1、1.淹沒，淹死淹沒，淹死vt.& vi2.悲哀，悲傷悲哀，悲傷n.3.編織編織vt.& vi.4.餓死餓死vi.& vt.5.牧群，獸群牧群，獸群n.6.原諒原諒vt.7.哭泣，流淚哭泣，流淚vt.8.道歉，辯白道歉，辯白vi.9.明顯的明顯的adj.10.提醒，使想起提醒，使想起vt. Revision 1.drown2.sadness3.weave4.starve5.herd6.forgive7.weep8.apologize9.obvious10.remind11.出現，到場出現，到場12.守信用，履行諾言守信用，履行諾言13.屏息，屏氣屏息，屏氣14.出發，動身出發，動身15.紀念，緬

2、懷紀念，緬懷16.發生發生17.搞惡作劇搞惡作劇18.期望期望19.日夜，整天日夜，整天20.玩得開心玩得開心11.turn up12.keep ones word13.hold ones breath14.set off15.in memory of16.take place 17.play a trick on18.look forward to19.day and night20.have fun withAnswer key for Discovering useful structuresas though belief celebration Christians custom h

3、ave fun with origin religiousMany people think that Christmas is a western _, but in fact it is really a worldwide holiday. Christmas actually started as a _ festival celebrated by _ around the world. Answer key for Its _ is around the 3rd or 4th century AD, when the _ of remembering Jesus birth on

4、December 25th first started. Today, of course, many people celebrate Christmas _ it were just a holiday to _ family, rather than a holiday about a _.Custom admire feast harvest trick belief starve gather gain look forward to Dont _the day you stop suffering, because when it comes you know youll be d

5、ead. A dog _ at his masters gate predicts the ruin of the state. I would rather have a mind opened by wonder than one closed by _. Answer key for _ you rosebuds while you may, old time is still a-flying, and this same flower that smiles today, tomorrow will be dying. However big the fool, there is a

6、lways a bigger fool to _ him. _ , then, is the great guide of human life. Other peoples _ are always the best _, but ones own children are always the best children. There is no _ on earth does not end in parting. Everyone has some _they can do, but each has his own way of doing them. Those who can l

7、ose shall _ ; those who wish for _shall lose. -modal verbmodal verbGrammar 情態動詞表示說話人的某種感情或語情態動詞表示說話人的某種感情或語氣，對某一動作或狀態的某種態度。氣，對某一動作或狀態的某種態度。表示表示“需要、可以、必須、應當需要、可以、必須、應當”等。等。 什么是情態動詞？什么是情態動詞？ (Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)情態動詞的語法特征情態動詞的語法特征1. 情態動詞情態動詞 不能單獨做謂語，除不能單獨做謂語，除ought 和和have外，后面只能接不帶外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式

8、。的不定式。 2. 情態動詞沒有人稱，數的變化，但有情態動詞沒有人稱，數的變化，但有 些情態動詞，如些情態動詞，如can, will也有一般式也有一般式 和過去式的變化。和過去式的變化。只作情態動詞的只作情態動詞的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情態可實義的可情態可實義的 need, dare/dared可情態可助動詞的可情態可助動詞的 shall/should, will/would相當于情態動詞的相當于情態動詞的 have to, used to3. 情態動詞的情態動詞的“時態時態”形式并不是時間形式并不是時間區別的主要標志，不少情況下，情態動區

9、別的主要標志，不少情況下，情態動詞的現在式形式和過去式形式都可用來詞的現在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現在時間、過去時間和將來時間。表示現在時間、過去時間和將來時間。可能性從大到小可能性從大到小: must can could may might 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. _： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. _： eg. Can the news be true?can 和和could：表示能力表示能力表示推測可能性表示推測可能性（多用于疑問否定句中）（多用于疑問否定句中）其他用法：命令，驚訝，不相信等。If you wont

