love.A. unconcerned B. indifferent C. incurious D. uninterested6. Tibetan separatists have made every attempt to _D_ Chinese government. A. rebel to B. rebel at C. rebel for D. rebel against7. Every citizen should know how to _A_ his legal rights.A. assert B. declare C. affirm D

42、. confirm 8. He _A_ all the angels and saints of heaven that he had told the truth.A. swore by B. swore at C. swore against D. swore9. I wish the good weather could _C_ another two weeks.A. insist B. consist C. persist D. assist10. I will try my best to _B_ first in the next oral English contest.A.

43、range B. rank C. line D. rowHandout 3: Words Study for Unit 31. compromise n. v.(1) C, U an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥協；折中; 折衷事物e.g.make compromise with與.妥協promise of principle 原則上的讓步e.g.He did it without compromise of his dignity

44、. 他做這事而不損及他的尊嚴。e.g. It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in todays talk. 希望今天的會談能達成妥協。翻譯:經過幾個小時的討論，他們達成了妥協。They managed to reach a compromise after several hours of discussion.這個不協調的設計是高科技與早期美式建筑折衷的產物The incongruous design is a compromise between high tech and early American.(2) v. reach an

45、 agreement by making a compromise 妥協；折中Compromise with sb on/over sth, compromise at 價格數字e.g.The workers are going to strike for their welfare if the employers are not ready to compromise. 雇主們要是不妥協，工人們就將為爭取自己的福利而罷工。e.g.Well, you want $400 and I say $300, so lets compromise at $350. 好吧，既然你開價400美元而我還價

46、300美元，那我們就來個折衷價350美元。翻譯: 政府與其他黨派領導人就下屆大選日期達成了妥協。The government has compromised with other party leaders over the date of the next general election. 派生詞: Compromising adj 妥協的，折中的2. compatible a.（1）. (of people) able to have a good relationship because of similar opinions or interests 合得來的；情投意合的e.g.Th

47、e couple separated because they were not compatible. 這對夫妻因合不來而分手了。翻譯: 在你們合住之前你先要確定是否能和他和睦相處。Make sure youre compatible with him before you start sharing a house.（2）. (of equipment) able to be used together 兼容的；配套的, 與.不矛盾的， 一致的（with）be compatible with與.相適應， 不矛盾， 一致， 相似e.g .The computer program isnt c

48、ompatible with this operating system. 計算機程序與這套操作系統不兼容。翻譯: 這臺打印機能與大多數計算機配套使用。The printer is compatible with most computers.派生詞: incompatible a.not compatible 合不來的；不兼容的 e.g .I have never seen such an incompatible couple. 我從未見過這么合不來的夫妻。3. overlook vt.(1) not notice sth., ignore sth 沒注意到；忽略e.g He overlo

49、oked a spelling mistake on the first page. 他沒有注意到第一頁上的一處拼寫錯誤。e.g .I overlooked this problem and have to deal with it now. 我之前忽視了這個問題，現在必須要著手解決它。(2) have a view of a place from above 俯視；眺望 e.g Her bedroom has large windows overlooking a lake. 她臥室的幾扇大窗戶正對著湖面。overlook a valley from a hill 從山上俯視山谷a towe

50、r overlooking the city 俯瞰全市的塔樓overlook the accounts 檢查帳目 overlook a fault 寬容過失 (3) n.疏忽, 眺望; 視察; 俯瞰中的景色; 了望四周的高地e.g It was a slight overlook on my part. 這是我的一個小疏忽。e.g There are plenty of overlooks and trails. 有許多可供俯瞰之處和小徑。派生詞: overlooker n. 監工, 工頭Overlook=over-上+look看，由上往下看翻譯: 我租了一間能俯視中央公園的房子。I rent

51、ed a room overlooking the Central Park.4. resistancen.(1) sing., U refusal to accept sth. 抵制；反對e.g The idea met with some resistance. 那個意見遭到了一些反對。翻譯: 對歐洲統一的想法存在許多反對意見。Theres a lot of resistance to the idea of a united Europe. (2) sing., U the use of force to act against sb. or sth. 抵抗；對抗 e.g .They p

52、ut up a passive resistance. 他們進行著消極的抵抗。良好的日常飲食可增強身體的抗病能力。break down the enemys resistance 粉碎敵人的抵抗翻譯: A good diet helps the body to build up resistance to disease. 派生詞:resistant adj.（形容詞）抵抗的; 反抗的; 耐久的;5. prejudicen.vt(1)C an opinion or dislike of sb. or sth. that is not based on reason 偏見；成見e.g .She

53、has a prejudice against modern music. 她對現代音樂懷有偏見。e.g . social prejudice 社會偏見翻譯: 他對所有的外國人都有偏見。He has a prejudice against all foreigners.(2) 損害, 傷害e.g . I will do nothing to the prejudice of my friend in this matter. 我在此事上不會傷害我的朋友。 (3) vt. 使抱偏見, 使懷成見e.g .be prejudiced against in favour of a person 對某人

54、有反感好感e.g .These facts prejudiced them against her. 這些事實促使他們對她有偏見。e.g .His honesty and sincerity prejudiced us in his favour. 他的真誠使 我們對他產生好感。短語: in to the prejudice (of) 不利于, 有損于without prejudice (to) 無損于, 無害于, 不影響prejudice sb. against 使某人對.產生偏見prejudice sb.in favour of 使某人對.產生好感6. confirm(1).vt. pro

55、ve that sth. is true 證實；證明；確定e.g .The announcements confirmed that the election would take place on June 20. 公告證實選舉將于6月20日舉行。短語:confirm a theory證實一種理論confirm ones belief堅定信念confirm a contract簽合同， 批準合同(2) v. make a plan, meeting, etc. certain, esp. by telephone or writing 確認e.g .a note asking us to confirm when we would be arriving 要求我們確定何時抵達的便條 翻譯:我預訂了7月1日一間雙人房，想確認一下。Id like to confirm a reservation for a double room on the first of July.派生詞: confirmable adj. 可確定的， 能證實的； 可批準的confirmation n. 證實, 確認, 批準e.g .in co