10、 keep quiet, you can get out!You cant be serious! C. _:eg. Can I sit here? 表請求或允許表請求或允許2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. _: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. 我三歲就能看書了。我三歲就能看書了。 Father said I could go out with my friends.could 是是can的過去式的過去式, 表示表示過去的能力過去的能力,許可和推測許可和推測B. could可代替可代替can表示請

11、求表示請求, 語氣委婉語氣委婉eg. Could you lend me your bike? Could I use your bike? -Yes, you canmay 和和might ： may 常用來表示：常用來表示： A. _ eg. May I come in ? Yes, please. B. _表示請求、允許表示請求、允許;比比can正式正式:eg. -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon表示猜測表示猜測答語避免使用答語避免使用ma

12、y，以免顯得，以免顯得太嚴肅或太不客氣太嚴肅或太不客氣 C. _ eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! 表示祝愿;語氣較正式:多在間接引語中表示多在間接引語中表示過去的可能和允許過去的可能和允許。也可以表示現在的可能性，但是比也可以表示現在的可能性，但是比may表示的表示的可能性更小可能性更小，且，且might可以用于虛擬可以用于虛擬語氣，語氣，may不可以。不可以。might 的用法有的用法有: She said that he might take her bike. 她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。Yo

13、u might get some help from her if she were here.will和和would：1. I will tell you something important.我將要告訴你一些重要的事我將要告訴你一些重要的事I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen.我一遍一遍地告訴他不要抽煙，但他就是不聽。我一遍一遍地告訴他不要抽煙，但他就是不聽。 I told him not to do it, but he would. （助動詞）（助動詞） （情態動詞）（情態動詞）w

14、ill用于構成將來時是助動詞。用于構成將來時是助動詞。用于表用于表“意志意志/決心決心/請求請求”是情態動詞。是情態動詞。would亦同理，只是表過去。亦同理，只是表過去。2. _ If you want help, let me know, will you? 如果你需要幫助如果你需要幫助, 讓我知道讓我知道, 好嗎好嗎? Would you type this, please? 請打印這個，好嗎？請打印這個，好嗎？ Wont you sit down? 請坐下，好嗎？請坐下，好嗎？ 疑問句中用于第二人稱，提出請求疑問句中用于第二人稱，提出請求表委婉不是表過去表委婉不是表過去3. _Woul

15、d you help us, please? 請您幫助我們，好嗎？請您幫助我們，好嗎？Id go there with you. 我要和你一塊到那兒去。我要和你一塊到那兒去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老師不會允許這件事。老師不會允許這件事。（表請求）（表請求）would比比will客氣委婉。客氣委婉。（表意愿）（表意愿）（表許可）（表許可）Will /Would you do? 表請求表請求表意志，愿望，決心表意志，愿望，決心would表過去反復發生得動作或某種傾向表過去反復發生得動作或某種傾向 “總是總是,總要總要”used to表過去常常（現在已沒有這種習慣）表

16、過去常常（現在已沒有這種習慣） “過去常常過去常常”used to 可于狀態動詞連用可于狀態動詞連用would不可以不可以eg. He used to be a quiet boy. ()He would be a quiet boy. ( ) will/wouldshall和和should： 1. Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我會去英國觀光。可能今年冬天我會去英國觀光。 （構成一般將來時（構成一般將來時, 助動詞）助動詞）shall用于構成將來時是助動詞。用于構成將來時是助動詞。Shall we go by

17、 train, Mom?媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？Shall he come in? 要他進來嗎？要他進來嗎？2. 用于征求意見用于征求意見,是情態動詞是情態動詞, 一般一般用于第一人稱和第三人稱，用于用于第一人稱和第三人稱，用于疑問句中疑問句中Nothing shall stop us.You shall get what you deserve.He shall be punished if he breaks the rule.No one shall smoke here. 3. 用于表允諾，決心，警告，命令用于表允諾，決心，警告，命令, 或頒布法令規定等。用于二

18、三人稱。或頒布法令規定等。用于二三人稱。4. eg: You should keep your promise. 你應該遵守諾言。你應該遵守諾言。You should call the police.*表示“按理說”。Its 8 oclock now, he should be here at any moment.*表埋怨，用于“Shouldnt ?”Shouldnt you be doing your homework now? should表示義務表示義務/建議建議/勸告，意為勸告，意為 “應該應該”。 must 的主要用法：的主要用法： 1. _ eg: We must all die

19、. 人總要死的。人總要死的。 2. _eg: You must get up early. 你必須早起來。你必須早起來。表示必然性。表示必然性。表示強制表示強制/義務。義務。 如：如：We mustnt waste our time. - May I take this magazine out? - No, you mustnt. 注意注意: must not : “禁止禁止”。must 用于一般疑問句的時候，用于一般疑問句的時候，肯定回答用肯定回答用yes, please 或者或者 Im afraid so, 其否定回答用其否定回答用 neednt 或者或者 dont have to表示推

20、測，意為表示推測，意為“一定是一定是”。must+v 對現在的推測對現在的推測must+have+過去分詞過去分詞 對過去的推測對過去的推測must+be+v-ing 對將來或現在進行時的推測對將來或現在進行時的推測表示表示“偏偏偏偏”，表達對某事的不滿或責備等情，表達對某事的不滿或責備等情緒。緒。Why must it rain on Sunday? 情態動詞情態動詞 + have done這是歷年高考熱點之一，這是歷年高考熱點之一，可表示可表示“推測、責備、懷疑推測、責備、懷疑”等多種意義。等多種意義。一、表示對過去事情的推測或估計一、表示對過去事情的推測或估計1. must have d

21、one “想必或肯定已經做了某事想必或肯定已經做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已經做了某事大概已經做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still not sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已經做了某事不可能已經做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rain

22、ed last night二、表示對過去所發生事情的遺憾或責備二、表示對過去所發生事情的遺憾或責備1. should/ought to have done “過去本該做而沒做過去本該做而沒做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “過去不該做的事卻做了過去不該做的事卻做了” eg: Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said

23、to you at that moment.3. could/might have done “本來能夠做的事卻沒做本來能夠做的事卻沒做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本沒有必要來（實際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實際卻來了）他本沒有必要來（實際卻來了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事卻做了原本不必做的事卻做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school, so y

24、ou neednt have left in such a hurry.5. didnt need to do/ didnt have to do “ 沒有必要做，實際也沒做沒有必要做，實際也沒做” eg: I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it.6. Would rather have done “本想做卻未做成本想做卻未做成” eg: I would rather have come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time. -_ I go

25、out to play, mum? -No, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustntExercise 2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ clea

26、ned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would be4. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt根據漢語完成句子。根據漢語完成句子。 A: _(我可以跟朋友我可以跟朋友 去去) to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you may. A

27、: If I want to be a doctor, _ _ (我應該學理科嗎我應該學理科嗎)? B: I think so. May I go with friendsshould I studyscience 3. I dont know where she is, she _ _ (可能在武漢可能在武漢). 4. At this moment, our teacher _ (想必在批改想必在批改) our exam papers. 5. The road is wet. It _ (肯定下雨了肯定下雨了) last night. 6. Your mother _ _ (一定一直在找你一

28、定一直在找你).maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been lookingbe in Wuhanfor you7. Philip _ _(可能在車可能在車 禍中受了重傷禍中受了重傷). 8. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _ (可能上班可能上班) by bus.9. Mike _ (一定還沒有找回一定還沒有找回) his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.may (might) have bee

29、n hurtmay (might) have gonecant have foundseriously in the car accidentDiscovering useful structures 1. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather . 2. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals 3. At that time people would starve if food was difficult

30、to find . 4. or to satisfy the ancestors , who might return either to help or to do harm. 5. For the Japanese festival Obon , people should go to clean graves.Answer key for 6. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go . 7. the children might play a trick on them . 8. Festivals c

31、an also be held to honour famous people 9. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events .10. In European countries ,people will usually decorate churches and town halls11. Some people might win awards for their farm produce.12. At the Spring Festival in china ,people may give children lucky money in red paper13. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets .14. The country looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. Answer